The study determines the effects of resilience training on team performance. An investigation was undertaken to: * establish a theoretical foundation for using resilience training to improve performance; * identify parameters and criteria for determining the effects of resilience training on the individual within the team; * gain insight on how learners experienced the resilience training; and * whether they implemented the resilience training within the workplace. This study included the review of literature on various motivational theories, resilience, psycho-education, adult learning and team performance. It also included an empirical investigation on the effects of resilience training on the individual within the team and the team performance as such. Data was collected against the main research question: What is the effect of strengths-focussed training on team performance? / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Didactics)

Esta tese investigou como o uso do Sistema de Controle Gerencial influencia na gestão da resiliência organizacional de uma empresa brasileira. A escolha pelo modelo teórico \"Levers of Control\" de Robert Simons (1995, 2000) está vinculada ao seu objetivo que é analisar quais são os sistemas de controle gerencial utilizados pela organização para promover a renovação da estratégia organizacional, com isto auxiliar na gestão da resiliência estratégica da organização. Desenvolveu-se um survey single entity em uma empresa do setor de comércio de derivados de petróleo, com estrutura, porte e sistema de controle gerencial demandados para a investigação. A empresa escolhida foi conveniente pois, no momento da pesquisa, estava vivenciando um momento de tensão em relação a sua estrutura e modo de funcionamento. O levantamento dos dados ocorreu a partir de um questionário enviado aos executivos de diversas áreas da organização abrangendo uma amostra de 64 gestores organizacionais. Os resultados suportam a hipótese de que o uso do sistema de controle gerencial impacta positivamente na resiliência estratégica porque permite uma visão estruturada para ação e reação das organizações. Observou-se que elevados níveis do uso do sistema de controle gerencial nas formas de sistemas de crenças, restrições, uso diagnóstico e uso interativo aumentam a capacidade da organização para a resiliência ao atuarem de forma proativa, com visão estratégica frente às adversidades do cenário empresarial, proporcionando a renovação da estratégica proposta por Simons (1995). Dentre as contribuições da pesquisa, destacam-se: (i) a discussão sobre o sistema de controle gerencial sob o prisma das alavancas de controle gerencial de Simons (1995, 2000) no cenário nacional e sua associação com a teoria da resiliência organizacional; (ii) o desenvolvimento e a validação de uma ferramenta para mensurar resiliência estratégica no nível empresarial; e (iii) do ponto de vista prático, este estudo auxilia os gerentes a decidirem qual padrão de controle melhor se adequa às circunstâncias em que operam e aos seus desafios estratégicos, contribuindo para a compreensão de como o uso do sistema de controle gerencial impacta a resiliência no ambiente organizacional. / This Ph.D. dissertation investigated how the use of the Management Control System influences in the management of organizational resilience in a Brazilian company. The choice by the theoretical model named \"Levers of Control\" by Robert Simons (1995, 2000) is linked to its purpose to analyze which are the management control systems used by the organization to provide the strategic renewal and helping with the organization\'s strategic resilience management. A survey single entity developed in a Brazilian oil derivative trading company with structure, size and management control system required for the research. The chosen company was convenient because, at the time of the research, it was experiencing a moment of tension in relation to its structure and mode of operation. The data were collected based on a questionnaire sent to executives from different departments, covering a sample of 64 organizational managers. The results support the hypothesis that the use of the management control system has a positive impact on the strategic resilience because it allows a structured view for organizations\' action and reaction. Thus, it was observed that high levels of the use of the management control system in the forms of beliefs systems, boundary systems, diagnostic control system and interactive control system increase the organization\'s capacity for resilience by acting in a proactive way, with strategic vision facing the business context\'s adversities, providing the strategic renewal proposed by Simons (1995). Among the research contributions, the following stand out: (i) the theoretical discussion about the Management Control System through the prism of Levers of Control by Simons (1995, 2000) in the national scenario, and its association with the organizational resilience theory; (ii) the development and validation of a tool to measure strategic resilience at the organizational level; and (iii) the practical point of view, this research helps managers to decide which pattern of control best fits the circumstances in which they operate and their strategic challenges, contribute to understanding how the use of management control system impacts on the resilience in the organizational environment.

Coping and resilience occurs on a regular basis within the lives of children residing in at-risk communities. Coping refers to an action or behaviour on behalf of the child with the aim of diminishing the burden of psychological and emotional stressors. Coping can be achieved by means of internal factors, such as avoidance, positive cognitive restructuring, and wishful thinking, as well as by means of external factors such as social support. Resilience was operationalized as the ability of the child to bounce back from adversity or stress in order to achieve positive developmental outcomes. This ability to overcome adverse events can be achieved by means of external as well as internal factors, and thus resilience is understood as a socio-ecological construct (Ungar, 2008). Hence a theoretical link between the two constructs has been identified in relevant literature, since both coping and resilience refer to children‟s ability to deal with stress and adversity they encounter. A quantitative method of research was chosen for this study in order to investigate the relationship between coping behaviour and resilience processes. The sample consisted of 262 primary school pupils aged 10 to 14, residing in a severely socio-economically deprived community in Vereeniging, Gauteng. An equal distribution of gender was achieved in the sample. Two questionnaires were administered to determine the coping behaviour and resilience processes of participants, namely The Children‟s Coping Strategy Checklist (CCSC) compiled by Ayers and Sandler (1999), and the Resilience and Youth Developmental Model (RYDM) by West.Ed (1999; 2002). Both measures were administered in Afrikaans, which was the medium of teaching in the school. All ethical requirements for a study of this nature were met with precision. Descriptive statistics regarding the sample revealed that the majority of the participants were aged 12 years, in Grade 6 and Afrikaans speaking. Furthermore the measuring instruments yielded acceptable reliability coefficients, with the CCSC as well as the RYDM obtaining a value of ρ = 0,98. Measurement model 1, consisting of an eleven-factor structure (coping consisting of six factors and resilience of five factors) indicated the best fit, with a Chi-square (χ²) value of 4667,30; CFI of 0,95, and a TLI value of 0,95. Furthermore, significant but tenuous statistically correlational relationship was observed between coping and resilience. A coping measurement model could be conceptualized from the results of this study. Possible limitations of the study were that: The data was collected in 2010, with secondary analysis being the focus of this study; the CCSC as well as the RYDM are relatively new measures within a South African context, and although both were translated for use in this project, cultural equivalence was not ensured. Possible recommendations for further studies may include the development of standardised South African measures, as well as qualitative studies to explore and provide an in-depth understanding of coping behaviour and resilience processes in children. / MA (Research Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Coping and resilience occurs on a regular basis within the lives of children residing in at-risk communities. Coping refers to an action or behaviour on behalf of the child with the aim of diminishing the burden of psychological and emotional stressors. Coping can be achieved by means of internal factors, such as avoidance, positive cognitive restructuring, and wishful thinking, as well as by means of external factors such as social support. Resilience was operationalized as the ability of the child to bounce back from adversity or stress in order to achieve positive developmental outcomes. This ability to overcome adverse events can be achieved by means of external as well as internal factors, and thus resilience is understood as a socio-ecological construct (Ungar, 2008). Hence a theoretical link between the two constructs has been identified in relevant literature, since both coping and resilience refer to children‟s ability to deal with stress and adversity they encounter. A quantitative method of research was chosen for this study in order to investigate the relationship between coping behaviour and resilience processes. The sample consisted of 262 primary school pupils aged 10 to 14, residing in a severely socio-economically deprived community in Vereeniging, Gauteng. An equal distribution of gender was achieved in the sample. Two questionnaires were administered to determine the coping behaviour and resilience processes of participants, namely The Children‟s Coping Strategy Checklist (CCSC) compiled by Ayers and Sandler (1999), and the Resilience and Youth Developmental Model (RYDM) by West.Ed (1999; 2002). Both measures were administered in Afrikaans, which was the medium of teaching in the school. All ethical requirements for a study of this nature were met with precision. Descriptive statistics regarding the sample revealed that the majority of the participants were aged 12 years, in Grade 6 and Afrikaans speaking. Furthermore the measuring instruments yielded acceptable reliability coefficients, with the CCSC as well as the RYDM obtaining a value of ρ = 0,98. Measurement model 1, consisting of an eleven-factor structure (coping consisting of six factors and resilience of five factors) indicated the best fit, with a Chi-square (χ²) value of 4667,30; CFI of 0,95, and a TLI value of 0,95. Furthermore, significant but tenuous statistically correlational relationship was observed between coping and resilience. A coping measurement model could be conceptualized from the results of this study. Possible limitations of the study were that: The data was collected in 2010, with secondary analysis being the focus of this study; the CCSC as well as the RYDM are relatively new measures within a South African context, and although both were translated for use in this project, cultural equivalence was not ensured. Possible recommendations for further studies may include the development of standardised South African measures, as well as qualitative studies to explore and provide an in-depth understanding of coping behaviour and resilience processes in children. / MA (Research Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The study determines the effects of resilience training on team performance. An investigation was undertaken to: * establish a theoretical foundation for using resilience training to improve performance; * identify parameters and criteria for determining the effects of resilience training on the individual within the team; * gain insight on how learners experienced the resilience training; and * whether they implemented the resilience training within the workplace. This study included the review of literature on various motivational theories, resilience, psycho-education, adult learning and team performance. It also included an empirical investigation on the effects of resilience training on the individual within the team and the team performance as such. Data was collected against the main research question: What is the effect of strengths-focussed training on team performance? / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Didactics)

Cette recherche a été initiée à partir des constats suivants : les étudiants en soins infirmiers français réussissent en majorité à achever leurs scolarités en dépit d’un vécu de stress important durant celles-ci, les conduisant parfois au burnout. Grâce à une approche exploratoire avec en premier une revue de littérature puis une enquête auprès de 30 participants à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs analysés de manière thématique, nous avons étudié ces phénomènes sous l’angle de la vulnérabilité et de la résilience. D’une part, les principaux résultats nous permettent de confirmer que la formation infirmière place l’individu dans une situation de vulnérabilité conjoncturelle. Les facteurs personnels de vulnérabilité soulignés sont entre autres : le processus de transformation identitaire opérant lors de la scolarité, les enjeux dus à un apprentissage durant la jeunesse (alterner formation et premier travail d’étudiant, apprendre à s’autogérer dans un premier appartement, s’éloigner pour la première fois du cocon familial, etc.) ou plus tard dans la vie adulte (revenir à un statut financier plus précaire, se faire encadrer par des plus âgés que soi, assumer son rôle de parent en plus de celui de ses travaux d’étudiants, etc.). Les principaux facteurs de vulnérabilité liés à l’environnement sont : la mesure difficile de l’écart entre l’idéal et la réalité, le vécu émotionnel durant l’apprentissage en stage auprès des patients, des encadrants sur le terrain souvent en souffrance dans leur travail et dont la relation pédagogique avec l’apprenti est détériorée. Les symptômes qui en découlent vont d’un simple stress, à des angoisses, des insomnies, ou encore une perte d’espoir par exemple. Ces symptômes sont parfois l’expression d’un syndrome de stress post-traumatique ou d’un burnout. D’autre part, l’enquête a révélé que des processus résilients peuvent être observés pendant les études. D’un point de vue des facteurs de protection, l’apprentissage en lui-même et des pédagogues soutenants favorisent le processus de mentalisation. Des mécanismes de défense sont également activés durant la formation comme l’altruisme lors de la relation d’aide ou l’affiliation au cours des nombreux temps de partage entre pairs. Des tuteurs potentiels de résilience à la disposition des étudiants ont été identifiés : les apprenants entre eux, les formateurs, les directeurs, les cadres de santé/maître de stage, les infirmiers, les aides-soignants et des psychologues. Nous avons identifié leurs caractéristiques comme la bienveillance dont ils font preuve, le rôle de garant de la loi, de l’éthique et de la déontologie… Enfin, nous avons analysé les nouveaux éléments apportés par cette recherche et nous les avons éclairés par des investigations complémentaires dans la littérature. Nous avons notamment comparé les publications internationales sur les risques de burnout des étudiants en soins infirmiers. Nous avons approfondi la principale caractéristique de leurs tuteurs de résilience qui est ressortie de notre enquête : la compassion. Enfin, nous avons envisagé le suivi pédagogique et l’analyse de pratique professionnelle comme deux séquences d’apprentissage permettant d’accompagner la résilience. / The vast majority of French nursing students succeed in their studies despite having experienced stress factors, that can often be associated or, indeed, lead to burnout. We conducted a literature review followed by a semi-structured interview of 30 nursing students. The aim was to explore the concepts of vulnerability and resilience and how nursing students use these to succeed in their studies. Our main results confirm that nursing training places students in a situation of temporary vulnerability. Personal factors of vulnerability identified were: the stakes due to learning during the youth or later in adult life and the process of identity. The main factors of vulnerability relating to the environment were; the difficulty in measuring the gap between the ideal and reality, the emotional experience with the patient during their placement and establishment of difficult relationships with supervisors, who are often suffering in their work. The main consequences observed were stress, anxiety, insomnia, or loss of hope. These symptoms are sometimes the expression of post-traumatic stress disorder or of a professional burnout.On the other hand, the survey revealed that resilient processes can be observed during the studies. The main protective factors identified in the study that gave the students resilience were ; learning in oneself and supportive teachers, which allows the mentalization process. Defense mechanisms are also activated during training. Altruism in the supportive relationship both with mentors and the camaradery formed with fellow students were particularly evident amongst the interview responses. Potential sources of resilience identified were: student groups, trainers, directors, health managers / supervisors, nurses, nursing aides and psychologists. In summary, we have analyzed the new elements that this research has shown and compared to previous studies that have been conducted about the risk of among nursing students. We identified the main characteristic of their resilience tutors that emerged from our investigation: compassion. Finally, we considered the pedagogical follow-up and the analysis of professional practice as the two sequences of learning to promote resilience.

The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of whether or not, and how teachers in a resource-constrained rural school sustain their motivation in and commitment to teaching over a life-span. The Social Cognitive Career Theory was chosen as theoretical framework because it recognises the importance that factors in the environment play when the career paths of individuals unfold. A conceptual framework for ‘teacher career resilience’ was developed by merging current thinking on resilience, teacher resilience and career resilience. The life-history design was framed methodologically as biographical research with participatory principles. Teacher participants (n=5, 3=female and 2=male) were selected according to purposive sampling. Data were generated through participatory interview-conversations, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, as well as memory books, joint photograph-taking and field notes in a researcher diary. Five themes emerged from the guided phenomenological analysis process (Hycner, 1985) and narrative comparison. First, this study exposes illiteracy of learners’ parents, demotivated learners, and a negative national teacher fraternity as sources of adversity not previously noted as significant for teachers in rural settings. Second, rural teachers in this study drew strength from their own life experiences of adversity (being from rural areas themselves); and they relied on their own agency in problem solving. Third, in addition participating rural teachers make use of encouraging memories of their own teachers from childhood and partake in informal professional development activities such as collaborative peer discussions rather than mentoring to grow professionally. Fourth, participating teachers in rural resource-constrained South Africa thus use similar internal protective resources (problem solving, strategizing, cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation) in their adaptive coping repertoire to those of other teachers globally. Fifth, teachers did not enter the teaching profession in the same way as has been documented elsewhere; but entered the teaching profession as a result of socio-political and financial influences, chance happenings and the influence of significant teachers in their past. Teachers seem to balance their use of protective resources between internal and external resources in their current practice. Over time, however they draw more on internal protective resources. Teachers conceptualised their teacher career resilience on a continuum: persevering through adversity, both as young children, and as growing professionals. They use their self-efficacy beliefs, embedded in an adversity drenched past, to manage, overcome and cope despite current chronic adversity. Teachers’ overt behavior in adaptive coping processes was dependent on the interrelatedness between their attributes (especially internal protective resources), the environment (chronic adversity) and the continuous loop of influence (appraisal) between these three factors. Teachers became skilled in resilience processes because of the chronic adversity they face. Teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about their adaptive coping extended beyond what they themselves can achieve to what their efforts in teaching may mean to model hope to learners, as their teachers modelled to them, fostering a certain altruistic career anchor. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Produkter med digitala element utsätts alltmer frekvent för framgångsrika cyberattacker och därmed har EU introducerat Cyber Resilience Act. Förordningen har blivit godkänd och förväntas träda i kraft under 2024, men tillverkningsföretagen behöver inte uppfylla kraven förrän 2027. Det huvudsakliga kravet i förordningen är att tillverkningsföretag inte får ha några kända säkerhetsluckor i produkter med digitala element. Denna studie, Digital säkerhet i tillverkningssektorn, undersöker hur tillverkningsföretag förhåller sig till förordningen samt hur tillverkningsföretag förebygger, identifierar och hanterar säkerhetsluckor i produkter med digitala element. En kvalitativ metod genomfördes där nio respondenter intervjuades. Studien Digital säkerhet i tillverkningssektorn visar att tillverkningsföretagens förhållningssätt gentemot förordningen baseras på mognad och medvetenhet. Penetrationstest, sårbarhetshantering och patchhantering är de främsta metoderna som används för att förebygga, identifiera och hantera säkerhetsluckor. Människans kunskap är viktig för att skapa cyberresiliens, men varierar utifrån hur avancerad tekniken är i företaget och hur mycket mänsklig expertis som finns inom området. / Products with digital elements are increasingly subject to successful cyber attacks and with that the EU has introduced the Cyber Resilience Act. The regulation has been approved and is expected to enter into force in 2024, but the manufacturing companies do not have to meet the requirements until 2027. The main requirement of the regulation is that manufacturing companies must not have any known security gaps in products with digital elements. This study, Digital security in the manufacturing sector, examines how manufacturing companies relate to the regulation and how manufacturing companies prevent, identify and manage security gaps in products with digital elements. A qualitative method was carried out where nine respondents were interviewed. The study Digital security in the manufacturing sector shows that the manufacturing companies' approach to the regulation is primarily based on their maturity and awareness. Penetration testing, vulnerability management, and patch management are the main methods used to prevent, identify and manage security gaps. Human knowledge is important for creating cyber resilience, but varies based on how advanced the technology is in a company and how much human expertise there is within the field.

Master of Science / Department of Psychological Sciences / Clive J. Fullagar / The field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology has begun to incorporate elements from the growing field of Positive Psychology which has been manifest in Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) and Positive Organizational Behavior (POB). This study examined two POB constructs, Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and Flow in a lab-based virtual-world simulation while utilizing Fredrickson’s (2001) broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. It was hypothesized that PsyCap would predict flow experiences and that those flow experiences would predict several outcomes, namely performance, affect, and resilience. It was found that individuals higher in Psychological Capital tended to experience more flow in a flow inducing task. During that task, individuals in flow performed better and experienced more positive affect than individuals who experienced lower levels of flow. Additionally, flow in that task was able to predict performance, affect, and resilience in a later, overly challenging task. Implications for these findings are discussed as well as limitations and future directions.

Master of Science / School of Family Studies and Human Services / Melinda Markham / Resiliency in the low-income population includes individual as well as familial and community achievement. In order to break down the barriers of poverty, all three must be interconnected. This report provides a review of the current literature on factors that affect individuals and families to become resilient and what programs are available for support along the way. Circles Manhattan is one program in the Manhattan, Kansas community that rallies around individuals and families in poverty and works to see them through to earning 200% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. This report also provides an evaluation of the Circles Manhattan Circle Leader training using pre-evaluation, post-evaluation, and weekly evaluation tools. Based on the results of the evaluation, recommendations are made for the future of Circles Manhattan as well as for researchers studying the topic of resiliency and poverty.