No / The triazoylketone discussed in this paper crystallises from racemic solutions as a conglomerate. Here, we report the ternary phase diagram confirming the conglomerate behaviour of this molecule. Through computation we also explore the underlying reasons for the absence of a racemic compound in this system and the evident epitaxial crystallisation leading to crystals of almost racemic compositions but which retain the crystal structure of the pure enantiomer. / EU-project ‘IntEnant’, Integrated Synthesis and Purification of Enantiomers

<p>Det har gått 10 år sedan resolution 1325 om kvinnor, fred och säkerhet antogs. Den följs av olika handlingsplaner för att implementera resolutionen. Dessutom finns studier om och erfarenheter i hur man skall lyckas med implementeringen av resolution 1325. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra Regeringens handlingsplan för resolution 1325 och Försvarsmaktens arbete med resolution 1325, för att lyfta fram likheter och skillnader. Syftet är även att visa vilka erfarenheter som dragits av studier om implementering av resolution 1325 och hur Regeringens plan och Försvarsmaktens arbete stämmer överens med de dragna erfarenheterna. Uppsatsen presenterar resolution 1325 och de studier som finns om resolution 1325, samt Regeringens handlingsplan för att implementera resolution 1325 och en intervju med ansvarig förimplementering av resolutionen i Försvarsmakten. Resultatet av dokumentanalysen och intervjun visar att det finns likheterna mellan Regeringens och Försvarsmaktens planer samt de studier som finns om resolution 1325, men även att det finns skillnader. Resultatet visar även vart fokus ligger i implementeringen av resolution 1325 och på vilket sätt arbetet följs upp av Regeringen och Försvarsmakten. Slutsatsen är att det finns likheter men också skillnader mellan Regeringens plan och Försvarsmaktens arbete och att båda i många fall är kopplade till tidigare studier om resolution 1325.</p> / <p>It’s been 10 years since Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security was adopted. It’s followed by various action plans to implement the Resolution. In addition, studies and experience in how to succeed with the implementation of Resolution 1325 have followed. The purpose of this paper is to compare the Government's Action Plan on Resolution 1325 and the Swedish Armed Forces work with Resolution 1325, to highlight similarities and differences. The aim is also to present experiences learned from studies on how to implement Resolution 1325 and how the Government's action plan and the Armed Forces work in line with those drawn experiences. This thesis presents the Resolution 1325 and different studies available on Resolution 1325. It presents The Government's action plan to implement Resolution 1325 and an interview with the person who is responsibility for implementation of the Resolution in the Armed Forces. The results of the document analysis and the interview show that there are some similarities between the Governments and the Armed Forces plans and the studies of Resolution 1325, but also that there are some differences. The result also proves where the focus lies in the implementation of Resolution1325 and how the work is monitored by the Government and the Armed Forces. The conclusion is that there are similarities but also differences between the Government's plan and the Armed Forces work and that both in many cases are linked to previous studies on Resolution 1325.</p>

Det har gått 10 år sedan resolution 1325 om kvinnor, fred och säkerhet antogs. Den följs av olika handlingsplaner för att implementera resolutionen. Dessutom finns studier om och erfarenheter i hur man skall lyckas med implementeringen av resolution 1325. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra Regeringens handlingsplan för resolution 1325 och Försvarsmaktens arbete med resolution 1325, för att lyfta fram likheter och skillnader. Syftet är även att visa vilka erfarenheter som dragits av studier om implementering av resolution 1325 och hur Regeringens plan och Försvarsmaktens arbete stämmer överens med de dragna erfarenheterna. Uppsatsen presenterar resolution 1325 och de studier som finns om resolution 1325, samt Regeringens handlingsplan för att implementera resolution 1325 och en intervju med ansvarig förimplementering av resolutionen i Försvarsmakten. Resultatet av dokumentanalysen och intervjun visar att det finns likheterna mellan Regeringens och Försvarsmaktens planer samt de studier som finns om resolution 1325, men även att det finns skillnader. Resultatet visar även vart fokus ligger i implementeringen av resolution 1325 och på vilket sätt arbetet följs upp av Regeringen och Försvarsmakten. Slutsatsen är att det finns likheter men också skillnader mellan Regeringens plan och Försvarsmaktens arbete och att båda i många fall är kopplade till tidigare studier om resolution 1325. / It’s been 10 years since Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security was adopted. It’s followed by various action plans to implement the Resolution. In addition, studies and experience in how to succeed with the implementation of Resolution 1325 have followed. The purpose of this paper is to compare the Government's Action Plan on Resolution 1325 and the Swedish Armed Forces work with Resolution 1325, to highlight similarities and differences. The aim is also to present experiences learned from studies on how to implement Resolution 1325 and how the Government's action plan and the Armed Forces work in line with those drawn experiences. This thesis presents the Resolution 1325 and different studies available on Resolution 1325. It presents The Government's action plan to implement Resolution 1325 and an interview with the person who is responsibility for implementation of the Resolution in the Armed Forces. The results of the document analysis and the interview show that there are some similarities between the Governments and the Armed Forces plans and the studies of Resolution 1325, but also that there are some differences. The result also proves where the focus lies in the implementation of Resolution1325 and how the work is monitored by the Government and the Armed Forces. The conclusion is that there are similarities but also differences between the Government's plan and the Armed Forces work and that both in many cases are linked to previous studies on Resolution 1325.

Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is a powerful method for obtaining compounds with high optical purity. The process relies on the combination of a kinetic resolution with an in situ racemization. In this thesis, a combination of an immobilized hydrolase and a transition metal-based racemization catalyst was employed in DKR to transform racemic alcohols and amines into enantioenriched esters and amides, respectively. In the first part the DKR of 1,2-amino alcohols with different rings sizes and N-protecting groups is described. We showed that the immobilization method used to support the lipase strongly influenced the stereoselectivity of the reaction. The second part deals with the DKR of C3-functionalized cyclic allylic alcohols affording the corresponding allylic esters in high yields and high ee’s. The protocol was also extended to include carbohydrate derivatives, leading to inversion of a hydroxyl substituted chiral center on the carbohydrate. The third part focuses on an improved method for obtaining benzylic primary amines. By using a novel, recyclable catalyst composed of Pd nanoparticles on amino-functionalized mesocellular foam, DKR could be performed at 50 °C. Moreover, Lipase PS was for the first time employed in the DKR of amines. In the fourth part DKR was applied in the total synthesis of Duloxetine, a compound used in the treatment of major depressive disorder. By performing a six-step synthesis, utilizing DKR in the enantiodetermining step, Duloxetine could be isolated in an overall yield of 37% and an ee &gt;96%. In the final part we investigated how the enantioselectivty of reactions catalyzed by Candida Antarctica lipase B for δ-substituted alkan-2-ols are influenced by water. The results showed that the enzyme displays much higher enantioselectivity in water than in anhydrous toluene. The effect was rationalized by the creation of a water mediated hydrogen bond in the active site that helps the enzyme form enantiodiscriminating binding modes. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

In this paper, we propose an image registration algorithm to form a set of images to a high-resolution image. This algorithm employs a fringe projected scheme to perform the registration. The proposed algorithm provides several advantages, such as high precision, low computation cost, simple system configuration and robotic performance. An example which used three images to form a hight-resolution image was given. It was found that the resolution had enhanced 2.72 times.

No description available.

Zambia faces extensive conflict and violence of both direct and structural types. The qualitative and quantitative indices provided by the Global Peace Index (GPI), the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Gender Disparity Index (GDI) confirm that Zambia needs a control shift permeated with tools of peacefulness that will move the country from a culture of violence to a culture of peace and non-violence. The focus of the dissertation is one way of trying to build sustainable peace in the world and in particular Zambia by creating structures within government circles, specifically by establishing a Ministry of Peace that will work to transcend violent conflicts while working alongside a Peace Education Commission (PEC), Peace Research Commission (PRC) and an independent Conflict Resolution and Mediation Commission (CRMC). The aim of such a ministry is to help change the mindset of the people of Zambia from a culture of violence towards to a culture of peace and non-violence. The dissertation discusses possible objections to a Ministry of Peace and proposes a strategic plan for establishing a Ministry of Peace in Zambia. Two focus groups were selected to provide a very small sample of Zambians the opportunity to comment on the idea of establishing a Ministry of Peace in Zambia. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2009.

For several common inkjet, laser and thermal dye printers, a method of evaluating prints that is not associated with the level of dental expertise of the observer is introduced. In addition, an automated analysis that mimics the observations made by observers is tested. Metrics that are evaluated in this study include spatial resolution, contrast uniformity, the type of paper, and overall observer preference. The results demonstrate that observer preference is associated with a high print contrast uniformity and with the use of glossy paper, but not with increased spatial resolution. The automated analysis produced results that were in general agreement with the observer data for spatial resolution, which concluded that the Lexmark C543DN printer produced prints with the highest spatial resolution. A thermal dye printer (Kodak CMI1000) produced prints with the highest contrast uniformity, and the print most favored by observers overall was produced by the Kodak ESP-9 inkjet printer on Kodak Everyday Glossy Photo paper.

For several common inkjet, laser and thermal dye printers, a method of evaluating prints that is not associated with the level of dental expertise of the observer is introduced. In addition, an automated analysis that mimics the observations made by observers is tested. Metrics that are evaluated in this study include spatial resolution, contrast uniformity, the type of paper, and overall observer preference. The results demonstrate that observer preference is associated with a high print contrast uniformity and with the use of glossy paper, but not with increased spatial resolution. The automated analysis produced results that were in general agreement with the observer data for spatial resolution, which concluded that the Lexmark C543DN printer produced prints with the highest spatial resolution. A thermal dye printer (Kodak CMI1000) produced prints with the highest contrast uniformity, and the print most favored by observers overall was produced by the Kodak ESP-9 inkjet printer on Kodak Everyday Glossy Photo paper.

The influence of globalization over legal systems has resulted in, among other effects, the emergence of transnational law and new international players, such as multinational corporations (MNEs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and numerous international entities. The dynamics of the new players within the new transnational legal order have generated a need for a new supranational system of dispute resolution. / The analysis focuses on the Latin American experience in adapting to judicial reform programs (sponsored by international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Development Bank) which promote the integration of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods into domestic legal systems, in order to integrate such systems into a supranational system of dispute resolution for the entire continent. / This study aims to explore various alternatives for preventing a continental supranational system of dispute resolution from undermining domestic democracies, while integrating developing countries into the process of commercial globalization.