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Role Reward of Grandmothers Caring for GrandchildrenPhisaiphanth, Suparat 21 February 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Resilience-based Operational Analytics of Transportation Infrastructure: A Data-driven Approach for Smart CitiesKhaghani, Farnaz 01 July 2020 (has links)
Studying recurrent mobility perturbations, such as traffic congestions, is a major concern of engineers, planners, and authorities as they not only bring about delay and inconvenience but also have consequent negative impacts like greenhouse gas emission, increase in fuel consumption, or safety issues. In this dissertation, we proposed using the resilience concept, which has been commonly used for assessing the impact of extreme events and disturbances on the transportation system, for high-probability low impact (HPLI) events to (a) provide a performance assessment framework for transportation systems' response to traffic congestions, (b) investigate the role of transit modes in the resilience of urban roadways to congestion, and (c) study the impact of network topology on the resilience of roadways functionality performance. We proposed a multi-dimensional approach to characterize the resilience of urban transportation roadways for recurrent congestions. The resilience concept could provide an effective benchmark for comparative performance and identifying the behavior of the system in the discharging process in congestion. To this end, we used a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to integrate multiple resilience-oriented attributes to estimate the efficiency (resilience) of the frontier in roadways. Our results from an empirical study on California highways through the PeMS data have shown the potential of the multi-dimensional approach in increasing information gain and differentiating between the severity of congestion across a transportation network. Leveraging this resilience-based characterization of recurrent disruptions, in the second study, we investigated the role of multi-modal resourcefulness of urban transportation systems, in terms of diversity and equity, on the resilience of roadways to daily-based congestions. We looked at the physical infrastructure availability and distribution (i.e. diversity) and accessibility and coverage to capture socio-economic factors (i.e. equity) to more comprehensively understand the role of resourcefulness in resilience. We conducted this investigation by using a GPS dataset of taxi trips in the Washington DC metropolitan area in 2017. Our results demonstrated the strong correlation of trips' resilience with transportation equity and to a lesser extent with transportation diversity. Furthermore, we learned the impact of equity and diversity can mostly be seen at the recovery stage of resilience. In the third study, we looked at another aspect of transportation supply in urban areas, spatial configuration, and topology. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of network topology and configuration on resilience to congestion. We used OSMnx, a toolkit for street network analysis based on the data from OpenStreetMap, to model and analyze the urban roadways network configurations. We further employed a multidimensional visualization strategy using radar charts to compare the topology of street networks on a single graphic. Leveraging the geometric descriptors of radar charts, we used the compactness and Jaccard Index to quantitatively compare the topology profiles. We use the same taxi trips dataset used in the second study to characterize resilience and identify the correlation with network topology. The results indicated a strong correlation between resilience and betweenness centrality, diameter, and Page Rank among other features of a transportation network. We further looked at the capacity of roadways as a common cause for the strong correlation between network features and resilience. We found that the strong correlation of link-related features such as diameter could be due to their role in capacity and have a common cause with resilience. / Doctor of Philosophy / Transportation infrastructure systems are among the most fundamental facilities and systems in urban areas due to the role they play in mobility, economy, and environmental sustainability. Due to this importance, it is crucial to ensure their resilience to regular disruptions such as traffic congestions as a priority for engineers and policymakers. The resilience of transportation systems has often been studied when disasters or extreme events occur. However, minor disturbances such as everyday operational traffic situations can also play an important part in reducing the efficiency of transportation systems and should be considered in the overall resilience of the systems. Current literature does not consider traffic performance from the lens of resilience despite its importance in evaluating the overall performance of roads. This research addresses this gap by proposing to leverage the concept of resilience for evaluation of roadways performance and identifying the role of urban characteristics in the enhancement of resilience. We first characterized resilience considering the performance of the roadways over time, ranging from the occurrence of disruptions to the time point when the system performance returns to a stable state. Through a case study on some of the major highways in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and by leveraging the data from the Performance Measurement System (PeMS), we have investigated how accounting for a proposed multi-dimensional approach for quantification of resilience could add value to the process of road network performance assessment and the corresponding decision-making. In the second and third parts of this dissertation, we looked at the urban infrastructure elements and how they affect resilience to regular disruptive congestion events. Specifically, in the second study, we focused on alternative transit modes such as bus, metro, or bike presence in the urban areas. We utilized diversity and equity concepts for assessing the opportunities they provide for people as alternative mobility modes. The proposed metrics not only capture the physical attributes of the multi-modal transportation systems (i.e. availability and distribution of transit modes in urban areas) but also consider the socio-economic factors (i.e. the number of people that could potentially use the transit mode). In the third study, we investigated how urban road networks' form and topology (i.e., the structure of roadway networks) could affect its resilience to recurrent congestions. We presented our findings as a case study in the Washington DC area. Results indicated a strong correlation between resilience and resourcefulness as well as topology features. The findings allow decision-makers to make more informed design and operational decisions and better incorporate the urban characteristics during the priority setting process.
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Salutogenic functioning amongst university administrative staffMtsweni, Sipho Herold 30 June 2007 (has links)
This study provides an orientation towards coping with stress management
through salutogenic functioning. Six constructs, namely, sense of
coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, potency, learned resourcefulness and
locus of control, were studied as it manifest amongst random sampled
university administrative staff.
The literature review focused on salutogenic functioning, coping and stress,
integrated in the salutogenic personality profile.
The results from the research revealed positive correlations between
external locus of control and self-efficacy and meaningfulness, autonomy
and self control, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, internal locus
of control and meaningfulness, challenge and meaningfulness. Negative
correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy and
comprehensibility, potency and all locus of control dimensions, males and
females differed in their self control and external control, black africans had
the lowest score on external control, and there was no relationship between
age and the constructs.
Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the optimisation of
salutogenic functioning among university administrative staff. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Salutogenic functioning amongst university administrative staffMtsweni, Sipho Herold 30 June 2007 (has links)
This study provides an orientation towards coping with stress management
through salutogenic functioning. Six constructs, namely, sense of
coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, potency, learned resourcefulness and
locus of control, were studied as it manifest amongst random sampled
university administrative staff.
The literature review focused on salutogenic functioning, coping and stress,
integrated in the salutogenic personality profile.
The results from the research revealed positive correlations between
external locus of control and self-efficacy and meaningfulness, autonomy
and self control, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, internal locus
of control and meaningfulness, challenge and meaningfulness. Negative
correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy and
comprehensibility, potency and all locus of control dimensions, males and
females differed in their self control and external control, black africans had
the lowest score on external control, and there was no relationship between
age and the constructs.
Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the optimisation of
salutogenic functioning among university administrative staff. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Resilience In University Entrance Examination Applicants: The Role Of Learned Resourcefulness, Perceived Social Support, And GenderDayioglu, Burcu 01 September 2008 (has links) (PDF)
The purpose of the study is to examine the differences in resilience scores of university entrance examination (UEE) applicants in terms of entrance time, graduation area, and school type variables, and to investigate the role of learned resourcefulness, perceived social support, and gender in predicting resilience scores of UEE applicants in the 2007-2008 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 865 (505 females and 360 males) volunteered UEE applicants enrolled in twelve different private courses located in Ankara and three different private courses located in Bursa. Achievement-Related Negative Life Events Subscale of Life Events Inventory for University Students (Genç / ö / z & / Dinç / , 2006 / Oral, 1999) was employed as a screening measure. Furthermore, a demographic data form developed by the researcher, Rosenbaum&rsquo / s Self-Control Schedule (Rosenbaum, 1980a / Siva, 1991), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Eker & / Arkar, 1995 / Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & / Farley, 1988), and Harter&rsquo / s Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988 / Sahin & / Berkem-Gü / venç / , 1996) were used to collect data. One-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated that the groups of entrance time to university entrance examination (entering the exam for the first time, second time, or third time), graduation area (equally weighted, quantitative, or social sciences), and school type (General High School, Anatolian High School, Private High School, or Vocational High School) were not significantly different with respect to their resilience scores. On the other hand, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that all the predictor variables (learned resourcefulness, perceived social support, and gender) were significant predictors which explained 19 % of the total variance in resilience scores. The study found that participants who reported high levels of learned resourcefulness, and perceived social support had higher resilience scores. In addition, being male was found to be associated with higher resilience scores.
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The Effect Of A Cognitive Behavioral Group Counseling Program On The Learned Resourcefulness Level And Automatic Thought Patterns Of Elementary School StudentsGuloglu, Berna 01 February 2006 (has links) (PDF)
THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF A COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM ON THE LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS LEVEL AND AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS OF FIFTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. THE STUDY CONSISTS OF TWO PHASES. IN THE FIRST PHASE, CHILDREN' / S VERSION OF SELF-CONTROL (C-SCS) AND COGNITIVE TRIAD INVENTROY FOR CHILDREN (CTI-C) WERE GIVEN TO 232 FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS IN TWO ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN ANKARA. THE DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS (CTI-C) OF THE STUDENTS BY GENDER AND LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS (C-SCS) WERE EXPLORED USING A 2 (GENDER) X 2 (HIGH-LOW LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS) FACTORIAL MANOVA. RESULTS SHOWED THAT STUDENTS WHO WERE HIGHLY RESOURCEFUL SCORED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN TOTAL, NEGATIVE VIEW OF SELF, FUTURE AND WORLD AND POSITIVE ViEW OF SELF, FUTURE AND WORLD.
AN EXPEROMENTAL DESIGN WITH ONE TRAINING AND TWO CONTROL GROUPS (PLACEBO-ATTENTION AND NO-TREATMENT) AND THREE MEASUREMENTS (PRE, POST AND FOLLOW-UP) WERE USED IN THE SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY. 45 STUDENTS (27 MALES, 18 FEMALES) WHO HAD LOW LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS AND NEGATIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE TRAINING AND TWO CONTROL GROUPS. ' / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM' / WAS IMPLEMENTED TO THE COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TRAINING STUDENTS' / OVER A PERIOD OF 15 SESSIONS. THE SESSIONS WERE HELD ONCE A WEEK AND LASTED IN 90 MINUTES. STUDENTS IN THE PLACEBO-ATTENTION CONTROL GROUP PLAYED NON-THERAPEUTIC GAMES LiKE LOTTO, GAME OF NAME-CITY-ANIMAL-PLANT, HANGING A MAN, SILENT MOVIE AND SOLVED SOME PUZZLES. THE NO-TREATMENT CONTROL GROUP SUBJETCS DID NOT RECEIVE ANY TRAINING.
REPEATED MEASURES ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WAS USED TO ANALYZE THE DATA COLLECTED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PHASE OF THIS STUDY. CONTRARY TO THE EXPECTATIONS, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT ' / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM' / DID NOT IMPROVE LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS LEVELS AND INCREASE POSITIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS OF STUDENTS.
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Bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke in die salutogeniese paradigma / Determining personality characteristics in the salotogenic paradigmBreed, Marita 06 1900 (has links)
Afrikaans text / In hierdie navorsing is die waarde van salutogenese as paradigma in gesondheid
sielkunde krities beskou en salutogenese as konstruk ondersoek. Antonvosky (1979) se aanspraak
dat salutogenese 'n nuwe paradigma verteenwoordig, is krities teen die agtergrond van Kuhn se
wetenskapsbeskouing en die metaforiese gebruik van die paradigmabegrip in die geesteswetenskappe
geevalueer. Met die navorsing is bevind dat salutogenese wei as paradigma in gesondheidsielkunde
funksioneer. Die verskille tussen salutogenese en patogenese in terme van aannames. metodologie,
teoretiese onderbou en gedeelde waardes is om voldoende tot die slotsom te kom dat
salutogenese in die vorm van 'n mini-revolusie akkumulatief tot navorsingsprestasie bydra. Daar
word aanbeveel dat die paradigma eksplisiet gestel word ten einde navorsing volgens die
salutogeniese beginsels te rig.
Ten einde die konstruk 'salutogenese' te belig en bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke in die
salutogeniese paradigma te identifiseer, is 'n steekproef van 1983 voorgraadse
studente aan UNISA geselekteer, in twee groepe verdeel, naamlik Blankes en Ander,
en vraelyste wat koherensiebelewing, persoonlikheidsgehardheid, potensie, aangeleerde
vindingrykheid, lokus van kontrole en selfdoeltreffendheid meet, is afgeneem. Die onderliggende
dimensies van die konstrukte is deur faktorontleding blootgele. Produkmomentkorrelasies is
bereken en tweede- ordefaktorontledings en bevestigende faktoranalises is uitgevoer.
Die empiriese resultate dui daarop dat vir die Blankes aldie persoonlikheidskenmerke tot die
konstruk bygedra het, terwyl aangeleerde vindingrykheid nie by die Ander tot salutogenese bygedra
het nie. In terme van bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke is by die Blankes bevind dat
salutogenese uit twee tot drie dimensies bestaan. 'n Optimistiese lewensuitkyk, aktiewe
betrokkenheid by die omgewing, spesifieke gedragsvaardighede wat streshantering vergemaklik en 'n
persepsie van hulpbron beskikbaarheid is die ge'ldentifiseerde bepalende salutogeniese
kenmerke.
Vir die Ander het resultate aangetoon dat salutogenese 'n eendimensionele konstruk
is wat verteenwoordigend is van 'n individu wat oor 'n optimistiese lewensuitkyk beskik, stimuli
as verstaanbaar en betekenisvol waarneem en op grond daarvan aktief by die
leefwereld betrokke is. Salutogenese manifesteer dus verskillend by die onderskeie
kultuurgroepe en die onderliggende meganismes en dinamika wat tot salutogenese lei, toon oak
kulturele verskille. Bevestigende faktorontledingsresultate toon aan dat al die dimensies van
salutogenese nog nie gei"dentifiseer is nie en daar word aanbeveel dat salutogenese verder binne 'n
oorkoepelende persoonlikheidsteorie ondersoek meet word. In bedryfsielkundige praktyk kan
salutogenese gebruik word om stres weerbaarheid te verhoog. / In this research salutogenesis as new paradigm in health psychology was critically evaluated and
salutogenesis as construct was clarified. Antonovsky's claim that salutogenesis is a new paradigm
was evaluated against the background of Kuhn's view of science and the metaphorical use of the term
'paradigm' in the social sciences. This research concludes that salutogenesis is indeed a new
paradigm in health psychology. Salutogenesis and pathogenesis differ sufficiently in terms of
assumptions, methodology, specific theories and shared values that salutogenesis, as a mini
revolution, contributes to accumulative scientific performance. The paradigm should however be
stated explicitly in order to govern research according to salutogenic values.
In order to clarify salutogenesis as construct and to identify determining personality
characteristics in the salutogenic paradigm, a sample of 1983 undergraduate students from Unisa was
selected, divided into two groups, namely Whites and Other, and
questionnaires measuring sense of coherence, hardiness, potency, learned
resourcefulness, locus of control and self-efficacy were administered. Factor analysis clarified
the constructs' underlying dimensions. Product moment correlations were calculated, second-order
and confirmatory factor analysis performed in order to clarify the structure of salutogenesis.
The results identified that for the Whites all the personality characteristics contributed while
learned resourcefulness did not contribute to salutogenesis for the other group. In terms of
determining personality characteristics it was found for the White group that salutogenesis is a
two or three dimensional construct consisting of an optimistic outlook and active participation in
life's demands, specific behavioral skills that aid stress management and a perception of resource
availability.
For the other group, results indicated that salutogenesis is a unidimensional construct
which is respresentative of an individual that has an optimistic outlook on life, evaluates
stimuli as comprehensible and is actively involved in his/her own life. Salutogenesis thus manifest
differently in different cultures and the underlying mechanisms and dynamics, leading to a
salutogenic orientation, show cultural differences. Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that all
dimensions of salutogenesis have not been identified and it is recommended that salutogenesis be
studied within a broad personality theory. Salutogenesis can be used in industrial psychology to
enhance individual stress resistance. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Bedryfsielkunde)
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Salutogenese in organisatoriese konteksViviers, Adriaan Martinus 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Salutogenese is 'n nuwe denkrigting wat die ouer patogeniese paradigma vervang.
Daarvolgens word stres nie noodwendig in werkverband of in die mens se lewe as
negatief gesien nie, maar as optimaliseringsmoontlikheid ten einde positiewe stres- en
coping-uitkomstes te bewerkstellig. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel die ondersoek na die
verband tussen Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as optimaliseringskonstrukte.
Salutogenese is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op
o Sin vir Koherensie
o Persoonlikheidsgehardheid
o Aangeleerde Vindingrykheid.
Werkorientasie is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op
o Organisasieverbintenis
o Werkbetrokkenheid
o Werkbevrediging.
In die merra~uurron~dlerrsoelk is 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende
mens saamgestel uit die eienskappe van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaalfunksionerende
werknemer, volgens intrapersoonlike (kognitiewe, affektiewe, konatiewe
en fisiese) en interpersoonlike eienskappe.
In die empirriese cmdlerrsoelk is 'n battery bestaande uit meetinstrumente van die
konsepte, na studente uitgestuur. Die steekproef (N = 934) is in twee groepe verdeel,
te wete Blankes en Ander, ten einde betekenisvolle resultate te verkry. Die battery is
gefaktoranaliseer, alfa-koeffisiente is bepaal en items is geselekteer waarop die
resultate gebaseer is: Produkmomentkorrelasies tussen die konsepte is vir elke groep
bepaal, asook beduidende verskille tussen groepe. LISREL-ontledings is gedoen ten
einde die konseptualisering van die twee konstrukte te bepaal.
Uit die empiriese bevindings blyk dit dat die verskillende konsepte onderling verband
hou en die konstrukte verteenwoordig. Hieruit kon 'n profiel van die Salutogeniese mens
en die optimaal-funksionerende werknemer volgens intra- en interpersoonlike
eienskappe opgestel word. Die verband wat die LISREL-ontledings tussen die twee
konstrukte bevind het, het die integrering daarvan tot persoonlikheidsprofiel van die
optimaal-funksionerende mens, bevestig. Laastens is die empiriese bevindings met die
literatuurprofiel ge"integreer en daar is bevind dat daar grootliks ooreenstemming tussen
die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings bestaan.
Met die navorsing is bevind dat Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as twee afsonderlike
konstrukte bestaansreg het, maar dat dit wei oak beduidend verband met mekaar hou.
Met die integrering van die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking
gekom dat die verband tussen die twee konstrukte optimalisering simboliseer.
Dit figureer as intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe by die optimaal-funksionerende
mens. / Salutogenesis is a new approach which replaces the old pathogenic paradigm. In terms
of this approach, stress need not necessarily be viewed negatively in the workplace or
in the private lives of man, but as an opportunity for optimisation which can lead to
positive outcomes regarding stress and coping. The purpose of this research was to
investigate the relationship between Salutogenesis and Work Orientation as two
constructs of optimisation.
Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on:
o Sense of Coherence
o Hardiness
o Learned Resourcefulness.
Work Orientation was investigated by focusing on:
o Organisational Commitment
o Job Involvement
o Job Satisfaction.
In the literature survey, the personality profile of the optimally functioning person was
compiled, using the integration of the personality profile of the Salutogenic person with
the personality orientation profile of the optimally functioning worker. This was done
according to intrapersonal {cognitive, affective, conative and physical) and interpersonal
characteristics.
In the empirical investigation a battery of questionnaires dealing with the various
concepts was mailed to students. The sample {N=934) was divided into two groups,
namely Whites and Others, in order to obtain meaningful results. The battery was
subjected to factor-analysis and coefficient alpha was calculated in order to select items
on which the results could be based. Product-moment correlations for each group were
calculated for the various concepts and significant differences were determined.
LISREL-analyses were performed to conceptualise the two constructs.
The empirical findings indicate that the different concepts which constitute the two
different constructs are interrelated. The relationship between the two constructs was
confirmed by a LISREL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the two constructs
into a personality profile of the optimally functioning person according to intra- and
interpersonal characteristics. The empirical constructs could finally be integrated with
the literature profile.
The research established that Salutogenesis and Work Orientation should be regarded
as independent, yet related constructs. The integration of the literature and the
empirical findings suggests that both constructs symbolise optimisation and manifest
as intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the optimally functioning person. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial Psychology)
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Bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke in die salutogeniese paradigma / Determining personality characteristics in the salotogenic paradigmBreed, Marita 06 1900 (has links)
Afrikaans text / In hierdie navorsing is die waarde van salutogenese as paradigma in gesondheid
sielkunde krities beskou en salutogenese as konstruk ondersoek. Antonvosky (1979) se aanspraak
dat salutogenese 'n nuwe paradigma verteenwoordig, is krities teen die agtergrond van Kuhn se
wetenskapsbeskouing en die metaforiese gebruik van die paradigmabegrip in die geesteswetenskappe
geevalueer. Met die navorsing is bevind dat salutogenese wei as paradigma in gesondheidsielkunde
funksioneer. Die verskille tussen salutogenese en patogenese in terme van aannames. metodologie,
teoretiese onderbou en gedeelde waardes is om voldoende tot die slotsom te kom dat
salutogenese in die vorm van 'n mini-revolusie akkumulatief tot navorsingsprestasie bydra. Daar
word aanbeveel dat die paradigma eksplisiet gestel word ten einde navorsing volgens die
salutogeniese beginsels te rig.
Ten einde die konstruk 'salutogenese' te belig en bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke in die
salutogeniese paradigma te identifiseer, is 'n steekproef van 1983 voorgraadse
studente aan UNISA geselekteer, in twee groepe verdeel, naamlik Blankes en Ander,
en vraelyste wat koherensiebelewing, persoonlikheidsgehardheid, potensie, aangeleerde
vindingrykheid, lokus van kontrole en selfdoeltreffendheid meet, is afgeneem. Die onderliggende
dimensies van die konstrukte is deur faktorontleding blootgele. Produkmomentkorrelasies is
bereken en tweede- ordefaktorontledings en bevestigende faktoranalises is uitgevoer.
Die empiriese resultate dui daarop dat vir die Blankes aldie persoonlikheidskenmerke tot die
konstruk bygedra het, terwyl aangeleerde vindingrykheid nie by die Ander tot salutogenese bygedra
het nie. In terme van bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke is by die Blankes bevind dat
salutogenese uit twee tot drie dimensies bestaan. 'n Optimistiese lewensuitkyk, aktiewe
betrokkenheid by die omgewing, spesifieke gedragsvaardighede wat streshantering vergemaklik en 'n
persepsie van hulpbron beskikbaarheid is die ge'ldentifiseerde bepalende salutogeniese
kenmerke.
Vir die Ander het resultate aangetoon dat salutogenese 'n eendimensionele konstruk
is wat verteenwoordigend is van 'n individu wat oor 'n optimistiese lewensuitkyk beskik, stimuli
as verstaanbaar en betekenisvol waarneem en op grond daarvan aktief by die
leefwereld betrokke is. Salutogenese manifesteer dus verskillend by die onderskeie
kultuurgroepe en die onderliggende meganismes en dinamika wat tot salutogenese lei, toon oak
kulturele verskille. Bevestigende faktorontledingsresultate toon aan dat al die dimensies van
salutogenese nog nie gei"dentifiseer is nie en daar word aanbeveel dat salutogenese verder binne 'n
oorkoepelende persoonlikheidsteorie ondersoek meet word. In bedryfsielkundige praktyk kan
salutogenese gebruik word om stres weerbaarheid te verhoog. / In this research salutogenesis as new paradigm in health psychology was critically evaluated and
salutogenesis as construct was clarified. Antonovsky's claim that salutogenesis is a new paradigm
was evaluated against the background of Kuhn's view of science and the metaphorical use of the term
'paradigm' in the social sciences. This research concludes that salutogenesis is indeed a new
paradigm in health psychology. Salutogenesis and pathogenesis differ sufficiently in terms of
assumptions, methodology, specific theories and shared values that salutogenesis, as a mini
revolution, contributes to accumulative scientific performance. The paradigm should however be
stated explicitly in order to govern research according to salutogenic values.
In order to clarify salutogenesis as construct and to identify determining personality
characteristics in the salutogenic paradigm, a sample of 1983 undergraduate students from Unisa was
selected, divided into two groups, namely Whites and Other, and
questionnaires measuring sense of coherence, hardiness, potency, learned
resourcefulness, locus of control and self-efficacy were administered. Factor analysis clarified
the constructs' underlying dimensions. Product moment correlations were calculated, second-order
and confirmatory factor analysis performed in order to clarify the structure of salutogenesis.
The results identified that for the Whites all the personality characteristics contributed while
learned resourcefulness did not contribute to salutogenesis for the other group. In terms of
determining personality characteristics it was found for the White group that salutogenesis is a
two or three dimensional construct consisting of an optimistic outlook and active participation in
life's demands, specific behavioral skills that aid stress management and a perception of resource
availability.
For the other group, results indicated that salutogenesis is a unidimensional construct
which is respresentative of an individual that has an optimistic outlook on life, evaluates
stimuli as comprehensible and is actively involved in his/her own life. Salutogenesis thus manifest
differently in different cultures and the underlying mechanisms and dynamics, leading to a
salutogenic orientation, show cultural differences. Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that all
dimensions of salutogenesis have not been identified and it is recommended that salutogenesis be
studied within a broad personality theory. Salutogenesis can be used in industrial psychology to
enhance individual stress resistance. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Bedryfsielkunde)
|
30 |
Salutogenese in organisatoriese konteksViviers, Adriaan Martinus 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / Salutogenese is 'n nuwe denkrigting wat die ouer patogeniese paradigma vervang.
Daarvolgens word stres nie noodwendig in werkverband of in die mens se lewe as
negatief gesien nie, maar as optimaliseringsmoontlikheid ten einde positiewe stres- en
coping-uitkomstes te bewerkstellig. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel die ondersoek na die
verband tussen Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as optimaliseringskonstrukte.
Salutogenese is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op
o Sin vir Koherensie
o Persoonlikheidsgehardheid
o Aangeleerde Vindingrykheid.
Werkorientasie is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op
o Organisasieverbintenis
o Werkbetrokkenheid
o Werkbevrediging.
In die merra~uurron~dlerrsoelk is 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende
mens saamgestel uit die eienskappe van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaalfunksionerende
werknemer, volgens intrapersoonlike (kognitiewe, affektiewe, konatiewe
en fisiese) en interpersoonlike eienskappe.
In die empirriese cmdlerrsoelk is 'n battery bestaande uit meetinstrumente van die
konsepte, na studente uitgestuur. Die steekproef (N = 934) is in twee groepe verdeel,
te wete Blankes en Ander, ten einde betekenisvolle resultate te verkry. Die battery is
gefaktoranaliseer, alfa-koeffisiente is bepaal en items is geselekteer waarop die
resultate gebaseer is: Produkmomentkorrelasies tussen die konsepte is vir elke groep
bepaal, asook beduidende verskille tussen groepe. LISREL-ontledings is gedoen ten
einde die konseptualisering van die twee konstrukte te bepaal.
Uit die empiriese bevindings blyk dit dat die verskillende konsepte onderling verband
hou en die konstrukte verteenwoordig. Hieruit kon 'n profiel van die Salutogeniese mens
en die optimaal-funksionerende werknemer volgens intra- en interpersoonlike
eienskappe opgestel word. Die verband wat die LISREL-ontledings tussen die twee
konstrukte bevind het, het die integrering daarvan tot persoonlikheidsprofiel van die
optimaal-funksionerende mens, bevestig. Laastens is die empiriese bevindings met die
literatuurprofiel ge"integreer en daar is bevind dat daar grootliks ooreenstemming tussen
die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings bestaan.
Met die navorsing is bevind dat Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as twee afsonderlike
konstrukte bestaansreg het, maar dat dit wei oak beduidend verband met mekaar hou.
Met die integrering van die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking
gekom dat die verband tussen die twee konstrukte optimalisering simboliseer.
Dit figureer as intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe by die optimaal-funksionerende
mens. / Salutogenesis is a new approach which replaces the old pathogenic paradigm. In terms
of this approach, stress need not necessarily be viewed negatively in the workplace or
in the private lives of man, but as an opportunity for optimisation which can lead to
positive outcomes regarding stress and coping. The purpose of this research was to
investigate the relationship between Salutogenesis and Work Orientation as two
constructs of optimisation.
Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on:
o Sense of Coherence
o Hardiness
o Learned Resourcefulness.
Work Orientation was investigated by focusing on:
o Organisational Commitment
o Job Involvement
o Job Satisfaction.
In the literature survey, the personality profile of the optimally functioning person was
compiled, using the integration of the personality profile of the Salutogenic person with
the personality orientation profile of the optimally functioning worker. This was done
according to intrapersonal {cognitive, affective, conative and physical) and interpersonal
characteristics.
In the empirical investigation a battery of questionnaires dealing with the various
concepts was mailed to students. The sample {N=934) was divided into two groups,
namely Whites and Others, in order to obtain meaningful results. The battery was
subjected to factor-analysis and coefficient alpha was calculated in order to select items
on which the results could be based. Product-moment correlations for each group were
calculated for the various concepts and significant differences were determined.
LISREL-analyses were performed to conceptualise the two constructs.
The empirical findings indicate that the different concepts which constitute the two
different constructs are interrelated. The relationship between the two constructs was
confirmed by a LISREL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the two constructs
into a personality profile of the optimally functioning person according to intra- and
interpersonal characteristics. The empirical constructs could finally be integrated with
the literature profile.
The research established that Salutogenesis and Work Orientation should be regarded
as independent, yet related constructs. The integration of the literature and the
empirical findings suggests that both constructs symbolise optimisation and manifest
as intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the optimally functioning person. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial Psychology)
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