No description available.

No description available.

This is a conceptual paper that study through literature review how strategic CSR could create societal value in social enterprise. The study reviews literature on CSR Pyramid, Triple Bottom and show the intricacy of both models in the development of the concept strategic CSR. The paper further goes on to discuss several researches conduct on the concept strategic CSR. The strategic CSR model adopts from Werther and Chandler (2011) is explain thru the CSR filter - ―assessing management’s planned actions by considering the impact of day-day- tactical decisions and longer-term strategies on the organizations constituents”. It also studies the emergence of social enterprise, forms of social enterprise, role of social entrepreneur, social mission, and strategy and stakeholders involvement. The literature review ends with the concept societal which is contextualized in the concept social and economic value.The model use to help explain the framework is the CSR filter. This model is appropriate because it allows the reader to understand how strategic CSR create value in profit business. A number of books and databases in the field of Strategic Management and Social Entrepreneurship were used to acquire literature on the topic. The findings of the paper include innovation, leadership, mission, strategy and organizational structure as well as stakeholder‘s participation and these are ways how strategic CSR could use by Social Enterprise to create social and economic value.Conclusions from the literature are drawn and states that by identifying, incorporating and managing stakeholder‘s relationships does play a key role in how strategic CSR create societal value as well as the balancing of social and economic value should be taken into consideration. The paper ends with recommendations on further research on how can social enterprise measure stakeholders return? And to analyze if the balance that exist between for profit business and not for profit business should be equal.

Psychopaths have traditionally been excluded from the moral realm and have regularly been used as a paradigm case for explaining why emotions, or emotional knowledge, is necessary for the acquisition of moral knowledge. Psychopaths possess an affective deficit that results in an almost total lack of empathy. Emotionists argue that emotions (specifically empathy) are central to moral understanding, and that, since the psychopaths possess this affective deficit, they lack the capacity to acquire moral knowledge which is necessary to be morally responsible. Given recent neurological findings regarding psychopaths, I ague that Emotionists cannot use the psychopath as a case example supporting their argument that emotions are necessary for moral knowledge. I argue that despite psychopaths’ affective disorder, they possess three of the capacities (via cognitive mechanisms) considered by many to be necessary for moral responsibility. Those three capacities are the capacity to acquire moral knowledge, the capacity to be reason-responsive to moral demands, and the capacity to control one’s actions in light of moral demands and reasons. The upshot of my analysis is a rethinking of what it means to possess the right kind of emotional knowledge and a rethinking of the capabilities of psychopaths in relation to the moral realm. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The commonly held view in philosophy is that psychopaths are not morally responsible. Psychopaths amount to about 1% of the current population and up to 25% of male criminal offenders. While these numbers seem rather small in comparison to the total population, philosophers, psychologists and behavioural psychologists regularly point to psychopaths for insight into the moral realm. The main aim of this dissertation is to block the Emotionist argument that emotions are necessary for moral knowledge and argue that psychopaths, despite their affective disorder, possess three of the capacities considered by many to be necessary for moral responsibility. The three capacities are the capacity to acquire moral knowledge, the capacity to be reason-responsive to moral demands, and the capacity to control one’s actions in light of moral demands and reasons. I conclude by arguing that psychopaths are capable of moral responsibility from a cognitive standpoint and that the Emotionist argument must seek another route to establish its conclusion that emotions are necessary for moral knowledge.

In modern society, there is a generally accepted notion that corporations should be socially responsible, but there is much disagreement over what exactly "social responsibility" means. The primary area of disagreement concerns whether or not firms have a duty to consider non-owner stakeholders in their decision-making process. This paper addresses the need to quantify the benefits of socially responsible activities that provide financial returns to shareholders while still addressing the needs of non-owner stakeholders. It investigates the extent to which the reputational effects of corporate social responsibility lead to increased effectiveness of corporate lobbying expenditures, as measured by effective tax rates. This interactive effect creates a tangible economic benefit for firms, and ultimately their owners, providing an opportunity for firms to address the interests of both non-owners and owners. I expect, and find, that firms that are more socially responsible get a higher return on their lobbying expenditures than firms that are less socially responsible, reflected in lower effective tax rates. This result suggests that the competing viewpoints of the stakeholder and shareholder theories may not be as diametrically opposed as prior literature has suggested. The financial benefits that can be gained from being socially responsible may result in bottom-line profits to the shareholders, while still addressing the needs and desires of non-owner stakeholders. / Ph. D.

The problem under consideration is to determine the changes in group responsibility in a second grade as a result of concerted effort. The concerted efforts made in this experiment were telling, reading, and dramatizing stories, poems, and songs of responsibility; discussing of stories, poems, songs, and filmstrips of responsibility; the assigning of definite classroom responsibility; and the assigning of definite study responsibility. This study attempts to answer the question, how much change, positive or negative, will occur in group responsibility as a result of the above-mentioned efforts?

A growing trend among fashion companies in today’s society is to communicate their take on CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility. This trend stems from the consumers expressing demand that exceeds the products themselves. Due to this, CSR is becoming coherent in fashion companies’ business and business communication (Bartlett et al, 2011:6-12; Grafström et al, 2008:34-39).  The purpose of this study is to evaluate Acne Studios’ CSR efforts by examining their visual image communication, which is represented by their Instagram account. The study is built upon three questions of interest; (1) Which, if any, aspects of CSR has Acne Studios chosen to work with? (2) How does Acne Studios’ take on CSR reflect in their visual image communication on Instagram? (3) What is the message that Acne Studios is trying to convey with their visual image communication?   The theoretical framework of the study consists of: (1) Corporate Social Responsibility and; (2) Public Relations. Furthermore, three methods have been implemented: (1) a qualitative interview; (2) a quantitative content analysis; and (3) a qualitative semiotic analysis. The empirical material consists of an email interview with an employee at Acne Studios Headquarters and an analysis of the images from Acne Studios’ Instagram account.    The results from the interview reveal that the aspects of CSR that Acne Studios engage in are not conveyed in the company’s visual image communication on Instagram. The single CSR aspect that could be identified in both Acne Studios own image of their CSR efforts as well as in the company’s visual image communication on Instagram is that Acne Studios challenges the normative perspectives with regards to playing on masculinity/femininity. The study concludes that Acne Studios’ main message in their visual image communication on Instagram is to challenge normative perspectives in terms of gender roles.

Bakgrund: Ökat tryck från omvärlden har bidragit till att allt fler företag tillämpar och kommunicerar sitt samhällsansvar (CSR) inom de ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala aspekterna för att kunna tillfredsställa sina intressenter. Störst fokus i praktiken hamnar dock på den externa kommunikationen av CSR-arbetet och mindre engagemang läggs på den interna kommunikationen. Detta bidrar till att de anställda utelämnas trots att de bedriver den direkta kommunikationen med kunderna som är den värdefullaste intressenten för företagens framgång. Syfte: Uppsatsen syftar i att skapa en ökad förståelse för hur den interna kommunikationen fungerar mellan ledning och butiksnivå gällande budskap och arbete kring CSR inom ett modeföretag. Uppsatsen avser även att utreda om det förekommer brister i den interna kommunikationen angående CSR-arbetet. Frågeställning: Hur fungerar den interna kommunikationen kring CSR-arbetet inom ett modeföretag? Metod: Induktiv ansats med ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt i form av fem intervjuer med personer på olika nivåer inom organisationen. Slutsats: Uppsatsens resultat finner ett mönster som genererar iii-modellen där den centrala delen hamnar på butikschefernas roll, hur pass involverade, informerade och intresserade de är av företagets CSR-arbete. Butiksanställda tenderar till att påverkas av och anamma samma beteende som butikscheferna vilket avgör vilken roll de antar som CSR-kommunikatörer ut mot företagens viktigaste intressenter, kunderna. Studien påvisar att modeföretaget behöver förbättra sin interna kommunikationsprocess för attde butiksanställda ska kunna agera CSR-kommunikatörer.

Aim Companies around the world are making sizeable investments into CSR initiatives, but ensuring appropriate returns on these investments remains challenging. Therefore, it is of value to study the communication of corporate CSR efforts. The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers react to rational versus emotional message strategies in CSR communication. Two categories of consumer reactions were considered: trust and purchase intention. Methods Qualitative research with four focus groups was conducted. Participants discussed three texts regarding a CSR project, utilising a rational, emotional and a hybrid rational-emotional message strategy respectively. The conversations focused on trust towards the communication and purchase intention. Results Trust - All of the respondents viewed the rational text over the emotional text as more trustworthy, but they most positively reacted to the combined strategy. Rational information was viewed as more reliable by many participants, with emotional cues adding value by better holding their attention. Purchase intention – Participants more positively reacted to the rational CSR communication strategy, compared to an emotional strategy. For approximately half of respondents, the hybrid strategy targeting both rational and emotional cues was the most successful in terms of purchase intention. Upon further analysis, it was identified that this division in respondents’ opinions may reflect a gender difference, where men portrayed the more task oriented and women the socially sensitive consumers. Conclusions The findings support previous research championing the use of rational strategies over emotional strategies in CSR communication. A number of managerial implications that can be used by companies in order to better communicate their CSR activities and increase returns on CSR-related investments are provided.

In the staffing agency business, the responsibility of the working environment are divided between the client companies and the staffing agencies. Therefore the temporary workers should be double protected, but the consequences are that the responsibility of the working environment falls between the cracks in many businesses.The purpose of the essay is to examine how the workers in industrial businesses from the staffing agency are protected by the shared responsibility that exists between the client companies and the staffing agencies, regarding work environment. To be able to answer this questions, the legal method is used.The conclusion of this essay is that the temporary workers are protected by the Work Environment Act, stating that the staffing agency and the client company have a responsibility for the employee´s work environment. Since the staffing agency is the employer, they have the largest work environment responsibility. This means, however, that staffing agencies are in a special situation because they are not in the place where the employee works. Since the client company is equated with an employer according to 1 § SAM, the systematic work environment is shared equally between the client companies and staffing agencies. On the grounds that there is a lack of clarity concerning who is responsible for what from the both parties, it leads to that the working environment responsibility are neglected. It also depends on the fierce competition that exists between various staffing companies today, which means that staffing companies do not always take part of the client companies' risk assessments or requirements on the grounds that they are afraid of losing the customer. This results that the temporary employees do not get the protection that the Work Environment Act is intended to give them.