Objetivos: Os objetivos desta Dissertação foram avaliar o sucesso de duas terapias de mínima intervenção (Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático - ART e Capeamento Pulpar Indireto - CPI) no tratamento de lesões cariosas oclusoproximais, ativas em dentina de molares decíduos; avaliar o desempenho clínico das restaurações e a sua relação com a atividade de cárie do paciente. Métodos: Trinta e duas crianças de 4 a 7 anos participaram do estudo, sendo aleatoriamente alocadas em um dos grupos experimentais: CPI - anestesia local, isolamento absoluto, remoção de tecido cariado com instrumentos rotatórios e restauração com resina composta; ART - sem anestesia, isolamento relativo, remoção de tecido cariado com instrumentos manuais e restauração com cimento de ionômero de vidro. Em ambos grupos foi removido apenas o tecido cariado irreversivelmente desmineralizado. O sucesso das terapias de mínima intervenção foi avaliado clinica e radiograficamente após 6 meses. Aos 3 e 6 meses, a performance das restaurações foi avaliada, segundo critérios do USPHS, inter e intra-grupo, nos quais, todo o dente que apresentou pelo menos um escore C para qualquer um dos parâmetros avaliados foi considerado como fracasso da restauração. Coloração e consistência foram os parâmetros utilizados para avaliação da atividade de cárie do paciente. Resultados: Após 6 meses, o ART mostrou significativamente pior desempenho clínico do que o CPI, considerando todas as variáveis estudadas: integridade marginal (p=0.04), forma anatômica (p= 0.01), rugosidade superficial (p=0.01) e perda do material (p= 0.04). Quando utilizados escores do USPHS dicotomizados em falha (escore C) e sucesso (escore A e B), a taxa de sucesso do ART (37,5%) foi significativamente menor (p=0.03) do que a do CPI (75%). Os dois tratamentos apresentaram 100% de sucesso em termos de manutenção da saúde pulpar, clínica e radiograficamente. No grupo do CPI, as restaurações em pacientes com atividade de cárie apresentaram pior desempenho clínico do que as restaurações de paciente sem atividade de cárie (p=0.04). Conclusão: As duas técnicas foram efetivas na manutenção da saúde pulpar. Nas condições desse estudo, o CPI foi superior ao ART no tratamento restaurador de lesões ocluso-proximais de molares decíduos. / Objectives: The aims of the investigation were to test the difference in clinical and radiographic success of two minimally invasive procedures (Atraumatic Restorative Treatment-ART and Indirect Pulp Treatment- IPT); the difference regarding clinical performance of the two treatments and its relation with child caries activity. Methods: Thirty two 4-7-year-old children with at least one active deep class II caries lesion on a primary molar were randomly assigned to one of the treatment group: ART Group - only hand instruments, no anesthesia and glass ionomer cement; IPT Group - local anesthesia, rubber dam, rotary instruments and composite resin. In both groups, only the demineralized carious tissue and unsupported enamel were removed. USPHS criteria were used to assess restoration performance. Color and consistence were used to assess caries activity. Results: After 6 months, ART showed significantly worse clinical performance than IPT considering marginal integrity (p=0.04), anatomical form (p=0.01), surface texture (p=0.01) and loss of material (p= 0.04). When USPHS scores were dichotomized into failure (C score) and success (A+B scores) the success rate of ART restorations was significantly worse (p=0.03) than the success rate for IPT restorations (37.5% and 75%, respectively). However, both treatments had 100% success in terms of preservation of pulp tissue, clinically and radiographically. The presence of caries activity in children resulted in lower success rate for the CPI restorations (p=0.04). Conclusions: ART with conventional GIC resulted in restorations of limited longevity. In the conditions of the present clinical trial, IPT was superior to ART in restoring class II caries lesions and may represent an alternative for treating such lesions using minimally invasive approach.

The partial removal of carious dentine was studied by means of a literature review and a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. The clinical trial compared the effectiveness of an alternative treatment for deep caries lesions and the stepwise excavation in Public Health Services in Brazil. The treatment consists of partial removal of carious dentine followed by restoration in one session. A cost-effectiveness analysis the two treatments was performed. The clinical performance of amalgam and resin restorations placed in deep caries lesions with or without decayed tissue beneath them was also evaluated. Inclusion criteria: patients with ≥ nine years old, permanent molars with deep caries lesions and absence of periapical alterations, pulp sensitivity; absence of spontaneous pain; negative percussion test. The subjects were assigned to: test-group - partial removal of carious dentine (PDR) and restoration, and control-group - stepwise excavation (SW). SW consists of partial removal of carious tissue, indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide cement; temporary filling; cavity re-opening after 60 days, removal of the remaining soft carious tissue and filling. Clinical and radiological exams were performed annually. The outcomes were: (1) pulp sensitivity to cold test and absence of periapical alterations, assuming those parameters as indicators of pulp vitality; and (2) success of the restoration. To determine the cost-effectiveness of the treatments, the discounted cash flow method was adopted. The data were submitted to Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank test and logistic regression analysis, P<0.05. There were performed 299 treatments, 146 SW and 153 tests. There were no differences between the groups regarding baseline characteristics - age, gender and family income. The number of teeth evaluated after one and two years were 180 and 122. After one year of treatment performance, the therapy success rates were 97.9% and 74.1% of success in test and control groups respectively (P<0.000). After 2 years of follow-up, therapy survival rates of PDR and SW were 93.7% and 73.3% respectively (P=0.000). A total of 29 therapeutic failures were observed: PDR group - pulpitis (n=3), osteitis (n=1), hyperemia (n=2); SW group - pulpitis (n=15), necrosis (n=6), extraction (n=1) and restoration fracture (n=1). None of the variables studied showed a significant causal influence on the success rate, besides the type of treatment. After two year of follow-up, 181 restorations had been evaluated, 86 from the SW group and 95 from the PDR group; 65.8% were from the resin composite group and 34.2% were amalgam restorations. The survival analysis of the treatment associated with the filling material showed no difference in the rate of success (P=0.564). Regarding the treatment, both groups presented a similar rate of success: SW=95.3% and PDR=94.7% (P=0.928). Resin composite restorations presented 96.8% of success and amalgam restorations presented 94.1% of success (P=0.446). The reason for failure was fracture of filling material. The PDR provides an economy of R$ 143.37 (67.78%) per treatment compare to SW and 2.39% in the overall economy in the annual cost of the public health center. Partial caries removal could be performed as definitive treatment and the procedure of re-opening the cavity to remove the residual infected dentine is not necessary. The maintenance of carious dentine does not interfere in the maintenance of pulp vitality. The presence of decayed tissue in deep caries lesions does not seem to interfere with the survival of the restorations. Performing the partial removal of carious dentine in one session generates benefits for the public finances (direct economy), for the public health services (increase in number of treatments performed) and for the patients (comfort and time).

The partial removal of carious dentine was studied by means of a literature review and a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. The clinical trial compared the effectiveness of an alternative treatment for deep caries lesions and the stepwise excavation in Public Health Services in Brazil. The treatment consists of partial removal of carious dentine followed by restoration in one session. A cost-effectiveness analysis the two treatments was performed. The clinical performance of amalgam and resin restorations placed in deep caries lesions with or without decayed tissue beneath them was also evaluated. Inclusion criteria: patients with ≥ nine years old, permanent molars with deep caries lesions and absence of periapical alterations, pulp sensitivity; absence of spontaneous pain; negative percussion test. The subjects were assigned to: test-group - partial removal of carious dentine (PDR) and restoration, and control-group - stepwise excavation (SW). SW consists of partial removal of carious tissue, indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide cement; temporary filling; cavity re-opening after 60 days, removal of the remaining soft carious tissue and filling. Clinical and radiological exams were performed annually. The outcomes were: (1) pulp sensitivity to cold test and absence of periapical alterations, assuming those parameters as indicators of pulp vitality; and (2) success of the restoration. To determine the cost-effectiveness of the treatments, the discounted cash flow method was adopted. The data were submitted to Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank test and logistic regression analysis, P<0.05. There were performed 299 treatments, 146 SW and 153 tests. There were no differences between the groups regarding baseline characteristics - age, gender and family income. The number of teeth evaluated after one and two years were 180 and 122. After one year of treatment performance, the therapy success rates were 97.9% and 74.1% of success in test and control groups respectively (P<0.000). After 2 years of follow-up, therapy survival rates of PDR and SW were 93.7% and 73.3% respectively (P=0.000). A total of 29 therapeutic failures were observed: PDR group - pulpitis (n=3), osteitis (n=1), hyperemia (n=2); SW group - pulpitis (n=15), necrosis (n=6), extraction (n=1) and restoration fracture (n=1). None of the variables studied showed a significant causal influence on the success rate, besides the type of treatment. After two year of follow-up, 181 restorations had been evaluated, 86 from the SW group and 95 from the PDR group; 65.8% were from the resin composite group and 34.2% were amalgam restorations. The survival analysis of the treatment associated with the filling material showed no difference in the rate of success (P=0.564). Regarding the treatment, both groups presented a similar rate of success: SW=95.3% and PDR=94.7% (P=0.928). Resin composite restorations presented 96.8% of success and amalgam restorations presented 94.1% of success (P=0.446). The reason for failure was fracture of filling material. The PDR provides an economy of R$ 143.37 (67.78%) per treatment compare to SW and 2.39% in the overall economy in the annual cost of the public health center. Partial caries removal could be performed as definitive treatment and the procedure of re-opening the cavity to remove the residual infected dentine is not necessary. The maintenance of carious dentine does not interfere in the maintenance of pulp vitality. The presence of decayed tissue in deep caries lesions does not seem to interfere with the survival of the restorations. Performing the partial removal of carious dentine in one session generates benefits for the public finances (direct economy), for the public health services (increase in number of treatments performed) and for the patients (comfort and time).

The partial removal of carious dentine was studied by means of a literature review and a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. The clinical trial compared the effectiveness of an alternative treatment for deep caries lesions and the stepwise excavation in Public Health Services in Brazil. The treatment consists of partial removal of carious dentine followed by restoration in one session. A cost-effectiveness analysis the two treatments was performed. The clinical performance of amalgam and resin restorations placed in deep caries lesions with or without decayed tissue beneath them was also evaluated. Inclusion criteria: patients with ≥ nine years old, permanent molars with deep caries lesions and absence of periapical alterations, pulp sensitivity; absence of spontaneous pain; negative percussion test. The subjects were assigned to: test-group - partial removal of carious dentine (PDR) and restoration, and control-group - stepwise excavation (SW). SW consists of partial removal of carious tissue, indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide cement; temporary filling; cavity re-opening after 60 days, removal of the remaining soft carious tissue and filling. Clinical and radiological exams were performed annually. The outcomes were: (1) pulp sensitivity to cold test and absence of periapical alterations, assuming those parameters as indicators of pulp vitality; and (2) success of the restoration. To determine the cost-effectiveness of the treatments, the discounted cash flow method was adopted. The data were submitted to Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank test and logistic regression analysis, P<0.05. There were performed 299 treatments, 146 SW and 153 tests. There were no differences between the groups regarding baseline characteristics - age, gender and family income. The number of teeth evaluated after one and two years were 180 and 122. After one year of treatment performance, the therapy success rates were 97.9% and 74.1% of success in test and control groups respectively (P<0.000). After 2 years of follow-up, therapy survival rates of PDR and SW were 93.7% and 73.3% respectively (P=0.000). A total of 29 therapeutic failures were observed: PDR group - pulpitis (n=3), osteitis (n=1), hyperemia (n=2); SW group - pulpitis (n=15), necrosis (n=6), extraction (n=1) and restoration fracture (n=1). None of the variables studied showed a significant causal influence on the success rate, besides the type of treatment. After two year of follow-up, 181 restorations had been evaluated, 86 from the SW group and 95 from the PDR group; 65.8% were from the resin composite group and 34.2% were amalgam restorations. The survival analysis of the treatment associated with the filling material showed no difference in the rate of success (P=0.564). Regarding the treatment, both groups presented a similar rate of success: SW=95.3% and PDR=94.7% (P=0.928). Resin composite restorations presented 96.8% of success and amalgam restorations presented 94.1% of success (P=0.446). The reason for failure was fracture of filling material. The PDR provides an economy of R$ 143.37 (67.78%) per treatment compare to SW and 2.39% in the overall economy in the annual cost of the public health center. Partial caries removal could be performed as definitive treatment and the procedure of re-opening the cavity to remove the residual infected dentine is not necessary. The maintenance of carious dentine does not interfere in the maintenance of pulp vitality. The presence of decayed tissue in deep caries lesions does not seem to interfere with the survival of the restorations. Performing the partial removal of carious dentine in one session generates benefits for the public finances (direct economy), for the public health services (increase in number of treatments performed) and for the patients (comfort and time).

Introdução: A crescente demanda por restaurações estéticas possibilitou novas escolhas de tratamento para restaurar dentes posteriores com extensa destruição coronária. Os tratamentos destes dentes podem envolver restaurações diretas com resina composta ou indiretas do tipo onlays, fabricadas com cerâmica pura ou resina composta. Porém, dados clínicos sobre a longevidade de restaurações com recobrimento de cúspides comparando as técnicas direta e indireta e os materiais resina composta e cerâmica são raros. Objetivo: Realizar uma avaliação clínica retrospectiva de restaurações diretas (resina composta) e indiretas (resina composta e cerâmica) com envolvimento de cúspides utilizando o método FDI. Metodologia: Foram avaliadas 229 restaurações em 121 pacientes (37 homens e 84 mulheres) que receberam pelo menos uma restauração direta de resina composta com recobrimento de pelo menos uma cúspide ou uma onlay de cerômero ou cerâmica entre os anos de 2003 e 2016. A avaliação visual foi feita por um examinador previamente calibrado pelo coeficiente Kappa, utilizando-se os critérios do método FDI. Os dados foram analizados através do método Kaplan-Meier, da análise de regressão de Cox multivariada e do teste Kruskal-Wallis (p <0.05). Resultados: Entre as restaurações avaliadas foram detectadas 69 falhas. As restaurações obtiveram uma taxa de sucesso de 69,9%, com taxa anual de falha (AFR) de 8,0%. Restaurações diretas de resina composta apresentaram 34,1% de falha, com AFR de 9,6%. Onlays em cerômero apresentaram 27,3% de falha, com AFR de 7,1%. Onlays de cerâmica apresentaram 28,8% de falha com AFR de 7,6%. Restaurações em homens falharam mais do que em mulheres. A causa mais comum de falha foi fratura e retenção, ocorrendo em 48 casos (69,56% das falhas). Conclusão: Restaurações diretas de resina composta e indiretas de cerômero ou cerâmica demonstraram longevidade semelhante, independente do número de cúspides envolvidas. Restaurações indiretas tiveram menor índice de falha anual do que restaurações diretas, apresentando melhor desempenho na avaliação qualitativa. Pacientes mulheres apresentaram menor prevalência e menor risco de falha de restaurações do que pacientes do sexo masculino. / Introduction: The increasing demand for aesthetic restorations had enabled new treatment choices to restore posterior teeth with extensive coronary destruction. The treatments of these teeth involve direct composite restoration or indirect onlays, made with ceramic or composite. However, clinical data on the longevity of cuspal restorations comparing direct or indirect techniques and the materials are rare. Objective: To perform a retrospective clinical evaluation of direct restorations (composite resin) and indirect restorations (composite resin and ceramics) with cuspal involvement using the FDI criteria. Methodology: 229 restorations were evaluated in 121 patients (37 men and 84 women) who received at least one direct composite restoration with envolvement of at least one cusp or ceramic and composite onlays among the years 2003 and 2016. The visual evaluation was done by an examiner previous calibrated by the Kappa coefficient, using the FDI criteria. Data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, multivariated Cox regression analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Results: Among the evaluated restorations, 69 failures were detected. Restorations achieved a survival rate of 69.9%, with annual failure rate (AFR) of 8.0%. Direct composite restorations presented a 34.1% failure, with AFR of 9.6%. Composite onlays presented 27.3% of failure, with AFR of 7.1%. Ceramic onlays showed a 28.8% failure rate with AFR of 7.6%. Restorations in men have failed more than in women. The most common reason for failure was fracture of the material and retention, occuring in 48 cases (69.56% of failures). Conclusion: Direct and indirect restorations showed similar longevity, regardless of the number of cusps involved. Indirect restorations had lower annual failure rate than direct restorations, presenting better performance in the qualitative analisys. Female patients presented lower prevalence and lower risk of failure of restorations than male.

A técnica da remoção seletiva de tecido cariado (RSTC) para lesões de cárie profundas em dentina de dentes decíduos e permanentes, já é consenso na literatura e é sustentada por pesquisas que demonstram excelentes resultados clínicos, radiográficos e microbiológicos. No entanto, a longevidade de restaurações adesivas realizadas após a RSTC, principalmente na dentição decídua, vem gerando algumas dúvidas e preocupações quanto ao seu desempenho, merecendo esclarecimentos. O objetivo deste estudo randomizado, controlado e multicêntrico foi comparar a taxa de sucesso de restaurações adesivas realizadas em dentes decíduos posteriores após a remoção total (RTTC) ou seletiva (RSTC) de tecido cariado ao longo de 30 meses. Métodos: Crianças de 4 a 8 anos de idade portadoras de pelo menos duas lesões cavitadas ativas em metade interna de dentina (metade interna da dentina na avaliação do RX interproximal e com pelo menos 1mm de dentina separando a lesão cariosa da polpa) e que se enquadrassem nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão participaram do estudo. Para cada criança os dentes (no mínimo dois, mas podendo ser mais) foram aleatoriamente divididos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: RTTC (grupo controle) ou RSTC (grupo teste). Nos casos em que ocorreu exposição pulpar, o dente foi devidamente tratado e excluído da amostra, os dados em relação ao tipo de remoção de tecido cariado que levou à exposição foram coletados. Quatro instituições participaram do estudo (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade de São Paulo; Universidade Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Universidade Internacional do Equador), resultando em quatro odontopediatras que realizaram os procedimentos de remoção de tecido cariado e posterior restauração em resina composta, avaliadas clinicamente no baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24 e 30 meses. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados sob anestesia local e isolamento absoluto. Características sociodemográficas foram coletadas no baseline e características clínicas como índice ceod/CPOD, índice de placa visível (IPV) e índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) foram coletados em todos os períodos de acompanhamento. Em todos os momentos experimentais foram avaliados os aspectos clínicos das restaurações por um examinador cego e calibrado através do índice FDI adaptado. Para determinar as taxas de sucesso das restaurações de resina composta foram geradas curvas de sobrevida com o estimador Kaplan-Meyer para cada grupo avaliado, assim como as taxas de falha anual das restaurações. O modelo de regressão de Cox com falhas compartilhadas foi realizado para avaliar diferenças nas taxas de sobrevida das restaurações de acordo com o tratamento, instituição e características clínicas e demográficas da amostra. Resultados: Cento e seis crianças (51 meninos e 55 meninas) colaboraram com 278 dentes submetidos a restaurações adesivas, 137 após RTTC e 141 após RSTC. Oito exposições pulpares ocorreram no grupo da RTTC e quatro no grupo da RSTC. A taxa global de sucesso das restaurações foi 87,1% (85,4% para RTTC e 88,7% para RSTC) e o tempo médio de sobrevida foi de 30 meses. A taxa anual de falha foi de 7% após 24 meses de acompanhamento. Não houve diferença no risco de falha (TR) de acordo com o grupo de tratamento (TR 0,75; IC 95%: 0,38-1,46) e instituição (USP TR 0,44; IC 95%: 0,94-2,09; PERU TR 0,92; IC 95%: 0,26-3,19 EQUADOR TR 1,39; IC 95%: 0,45-4,28). Foram encontradas observações análogas em relação a todas as variáveis clínicas e demográficas. Conclusões: As restaurações adesivas realizadas em dentes decíduos com lesões cavitadas profundas em dentina apresentam sobrevida satisfatória após 33 meses de acompanhamento, independentemente da técnica realizada para remoção de tecido cariado. / The selective caries removal technique (SCR) for active deep carious lesions in deciduous and permanent teeth is already a consensus in the literature and is supported by studies that demonstrate excellent clinical, radiographic and microbiological results. However, the longevity of restorations performed after the SCR, mainly in primary dentition, has generated some doubts and concerns about its performance, deserving clarification. This multicenter study aimed to compare the success rate of adhesive restorations performed on posterior deciduous teeth after total or selective caries removal over 30 months Methods: Children between 4 - 8 years old with at least two active cavitated lesions in deep dentin (inner half of the dentin in the evaluation of the interproximal RX and with at least 1mm of dentin separating the carious lesion of the pulp) and that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in the study. For each child, teeth were randomized and submitted to one of the treatment groups: total caries removal (TCR - control group) or SCR (test group). Children could have more than 2 teeth included. In cases of pulp exposure, data were analyzed and the tooth was excluded from the sample. Four institutions participated in the study (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Peruvian University Cayetano Heredia and International Universidad of Ecuador), resulting in four pediatric dentists who performed the caries removal procedures and subsequent restorations in composite resin. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia and rubber dam use. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected at the baseline and clinical characteristics as dmft and visible plaque and gingival bleeding index were collected in all follow-up periods. Radiographs were taken only at baseline and restorations were clinically assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 33 months by a blinded, trained and calibrated operator in each institution. The characteristics of the restorations were recorded according to an adaptation of the FDI criteria. Survival estimates for restoration longevity were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We also estimated the annual failure rate of the restorations. Cox regression model with shared frailty was performed to assess differences in survival rates of the restoration according to the intervention treatment, institution and clinical and demographic characteristics of the sample. Results: one hundred and six children (51 boys and 55 girls) collaborated with 278 teeth submitted to adhesive restorations (137 after TCR and 141 after SCR). Pulp exposure occurred in eight teeth (2.8%) allocated to TCR, and in four (1.4%) allocated to SCR group. The overall success rate of restorations was 87.1% (85.4% for TCR and 88.7% for SCR) and mean survival time was 30.3 months. The annual failure rate was 7% after 24 months of follow-up. There were no differences in the risk of failure according to the treatment group (HR 0.75;95%CI:0.38-1.46) and institution (USP HR 0.44;95%CI:0.94-2.09; PERU HR 0.92;95%CI:0.26-3.19; ECUADOR HR 1.39;95%CI:0.45-4.28). Analogous observations were found regarding all the clinical and demographic variables. Conclusions: Composite restorations of active deep carious lesions performed in posterior primary teeth show satisfactory survival of 87.1% after 33 months of follow-up, regardless of the technique performed for carious tissue removal.

Objetivo Investigar os fatores associados com a falha de restaurações em dentes decíduos e se o reparo pode aumentar a sobrevida de restaurações defeituosas realizadas em crianças com alto risco de cárie. Materiais e métodos A amostra incluiu crianças atendidas em um serviço de atendimento odontológico universitário que necessitavam realizar tratamentos restauradores em dentes decíduos. A coleta de dados se deu de modo retrospectivo a partir de informações coletadas em prontuários clínicos. Informações no nível individual (sexo, idade, IPV, ISG, ceo-d, perfil de cárie) e de tratamento (tipo dental, número de superfícies, tipo de material, tratamento endodôntico), bem como as datas dos procedimentos e da última consulta, foram coletados para análise da longevidade das restaurações e fatores associados à falha. Os resultados foram avaliados em dois níveis: “Sucesso” (Nível 1) – quando qualquer intervenção na restauração foi considerada como falha; “Sobrevida” (Nível 2) – quando restaurações reparadas foram consideradas clinicamente aceitáveis. O teste de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier foi usado para analisar a longevidade das restaurações. A Regressão Multivariada de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada foi usada para avaliar fatores associados às falha (p<0.05). Resultados Um total de 584 restaurações realizadas em dentes decíduos foram incluídas na análise. A sobrevida de restaurações após 36 meses, quando qualquer intervenção foi considerada falha, foi de 34.8% (TFA 29,6%). Quando o reparo não foi considerado falha, essa sobrevida chegou a 43.7% (TFA 24.1%). Houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo na longevidade das restaurações quando o reparo não foi considerado como falha (p<0.001). Restaurações que envolviam múltiplas faces apresentaram significativamente mais falhas que restaurações que envolviam apenas uma face (HR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.18; 2.41), e dentes tratados endodonticamente apresentaram mais falhas comparados aos dentes vitais (HR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.35; 3.65). Conclusão De modo geral, os resultados do presente estudo mostraram a limitada sobrevida das restaurações em uma população com alto risco de cárie. O reparo aumentou a sobrevida de restaurações primárias defeituosas em dentes decíduos. Relevância Clínica O reparo é um tratamento restaurador menos invasivo e tecnicamente mais simples que aumenta a longevidade de restaurações em dentes decíduos. / Objective We investigated factors associated with failure of primary teeth restorations and whether repair may increase the survival of failed restorations placed in high-caries risk children. Materials and methods The sample comprised children who attended a university dental service to perform restorative treatments in primary teeth. Data was collected retrospectively from clinical records to assess the longevity of restorations. The outcomes were calculated in two levels: “Success” (Level 1) – when any re-intervention in the restoration was considered as failure; “Survival” (Level 2) – when repaired restorations were considered clinically acceptable. The Kaplan-Meier survival test was used to analyze the longevity of restorations. Multivariate Cox regression with shared frailty was used to assess factors associated with failures (p<0.05). Results A total of 584 restorations placed in primary teeth were included in the analysis. The survival of restorations up to 36 months when any re-intervention was considered failure was 34.8% (AFR 29.6%). When repair was not considered as failure, its survival reached 43.7% (AFR 24.1%). There was a statistically significant increase in restoration longevity when repair was not considered as failure (p<0.001). Multi-surface restorations showed significantly more failures than single-surface ones (HR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.18; 2.41), and endodontically treated teeth presented more failures compared to vital teeth (HR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.35; 3.65). Conclusion Overall, the results of the present study showed a restricted survival of restorations in high-caries risk children. Repair increased the survival of primary teeth restorations over time. Clinical Relevance Repair is more conservative and technically simple restorative treatment that increases the suvival of restorations in primary teeth.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma avaliação clínica retrospectiva de restaurações diretas de resina composta de classe III, IV e V em dentes anteriores e pré-molares utilizando os métodos USPHS e FDI. Oitenta e sete pacientes foram selecionados através de uma pesquisa dos prontuários presentes no Setor de Acolhimento da Faculdade com restaurações realizadas entre 2000 a 2013 que possuíam um período mínimo em boca de 6 meses. Foram incluídos pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos que receberam tratamento com restaurações de classe III, IV ou V realizadas com as resinas compostas: Charisma, Z350 XT, Durafill VS, Esthet-X HD, Fillmagic e Opallis; realizadas com sistema adesivo convencional; em dentes vitais ou não vitais. Aqueles pacientes que possuíam higiene oral precária ou com necessidades especiais não foram incluídos no estudo. A avaliação clínica foi feita através dos métodos USPHS e FDI modificados por um examinador calibrado. A análise de sobrevivência das restaurações foi realizada através do método Kaplan-Meier e teste Log-Rank para comparação entre os grupos. A regressão de Cox multivariada e Hazard Ratio foram empregadas para verificar os fatores associados à falha das restaurações. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Foram avaliadas 272 restaurações, com um intervalo de tempo em boca de 8 meses até 13 anos (média - 4,8 anos). Foram avaliadas 120 restaurações classe III, entre elas, 15 apresentaram falhas (12,5%), com uma taxa de falha anual de 2,74%. Já para as restaurações de classe IV, realizou-se a avaliação de 80 restaurações, 38 demonstraram falhas (47,5%), como uma taxa de falha anual de 12,6%. E para as de classe V, foram analisadas 72 restaurações, sendo observada a presença de falhas em 27 delas (37,5%), com uma taxa de falha anual de 9,3%. O motivo mais comum de falha foi por fratura e/ou retenção para as três classes, ocorrendo em 73 casos. Dentes não vitais demonstraram 50% de falha em um tempo médio de 4,8 anos com uma taxa de falha anual de 13,4%; enquanto os dentes vitais apresentaram 28,1% de falha com uma taxa de falha anual de 6,6%. A regressão de Cox revelou associação entre marca comercial do compósito, classe da restauração e vitalidade pulpar com falha das restaurações. Conclui-se que restaurações de resina composta demonstraram um desempenho clínico satisfatório ao longo do tempo, apresentando sucesso em 70,6% dos casos em uma média de 4,8 anos, sendo que as de classe III apresentaram melhor desempenho clínico que classe V e classe IV e as restaurações em dentes desvitalizados apresentaram 2,37 vezes mais risco de falhas que restaurações em dentes vitais. Os principais motivos de falha para todos os tipos de restauração foi por fratura e/ou perda de retenção. Os dois métodos (USPHS e FDI) se demonstraram eficazes no processo de avaliação clínica em restaurações em dentes anteriores. / The aim of this study was to evaluate direct composite restorations Class III, IV, V in anterior teeth and premolars through the USPHS and FDI methods. Eighty-seven patients were selected through a search of the patients’ records present in the School of Dentistry. Restorations performed between 2000 to 2013 which a minimum of six months in mouth were selected. Adult patients of both sexes were included, who received treatment with restorations class III, IV or V with the follow composites: Charisma, Z350 XT, Durafill VS, Esthet-X HD, Fillmagic and Opallis; all restorations with total etch adhesive system; on vital and non-vital teeth. Patients with poor oral hygiene or special needs were not included in the study. Clinical evaluation was performed by USPHS and FDI modified methods, by one calibrated examiner. The survival of the restorations was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to compare the groups, and multivariate Cox regression and hazard ratio were employed to identify factors associated with the failure of the restorations. The significance level was 5%. 272 restorations were evaluated with a time interval in service from 8 months to 13 years (mean 4.8 years). 120 class III restorations were evaluated, among them, 15 had failures (12.5%), with an annual failure rate of 2.74%. For the class IV type, 80 restorations were evaluated, 38 demonstrated failures (47.5%), with an annual failure rate of 12.6%. And for the class V, 72 restorations were analyzed, being observed the presence of failures in 27 of them (37.5%), with annual failure rate of 9.3% .The most common reason for failure was fracture or retention loss, for the three types of classes, occurring in 73 cases. Non-vital teeth showed 50% of failure in an average of 4.8 years, with an annual failure rate of 13.4%; while the vital teeth showed 28.1% of failure, with an annual failure rate of 6.6%. Cox regression revealed an association between brands, class type and tooth vitality with failures of the restorations. It was concluded that composite restorations showed a satisfactory clinical performance over time, with success in 70.6% of cases in a mean time of 4.8 years. Class III showed better clinical performance than class IV and V. Non-vital teeth restorations had 2.37 times the risk of failures than vital teeth. The main reasons for failure for all types of restoration was fracture and / or retention loss. Both methods (USPHS and FDI) demonstrated efficient in the process of clinical evaluation for anterior teeth.

Objetivo: Avaliar a longevidade e os possíveis fatores associados com as falhas de procedimentos restauradores adesivos diretos realizados em molares permanentes jovens portadores de lesões cariosas ativas profundas em dentina submetidos a remoção parcial (RPTC) ou total (RTTC) de tecido cariado. Métodos: A amostra de tipo censo foi composta por restaurações adesivas realizadas em molares permanentes jovens portadores de lesões cariosas ativas profundas em dentina submetidos à RPTC ou RTTC por alunos dos Cursos de Graduação e de Especialização em Odontopediatria da FO-UFRGS, Porto Alegre - RS. Foram avaliados possíveis fatores associados à sobrevida destas restaurações, tais como experiência de cárie (CPOD), índices de placa visível (IPV) e sangramento gengival (ISG), número de superfícies restauradas, nível de formação académica dos operadores e materiais capeadores e restauradores. Foi utilizada uma Curva de Sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier com teste de log-rank para analisar a longevidade das restaurações, e a Análise de regressão multivariada de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada para avaliar os fatores associados a falhas (p <0,05). Resultados: De 372 fichas clínicas, foram incluídos para análise 477 procedimentos restauradores adesivos realizados em 297 pacientes (9.14 1.75 anos). A sobrevida das restaurações alcançou um índice de 57,9% em até 36 meses de acompanhamento, com uma taxa de falha anual (TFA) de 16,7%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando a RTTC ou a RPTC foi realizada (p = 0,163). O modelo ajustado mostrou que os pacientes com gengivite (ISG> 20%) apresentaram 2,88 vezes mais risco de falha em suas restaurações (p = 0,007). Restaurações com mais de duas superfícies envolvidas apresentaram 3 vezes mais risco de falha do que aquelas com uma única superfície, enquanto que as restaurações realizadas com cimento ionómero de vidro modificado por resina (CIVRM) apresentaram 4,11 vezes mais chance de falha do que as realizadas com resina composta (RC). Conclusão: O tipo de material restaurador, o número de superfícies restauradas e índice de sangramento gengival influenciaram na taxa de sobrevida das restaurações realizadas em lesões de cárie profunda em dentes permanentes jovens, independentemente da técnica de remoção de cárie utilizada. A falha restauradora, a qual foi determinada por uma subsequente anotação na ficha clínica de perda ou fratura da restauração, foi a principal causa de insucesso nos procedimentos restauradores adesivos, independentemente de ser removido ou não totalmente o tecido cariado. / Objective: To evaluate the longevity and factors associated with failures of restorations performed in permanent molars after complete (CCR) and partial caries removal (PCR). Methods: The sample was composed by adhesive restorations performed in deep caries lesion of permanent teeth that had been treated with CCR or PCR by undergraduate and graduate students in a public pediatric dental clinic. Factors such as caries experience (DMFT), visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding (GBI) indexes, number of restored surfaces, type of capping and restorative materials were investigated. Kaplan–Meier survival curve with log-rank test was used to analyze the longevity of restorations. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to assess the factors associated with failures (p<0.05). Results: 477 restorations placed in 297 children (9.14 1.75 years) were included in the analysis. The survival of restorations reached 57.9% up to 36 months of follow-up, with overall annual failure rate) of 16.7%. There was no difference when CCR or PCR were performed (p=0.163). The adjusted model showed that patients presenting gingivitis (GBI>20%) have 2.88 times more risk of failure in their restorations (p=0.007). Multi-surface restorations showed a risk of failure more than 3 times higher than single-surface (p=0.003). Modified glass ionomer cement presented a risk of failure 4.11 times greater than composite resin (p<0.001). Conclusion: The type of restorative material, number of restored surfaces and gingivitis influenced the survival rate of restorations performed in deep carious lesion of young permanent teeth, independently of caries removal technique used.

Introdução: A crescente demanda por restaurações estéticas possibilitou novas escolhas de tratamento para restaurar dentes posteriores com extensa destruição coronária. Os tratamentos destes dentes podem envolver restaurações diretas com resina composta ou indiretas do tipo onlays, fabricadas com cerâmica pura ou resina composta. Porém, dados clínicos sobre a longevidade de restaurações com recobrimento de cúspides comparando as técnicas direta e indireta e os materiais resina composta e cerâmica são raros. Objetivo: Realizar uma avaliação clínica retrospectiva de restaurações diretas (resina composta) e indiretas (resina composta e cerâmica) com envolvimento de cúspides utilizando o método FDI. Metodologia: Foram avaliadas 229 restaurações em 121 pacientes (37 homens e 84 mulheres) que receberam pelo menos uma restauração direta de resina composta com recobrimento de pelo menos uma cúspide ou uma onlay de cerômero ou cerâmica entre os anos de 2003 e 2016. A avaliação visual foi feita por um examinador previamente calibrado pelo coeficiente Kappa, utilizando-se os critérios do método FDI. Os dados foram analizados através do método Kaplan-Meier, da análise de regressão de Cox multivariada e do teste Kruskal-Wallis (p <0.05). Resultados: Entre as restaurações avaliadas foram detectadas 69 falhas. As restaurações obtiveram uma taxa de sucesso de 69,9%, com taxa anual de falha (AFR) de 8,0%. Restaurações diretas de resina composta apresentaram 34,1% de falha, com AFR de 9,6%. Onlays em cerômero apresentaram 27,3% de falha, com AFR de 7,1%. Onlays de cerâmica apresentaram 28,8% de falha com AFR de 7,6%. Restaurações em homens falharam mais do que em mulheres. A causa mais comum de falha foi fratura e retenção, ocorrendo em 48 casos (69,56% das falhas). Conclusão: Restaurações diretas de resina composta e indiretas de cerômero ou cerâmica demonstraram longevidade semelhante, independente do número de cúspides envolvidas. Restaurações indiretas tiveram menor índice de falha anual do que restaurações diretas, apresentando melhor desempenho na avaliação qualitativa. Pacientes mulheres apresentaram menor prevalência e menor risco de falha de restaurações do que pacientes do sexo masculino. / Introduction: The increasing demand for aesthetic restorations had enabled new treatment choices to restore posterior teeth with extensive coronary destruction. The treatments of these teeth involve direct composite restoration or indirect onlays, made with ceramic or composite. However, clinical data on the longevity of cuspal restorations comparing direct or indirect techniques and the materials are rare. Objective: To perform a retrospective clinical evaluation of direct restorations (composite resin) and indirect restorations (composite resin and ceramics) with cuspal involvement using the FDI criteria. Methodology: 229 restorations were evaluated in 121 patients (37 men and 84 women) who received at least one direct composite restoration with envolvement of at least one cusp or ceramic and composite onlays among the years 2003 and 2016. The visual evaluation was done by an examiner previous calibrated by the Kappa coefficient, using the FDI criteria. Data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, multivariated Cox regression analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Results: Among the evaluated restorations, 69 failures were detected. Restorations achieved a survival rate of 69.9%, with annual failure rate (AFR) of 8.0%. Direct composite restorations presented a 34.1% failure, with AFR of 9.6%. Composite onlays presented 27.3% of failure, with AFR of 7.1%. Ceramic onlays showed a 28.8% failure rate with AFR of 7.6%. Restorations in men have failed more than in women. The most common reason for failure was fracture of the material and retention, occuring in 48 cases (69.56% of failures). Conclusion: Direct and indirect restorations showed similar longevity, regardless of the number of cusps involved. Indirect restorations had lower annual failure rate than direct restorations, presenting better performance in the qualitative analisys. Female patients presented lower prevalence and lower risk of failure of restorations than male.