ABSTRACT Today our economic competition faced great challenges because of international economic reform; meanwhile .Knowledge-based Economy. has already become a major trend in this age. Thus why our economies scrambling to catch on to the strategy of value added growth by combining high tech service and cultural creative contents. The way to get the master key to this is to get the right creative people to work on innovative projects and produce highly value added products. According to Florida.s theory¡]2003¡^¡uThe demographics show it is critically linked with the location where can attract and keep the talents. Provide for the needs of new Creativity that requires 3T: Talents in living in Tolerant and Technically supportive Clusters¡v. Set up a Cultural and Creative Center is one of the major goal of . Challenge 2008¡GThe National Development Plan in Taiwan. ; and currently the most important issue is the adaptive reuse of five deserted industrial wineries in five cities . This thesis emphasized mainly on the operation strategies of one case study¡GGranville Island District in Vancouver, Canada. The reason is: Granville Island District is one of the most successful projects in North America. The planning and designing objectives were to reuse the industrial and warehouse buildings by changing them into multi-use structures. The plan also focused on maintaining the industrial feel of the island while introducing a range of cultural, educational, commercial and some industrial uses. The research discovered from Granville Island District.s lessons that Granville Island has succeeded, not only by focusing on a coherent master plan or a theme park like design integrity, but through maintaining its flexibility as it has grown institutions, business and places from within ¡Ðserving a broader and broader set of users. The Granville Island District.s success story can be used as a best example of Hua Shan Cultural and Creative Industry Center.s future development plan.

Although nest reuse is most commonly associated with costs such as nest instability and increased ectoparasite loads,contrary evidence supports the possibility that nest reuse might provide an adaptive function in the form of time and energy savings. The Cave Swallow (Petrochelidon fulva), which nests under bridges and culverts in east-central Texas, chooses predominately to reuse nests when old nests are available. I conducted a field experiment involving bridge pairs and single bridges, in which I applied a treatment of nest removal to one bridge of each pair and one half of each single bridge in order to test whether control bridges and nests exhibited increased productivity from the availability of old nests. I found that a higher percentage of young fledged from control bridges and more fledged per clutch from control bridges. Small sample sizes diminished the ability to detect differences within the single bridge experiment. Results from this research support the time-energy savings concept and may be reconciled with conflicting research through fundamental differences between studies in immunity to ectoparasites, infestation type, and nest microclimate.

This study is caused by the fact in the Information Management field that webs of enterprise database are hot, and the contribution of building webs concerning local culture cannot catch the spotlight. The author pursuits the master degree in the Department of Information Management in the National Sun Yat-Sen University for two years, and is handling the project of ¡¨Taiwan Caogong Web¡¨ which is a sub-project of Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) about ¡¨ national digital reservation of national culture database ¡¨ in 2007, at the same time. It is the background of writing the paper of ¡¥Local Culture Web on Preservation and Reuse for Native Cultural Property - Case study by ¡§Taiwan Caogong Canal Web¡¨¡¦ . The author can foresee the grand influence potential for local culture caused by the Local Culture Web, and is adopting the academic theories to the real world. The author try to provide a new studying category for the scholars who emphasize the enterprise database web rather than culture properties area, and hope the people working in the Information Management area can find the blue sea by the local culture webs. The characteristic of ¡¨ Taiwan Caogong Web¡¨, not only Caogong Canal is the well-known of irrigate canal in Taiwan since Qing Dynasty¡Abut also Caogong Canal grows cultural properties in Kaohsiung Plains and make a greater contribution to the local development¡Ait's far-reaching influence does not have the other business to be possible to compared¡C This web present the drainage basin of Caogong Canal include five irrigation system¡]the Old Caogong Canal, the New Caogong Canal, the Fengshan Canal, the Daliao Canal, and the linyuan Canal.¡^where cultural properties is at¡CMake use of this paper approach a subject from different angles¡Ato find out the contribution of local culture web on preservation and reuse for native cultural property¡Ait's positive value is deserve commendation¡C

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 95 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

Extreme hunger, malnutrition, and the lack of access to sanitation are among the most pressing development challenges, but the world is not on track to meet the targets that have been established by the Millennium Development Goals. The integration of wastewater treatment and food production systems allows for the recovery of resources from wastewater, and can provide an important solution to meet the sanitation needs of growing urban populations and provide periurban farmers with a consistent supply of water and nutrients. Stabilization ponds have been long considered to be an appropriate technology for wastewater reuse systems in developing countries, but advanced anaerobic treatment technologies, such as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, are also becoming common. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reuse potential of wastewater for irrigation from two community-managed treatment systems in Bolivia: one consisting of three stabilization ponds in series (three-pond system) and the other consisting of a UASB reactor and two stabilization ponds in series (UASB-pond system). Specifically, the removal of helminth eggs and thermotolerant coliform bacteria is measured in both systems and evaluated with respect to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture, which are based on health targets. Results indicate that both systems provide good removal of conventional water quality parameters but poor removal of nutrients, discharging effluents with 37 to 54 mg/L of total nitrogen and 5.7 to 9.4 mg/L of total phosphorus. The three-pond system provided >92% removal of helminth eggs and 3.4-log removal of thermotolerant coliforms, and no geohelminth eggs were detected in the system effluents. However, Ascaris eggs were detected in the effluents of the UASB-pond system and the overall removal of thermotolerant coliforms was only 2.3 log units. Viability estimates based on the use of a vital stain indicate that eggs detected in pond effluents are less likely to be viable than eggs detected in the raw wastewater, in the sludge, or in the effluent of the UASB reactor. Sludge samples from the facultative pond in the three-pond system had higher concentrations of helminth eggs than sludge samples from the UASB reactor. Based on these results, the effluents from the three-pond system can be reused for irrigating any crop with the exception of root crops and low-growing crops that can be consumed raw (i.e. onions and strawberries). Effluents from the three-pond system may be used to irrigate salad crops or high-growing crops that are consumed raw, but additional public health interventions must be implemented throughout the food production process to meet WHO recommendations for protecting the health of farmers and consumers. The effluents from the UASB-pond system should not be reused unless improvements to the system increase its pathogen removal efficiency. The results from this study indicate that a system consisting of stabilization ponds in series may produce a higher quality effluent that is more suitable for wastewater irrigation than a system with a UASB reactor.

Modern cellular systems feature increasingly dense base station deployments, augmented by multiple tiers of access points, in an effort to provide higher network capacity as user traffic, especially data traffic, increases. The primary limitation of these dense networks is co-channel interference. The primary source of interference is inter-cell and cross-tier interference, which is especially limiting for users near the boundary of the cells. Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is a broad umbrella term for strategies to improve the performance of the network by having each cell allocate its resources such that the interference experienced in the network is minimized, while maximizing spatial reuse. Fractional frequency reuse (FFR) has been proposed as an ICIC technique in modern wireless networks. The basic idea of FFR is to partition the cell’s bandwidth so that (i) cell-edge users of adjacent cells do not interfere with each other and (ii) interference received by (and created by) cell-interior users is reduced, while (iii) improving spectral reuse compared to conventional frequency reuse. It is attractive for its intuitive implementation and relatively low network coordination requirements compared to other ICIC strategies including interference cancellation, network MIMO, and opportunistic scheduling. There are two common FFR deployment modes: Strict FFR and Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR). This dissertation identifies and addresses key technical challenges associated with fractional frequency reuse in modern cellular networks by utilizing an accurate yet tractable model of both the downlink (base station to mobile) and uplink (mobile to base station) based on the Poisson point process for modeling base station locations. The resulting expressions allow for the development of system design guidelines as a function of FFR parameters and show their impact on important metrics of coverage, rate, power control, and spectral efficiency. This new complete analytical framework addresses system design and performance differences in the uplink and downlink. Also, this model can be applied to cellular networks with multiple tiers of access points, often called heterogeneous cellular networks. The model allows for analysis as a function of system design parameters for users under Strict FFR and SFR with closed and open access between tiers. / text

In the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, inadequate collaboration between project stakeholders and disciplines often leads to conflicts and interoperability issues. Research has been conducted in knowledge formalization to bridge the knowledge gaps and information silos. Formalizing construction knowledge is challenging to formalize because most construction knowledge implicitly resides in the minds of construction experts, which is difficult to represent in a formal and explicit manner. The proposed study is built upon previous research findings, and attempts to formalize tacit knowledge in Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) design coordination by capturing necessary information with a model-based information capture system and reasoning about the captured data with data mining techniques. The vision of this research is that the formalized knowledge can be used to provide guidance for early design review incorporating construction considerations, facilitate structured learning from past experience, as well as train novice engineers. In summary, this research has three main contributions. First, this research presents a formalized knowledge representation schema to capture process knowledge in design coordination, which was successfully implemented in a model-based knowledge capture system developed by the author. Second, a model-based knowledge capture system was developed to store clash information in the form of categorized features and link such categorized information directly to the relevant model elements, which can also facilitate organization and management of clashes and supports searching and grouping functions. A prototype system was developed as a plugin to a widely used BIM-based design coordination application and was demonstrated with project data gathered from three new construction projects in the United States. Third, this research applied data mining techniques for knowledge discovery and reuse in MEP design coordination. Classification models were developed to provide predicted solutions for identified clashes based on historical data. The classification algorithms that produced the best results were selected, which reached precision rates of over 70%. The effectiveness of the classification models was tested in a novice experiment. / text

In today's society, we view new as good, a universal standpoint that has become so commonly accepted as true, that to question it would be absurd. While many new items are an upgrade over their predecessor, it is important to understand that used items still retain a high amount of value and efficacy. Our landscape is filled with the mundane, industrial elements that surround us, yet due to our familiarity with them they are pushed to the background of our consciousness. However their commonplace should not mask their true potential value. By using what is already there before us, we will limit our dependence on new materials, as well as begin to diminish our waste. The surplus of idle materials compounded by skyrocketing construction cost has set the stage for a revolutionary change to architecture. Alternative construction methodologies such as up-cycling will undeniably reconfigure the design spectrum, showcasing an entirely new layer of building materials that exists, while giving us a better understanding of our environment. Up-cycling, is the process of turning waste materials and by-products into new, useful items which will reduce our waste and limit our dependence on virgin materials. These revitalized objects create an undeniable usefulness and practicality with dynamic flexibility, all the while changing our mentality. This inventive language has the capability to dictate the way we view common objects by unveiling a potential transformation of architecture. My aim is to create a center for up-cycling education, a facility that will demonstrate the sustainable practice of re-using materials and found items in an effort to achieve an inventive dialect of sustainability that is affordable. This center will demonstrate how everyday items can be utilized in an unorthodox manner to become part of our built environment. The unique components of the structure will create dynamic spaces that encourage interaction with building materials while giving us a better understanding of our environment. This resourceful method of sustainability will showcase a potential change to architecture by revealing a new vocabulary of building materials, as well as serve as a comment on our throw away culture. This new theory of devised architecture will not only prove to be beneficial economically, but more importantly it will provide a sensible solution in creating an affordable sustainable environment. The stage is set; we must do more with less.

M. Tech. Chemical Engineering / Environmental pollution due to heavy metals is a global crisis. Contamination as a result of heavy metals from industries such as mining operations, electroplating facilities, etc. pose serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem, people and the environment. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) are common examples of heavy metal ions often detected in most effluents. They are characterised by their non-biodegradability, toxicity and tendency to accumulate in living organisms, and thereafter, cause various diseases and disorders. In this study, two nano-structured composite bio-sorbents were prepared to determine their metal binding capacity, effect of solution pH, contact time and elution in a magnetically assisted adsorption system. Consequently, this study aims to develop magnetically assisted adsorption process for industrial wastewater treatment for re-use.

The following dissertation examines the role of collaborative planning in the redevelopment of National Priorities List Superfund sites and the implementation of Superfund site redevelopment plans. To examine the effect of collaborative planning, two models were constructed: one to predict Superfund site redevelopment and one to predict implementation of Superfund site redevelopment plans. Two test the two models, data was collected primarily from a survey of federal cleanup managers conducted between August 2008 and April 2009. Variables were then constructed and tested using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results from the statistical analysis suggest that use of collaborative planning is positively and significantly associated with Superfund site redevelopment. Collaborative planning’s effect on Superfund site redevelopment plan implementation was inconclusive. To further explore the role of collaborative planning on Superfund site redevelopment and plan implementation, four case studies were developed that describe redevelopment planning at four Superfund sites. Overall, results suggest that collaborative planning is an important tool for the facilitation of Superfund site redevelopment. The effect of collaborative planning on plan implementation is somewhat ambiguous. Additional research is necessary, however, to draw firmer conclusions regarding both phenomena. / text