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Language and politics: use and abuse of language in political rhetoricLam, Maggie., 林美琪. January 2007 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts
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Alternatives to Argumentation: Implications for Intercultural RhetoricPeirce, Karen Patricia January 2006 (has links)
American composition classrooms focus on teaching students to be assertive, self-assured, and definitive. What they do not tend to emphasize is how to reach mutual understandings, especially when communication takes place across cultural borders. This dissertation explores interdisciplinary perspectives on intercultural communication and alternatives to argument to suggest possibilities for building a rhetoric that better enables understanding between cultures. In this text I challenge assumptions about culturally based rhetorical strategies, question the tendency to teach argumentative writing in American composition classes, propose rhetorical strategies for reaching mutual understanding across cultures, and show the positive feelings of contemporary university students toward nonargumentative writing assignments.This dissertation has two main aims. The first aim is to show that trying to manufacture a one-to-one correspondence between a culture and its communication strategy is not as straightforward as it may seem. Such efforts not only tend to essentialize the differences between cultures, but they also ignore the multiple strategies that people from all cultures use to deal with complex rhetorical situations. By analyzing press releases from both the United States and North Korea, I show that categorizing an entire culture's communication style under one label is a mistake. Instead, I show that in different situations both Americans and Koreans use a variety of rhetorical strategies in their communication. The second aim of this dissertation stems from the first. Once I have shown that people across cultures are both the same and different and that our use of language reflects this reality, I call for a change in our educational practices in order to better reflect these complexities. I show how teaching alternatives to traditional academic argumentation can better foster intercultural understanding by describing a research-based writing assignment I designed that asks students to explore controversial issues nonagumentatively. This assignment encourages students to explore the many facets involved in complex situations and avoid simplistic either-or thinking. In meeting this challenge, students often make use of collaborative writing and go beyond traditional text formats to create hybrid texts. Overwhelmingly they report positive reactions to such innovative writing strategies.
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Moving grammars of the political : beyond sovereign thought and actionWhitehall, Geoffrey Alexander Wallace January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-265). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / 267 leaves, bound 29 cm
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La palabra y el fuego. Insulto, política y cultura en la historia de ColombiaAlvarez, Juan January 2014 (has links)
This dissertation examines the discomfort around the insult in different specialized languages, analyzing the relationship between insult, politics, and culture in the history of Colombia. When viewed as an element of discourse, the insult illuminates certain critical events and subjects in the history of the nation. The insult is understood in a wide variety of ways --as direct enunciation of offending words, as the imminent failure of communication, as the staged claim of being offended, or as verbal and performative tool for electoral purposes. This dissertation analyzes a heterogeneous corpus of political, historiographic, journalistic, religious, legal, literary, proselytizing, pamphleteering, and digital primary sources. It spans the period from the Independence crisis at the beginning of nineteenth century to the digital architecture that enables online comment sections of mass media site in the twenty-first century. Each chapter reflects on one or two specialized language that, according to certain individuals or events, develop mechanisms to relegate the insult, and, from them, strategies and tactics are detailed in terms of its exploitation, containment, control, revitalization, overflow, and even involuntary stimulus.
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Al Gore Jr. and the rhetoric of self-disclosurePalmer, Scott Aaron 02 June 1993 (has links)
Senator Al Gore Jr. was elected Vice-President of the United States
on November 3, 1992. During many of his public speeches, Gore utilized
a speaking style that differed radically from the style he used in other
political campaigns of his life. This style, which will be called the "rhetoric
of self-disclosure," can be characterized as consisting of a particular
language style that is associated with the self-help movement that became
popular in the United States during the 1980's. This language consists of
phrases and terms such as "co-dependency," "dysfunction," "dysfunctional
families," "denial," and others.
In an attempt to understand the uses and effects of this rhetorical
device, the theories of Edwin Black are used as a critical model. A
combination of two theories, specifically the theories of secrecy and
disclosure and the second persona, produced a unique critical methodology
that generated insight into Gore as a speaker, and the applications of this
unique rhetorical style.
A literature survey provides information not only about Gore's
political and personal history, but also about the growth and success of the
self-help movement in the United States. Included in this review were a
number of public addresses given by Gore in the 1992 campaign, his book
Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, and discussions of the
self-help movement and therapy groups.
The critical evaluation of Gore's public address provides a number of
conclusions. The rhetoric of self-disclosure is rhetorical strategy that has
never been used in American Presidential politics and is a radical departure
from other, more accepted forms of presidential rhetoric. Also, the use of
this strategy gives insight into the character of Gore as a person, a speaker,
and a national political leader. / Graduation date: 1994
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The cloves of wit : an investigation into the intelligibility of political metaphorsRayner, Jeremy David January 1983 (has links)
In recent years, philosophers of social science have drawn attention to the contributions of suggestive models or metaphors to political understanding. In doing so, they have suggested a distinction between models or archetypes of great scope and generality — politics seen as mechanical or organic relations, for example — and the individual metaphorical utterances in which they are presented. Historians of political thought have made a similar distinction between 'languages' or 'ideologies' which prescribe norms and conventions for political argument, and the expression and development of these languages and ideologies in texts.
This dissertation shows these two developments to be complementary by investigating the extent to which political languages or ideologies are themselves made up of suggestive models of political activity. Taking our point of departure from Max Black's suggestion that a metaphor be seen as "the tip of a submerged model," we shall look for such models in groups of political metaphors sharing the same theme.
Analysis of the concept 'metaphor' shows that understanding a metaphorical utterance is conditional upon a reader recreating a context in which the ground of the metaphorical identification is rendered intelligible by the
point of the utterance. This distinguishes political metaphors from metaphors used in explanatory' or literary contexts. The principled strategies which authors and audiences use to produce and comprehend metaphors in political contexts are then shown to utilize existing conceptual classifications in the form of 'metaphorical fields' embedded in political discourse. These fields bring together abstract metaphor themes and concrete political doctrines to create political metaphors. In a field, the political value of 'imagery' — medicine, theatre, parts of the body or family relations — remains relatively fixed.
Using illustrations mainly from metaphorical fields in which politics is seen as a therapeutic activity, political metaphors are shown to functions as maps, orienting men in a political world that is their own creation. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate
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On dichotomous political rhetoric: With special reference to Ronald Reagan's languageHalmari, Sirkka Helena 01 January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
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Rhetoric as Praxis: A Model for Deconstructing Hermeneutic DiscourseJames, Edwin M. (Edwin Martin) 08 1900 (has links)
This study proposes a model for the deconstruction of nationalism. Nationalism is a discursive construct. This construct manifests in ideologies and formalizes order. Individuals should question these institutions in order to achieve legitimate societal participation. This criticism can be accomplished through self-reflection. The model demonstrates that sanctioned individual(s) provide interpretations of events. These interpretations recycle authority. The hermeneutic obscures an individual's understanding of the originating fact. Self-reflection allows an individual, such as Malcolm X in the Nation of Islam, to come closer to discovering the original fact. Critiquing the hermeneutic can reveal the imperfections of the message(s). Revealing the imperfections of an ideology is the first step to the liberation of the individual and society.
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Uhlalutyo lwee-akhawunti zopolitiko emzantsi AfrikaDantile, Julius Jabavu Thami 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the effectiveness and inducement of political rhetoric in South African
context. Political discourse has become more significant in South Africa since the sanction
of a democratic political dispensation. This study is motivated by the events occurred as
from 1998, which demand accounts from those implicated.
Comments and reactions pertaining to events such as the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)-
led land grabbing in BredeII, near Kempton Park, Gauteng; the Youth Day incident -16
June 2001; the ongoing tug-of-war between the ANC and its ally, Congress of South
African Trade Unions (Cosatu) over strategic government policies; and Tony Yengeni's
advertised refutation of getting kickbacks from the 'Arms Deal', have been the main focus
of this study.
These accounts have made it possible to apply Benoit's (1995) integrated image
restoration strategies theory, which he developed from a variety of theories developed to
understanding why certain utterances are made in certain contexts. The fundamental
approach to developing Benoit's integrated theory originates from a constant interest by
linguists and communication theorists in particular, and social psychologists in general, to
understanding the dynamics of politeness in social context.
Chapter 2 of this study presents a theoretical background to the development of politeness
theory. Chapter 3 summarises the development of integrated image restoration strategies
theory in public and social contexts. Chapter 4 deals with the application of Benoit's
integrated image restoration strategies theory through the critical analysis of the abovementioned
accounts from a weekly Internet publication, ANC Today, vol 1, no: 1, 2001,
which serve as a platform for the ANC to counteract the pervasiveness of political scandal
in South African politics. Tony Yengeni's newspaper advertisement was of great interest
as it was the first independent and personally paid public statement by a South African
politician since the new democratic dispensation.
Through the critical analysis of these accounts, it has been found that South African
politicians do make public statements implementing defensive and persuasive strategies in
order to protect or restore their images. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die doeltreffendheid van die uitoefening van politieke retoriek in
die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Politieke diskoers het toenemend meer betekenisvol geword
sedert die invoer van 'n demokratiese bestel. Hierdie studie is gemotiveer deur die
politieke diskoers oor gebeure wat sedert 1998 plaasgevind het, waarvoor die
geïmpliseerde persone verduidelikings moes aanbied.
Kommentaar en response rakende gebeurtenisse soos die Pan-Afrika Kongres
grondbesettings in BredeII, naby Kempton Park, Gauteng; die Jeugdag insident op 16
Junie 2001, die voortgaande dispuut tussen die ANC en sy vennoot, Kongres van Suid-
Afrikaanse Werkers Unie (COSATU) oor strategiese regeringsbeleid; en Tony Yengeni se
ge-adverteerde weerspreking van bevoordeling uit die Wapenkontrakte, vorm die
hooffokus van hierdie studie.
Hierdie verduidelikings is ondersoek deur die toepassing van Benoit (1995) se
geïntegreerde beeld-herstel strategieë teorie, wat ontwikkel het vanuit 'n verskeidenheid
teorieë ontwikkel om te verstaan waarom bepaalde uitinge in bepaalde kontekste gemaak
word. Die grondliggende benadering in die ontwikkeling van Benoit se teorie het as
oorsprong die belangstelling van taalkundiges en kommunikasie-teoretisie in die besonder,
en sosiaal-sielkundiges in die algemeen, om die dinamika te verstaan van beleefdheid in
sosiale konteks.
Hoofstuk 2 van hierdie studie bied die teoretiese agtergrond van die ontwikkeling van
beleefdheidsteorie. Hoofstuk 3 gee 'n opsomming van die ontwikkeling van geïntegreerde
beeld-herstel teorie in openbare en sosiale kontekste. Hoofstuk 4 doen 'n toepassing van
Benoit se beeld-herstel strategieë teorie deur die kritiese analise van die bogenoemde
verduidelikings vanaf die Weeklikse Internet bulletin, 'ANC Today' vol. 1 no. 1, 2001, wat
as 'n mondstuk dien vir die ANC om 'n teenstand te bied teen die algemeenheid van
politieke skandaal in Suid-Afrikaanse politiek. Tony Yengeni se koerantadvertensie het
groot belangstelling uitgelok omdat dit die eerste onafhanklike en persoonlik-betaalde
openbare verklaring was wat deur 'n Suid-Afrikaanse politikus gemaak was sedert die
instellingvan die demokratiese bestel.
Deur die kritiese analise van hierdie verduidelikings is bevind dat Suid-Afrikaanse politici
openbare verklarings maak waarin hulle verdedigende en oorredende strategieë
implementeer ten einde hul beeld te beskerm en te herstel. / USHWANKATHELO : Olu phando luphonononga ukusebenziseka nokukhuthazeka kokusetyenziswa kobuciko
bezopolitiko kwimeko yaseMzantsi Afrika. Idiskhosi yezopolitiko ithande ukubaluleka
eMzantsi Afrika ukusukela ngokumiselwa kwenkqubo yolawulo ngedemokrasi. Olu phando
lukhuthazwe ziziganeko ezenzeke ukusukela ngo-1998 nezinyanzelise ukunikwa kweeakhawunti
ngabo bachaphazelekayo.
lintetho neempendulo ezayamene neziganeko ezinjengokurhwaphilizwa komhlaba
ngabantu abakhokelwe ngamalungu aphambili e-Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) eBredell
ngaseKempton Park, eRhawuntini; isiganeko soSuku loLutsha - 16 Juni 2001;
ukuxambulisana phakathi kwe-African National Congress (ANC) kunye nehlakani layo i-
Congress of South African Trade Union (Cosatu) ngezicwangciso-nkqubo; kunye
nentengiso kaTony Yengeni yokuphika ukufumana izinyobo kuThengo Iwezixhobo, zibe
ngumxholo ophambili wolu phando.
Ezi akhawunti zenze kukwazeke ukusebenzisa ithiyori ehlangeneyo yobugcisa
bokubuyekeza umfanekiso kaBenoit (1995) nayiphuhlise kwiithiyori ezahlukeneyo
ezaphuhliselwa ukuqonda kuba kutheni kusenziwa iintetho ezithile ngokweemeko ezithile.
Esona siseko singumvulandlela ekuphuhlisweni kwale thiyori kaBenoit sivela kumdla
osoloko ukho kwiingcali zolwimi nezonxibelelwano, kunye neesayikholojisti zasekuhlaleni
wokufuna ukuqonda ubuchukubhede ngentlonelo kwimeko yasekuhlaleni.
Isahluko 2 solu phando sinika imvelaphi yethiyori yokuphuhliswa kwethiyori yentlonelo.
Isahluko 3 sishwankathela ukuphuhliswa kwethiyori yobuyekezo lomfanekiso kwimeko
yasesidlangalaleni neyasekuhlaleni. Isahluko 4 sijongene nokusetyenziswa kwethiyori
yobuyekezo lomfanekiso kaBenoit ngohlalutyo Iwee-akhawunti ezixelwe apha ngentla,
nezivela kupapasho Iweveki olukwi-Internet, ANC Today, vol 1, no: 1, 2001 nesebenza
njengeqonga le-ANC lokunika izimvo ngeziganeko namanyundululu ezopolitiko eMzantsi
Afrika. Intengiso kaTony Yengeni kumaphephandaba yatsala amehlo nanjengoko ibe
kokuqala ukwenziwa kwengxelo eloluhlobo ngumpolitiki kweloMzantsi Afrika kweli lixa
ledemokrasi. Ngohlalutyo Iwezi akhawunti, kufumaniseke ukuba abapolitiki boMzantsi Afrika bayazenza
iingxelo neentetho ezisebenzisa ubugcisa bokuzikhusela nobolukuhlo ngeenjongo
zokuzikhusela okanye ukubuyekeza umfanekiso wabo.
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Defusing a Rhetorical Situation through Apologia: Ronald Reagan and the Iran-Contra AffairSutherland, Roxane Yvonne 13 February 1992 (has links)
This thesis examines the manner in which Ronald Reagan responded to the Tower Commission Report concerning his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. It explores the following questions: 1) What were the factors leading to a rhetorical situation as defined by the media and which required Ronald Reagan to provide a public response of self-defense; 2) what strategies of apologia did Reagan employ; and 3) how did the media and the White House characterize the outcome of Reagan's speech? Data for analysis were drawn from nationally recognized newspapers that shaped public perception of the Iran-Contra Affair: The Washington Post, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The Christian Science Monitor. In addition, The Tower Commission Report and Ronald Reagan's March 4, 1987 speech were used as primary texts. It was found that the events of the Iran-Contra Affair qualified as a crisis, and exemplified an exigence needing a response. The thesis demonstrated that the Iran-contra Affair was an appropriate case for study as a rhetorical situation. Analysis demonstrates how Ronald Reagan made full use of the conventional apologetic strategies of denial, bolstering, differentiation, and transcendence to regain lost credibility; moreover, analysis provides further evidence of the utility of genre criticism.
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