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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux inhibiteurs peptidiques de la protéase 2A du rhinovirus humain / Identification and development of new peptidic inhibitors of the 2A protease of human rhinoviruses

Falah, Nisrine 01 February 2013 (has links)
Parce qu’ils sont la première cause virale d’infections des voies respiratoires supérieures et inférieures, les rhinovirus humains (RVH) constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. À ce jour, aucun vaccin ni antiviral n’est disponible pour lutter contre ces agents pathogènes. Un crible en doublehybride chez la levure nous a permis d’identifier un nouveau partenaire peptidique de la protéase virale à cystéine 2A (2Apro), l’hexapeptide LVLQTM. Ce dernier agit comme un véritable pseudosubstrat de la 2Apro et inhibe son activité. Ce peptide a été modifié chimiquement à son extrémité C-terminale avec un groupement réactif électrophile fluorométhylcétone pour former une liaison covalente avec le groupement thiol nucléophile du site actif de l'enzyme viral. Des expériences réalisées ex vivo et in vivo ont montré que le peptide LVLQTM modifié était un puissant inhibiteur de la réplication du RVH dans les cellules A549 et chez la souris. La structure 3D déjà connue de la 2Apro du RVH-2 a ensuite permis de modéliser la fixation de LVLQTM dans la poche de liaison du substrat de la protéase et la comparaison des séquences des 2Apro des espèces RVH-A, -B et -C a révélé que les résidus impliqués dans l'interaction avec le peptide LVLQTM sont relativement bien conservés. Si le peptide inhibiteur semblait donc agir contre tous les sérotypes de RVH, son utilisation à des fins thérapeutiques pouvait être étendue à d'autres entérovirus puisqu’il inhibait également la 2Apro de l’entérovirus 71 (EV-71) et par conséquent la réplication virale. De plus, la comparaison de la séquence des protéases 2A de l’EV-71 avec celle du RVH-A2 n’a révélé aucune différence majeure. Par conséquent, cette étude ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans la mise au point d’un antiviral à large spectre d’action contre tous les entérovirus / Human rhinoviruses (HRV) remain a significant public health problem as they are the major cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. To date no vaccine or antiviral are available against these pathogens. Using a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified a six amino acid “hit” peptide, LVLQTM, which acted as a pseudo-substrate of the viral 2A cysteine protease (2Apro) and inhibited its activity. This peptide was chemically modified at its C-terminus with a reactive electrophilic fluoromethylketone group to form a covalent linkage with the nucleophilic active site thiol of the enzyme. Ex vivo and in vivo experiments showed that thus converted, LVLQTM was a strong inhibitor of HRV replication in both A549 cells and mice. Based on HRV-2 2Apro crystallographic data, a virtual docking model was then set up to predict the inhibitor binding mode into the ligand binding pocket of the enzyme. Sequence comparison between different 2Apro from HRV-A, -B and –C species revealed that the aminoacid residues involved in the interaction with the inhibitor are relatively well conserved. If our peptide inhibitor seemed to be of general use against all HRV serotypes, its use for therapeutic purposes could be extended to other enterovirus-associated diseases since it was also active against Human Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) 2A proteases and EV-71 replication. Moreover, comparison of the sequence of these proteases with the one of HRV-A2 revealed only minor differences in the residues involved in the interaction with LVLQTM. Therefore, this study opens new doors in the development of an antiviral against a wide range of enteroviruses
12

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
13

Febrile Infants and Common Respiratory Viruses: Epidemiology and Clinical Implications

Korngold, Caleb Bosler 14 September 2009 (has links)
Fever in infants younger than 2 months of age causes a significant number of emergency department visits and is particularly worrisome because of the potential for serious infection. Management of febrile infants is problematic because clinical observation is not a reliable indicator of serious bacterial illness (SBI), such as bacteremia, meningitis, and urinary tract infection (UTI). Numerous investigators have proposed methods of screening laboratory tests to ascertain the risk of SBI in febrile infants. These screening tests could potentially avoid the invasive and costly sepsis work-up, which usually includes complete blood count (CBC), blood culture, urinalysis, urine culture, and lumbar puncture. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study that examined the prevalence of rhinovirus (RV) and coronavirus (CoV), which are two of the most common causes of upper respiratory infections in the first year of life, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which is a common cause of bronchiolitis, in infants younger than 2 months of age. This study also examined whether febrile infants with RV were more or less likely to also have a SBI than infants without a viral respiratory infection. Methodology: Fever was defined as rectal temperatures greater than 37.9C or a historical fever greater than 100.3F. Nasal swabs were tested with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) techniques for rhinoviruses (RV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and coronaviruses (CoV). Nasal samples were also tested for RSV, influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 3, and adenovirus via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). Conclusion: Rhinovirus (RV) was the most commonly detected respiratory viral pathogen in our cohort (14% out of 98 total enrolled patients). Coronovirus (CoV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were both detected but in only one patient (1%) each. RV occurred predominantly in the summer (79%). This cohort of patients showed no difference between the incidence of serious bacterial illness (SBI) with and without RV infection (p=0.84).
14

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
15

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
16

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
17

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
18

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
19

Characterization of a Newly Identified Human Rhinovirus: HRV-QPM

Mr Peter Mcerlean Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
20

Klinische Bedeutung und molekulare Epidemiologie von Rhinoviren bei pädiatrischen Patienten des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig

Neugebauer, Franziska 23 December 2020 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit der Analyse der zwischen September 2013 und September 2017 aufgetretenen Infektionen mit dem Rhinovirus bei pädiatrischen Patienten des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig. Betrachtet wurden dabei die molekulare Epidemiologie der RV-Genotypen (n = 777) in diesem Zeitraum sowie die klinische Präsentation der jeweils vorliegenden RV-Infektion. Dies wurde durch eine RT-PCR mit anschließender Sanger-Sequenzierung sowie einer genauen Untersuchung der patientenspezifischen Epikrisen mit statistischer Auswertung realisiert. Es konnte zu 49.3 % RV-A, zu 5.9 % RV-B und zu 44.0 % RV-C nachgewiesen werden. Der insgesamt häufigste RV-Genotyp war A78 (n = 27). Es konnte eine hohe Prävalenz der RV-Infektion vor allem bei Kleinkindern sowie beim männlichen Geschlecht nachgewiesen werden. Besonders auffällig waren ein signifikant häufigeres Auftreten von RV-A und wenig RV-C bei Patienten mit Vorerkrankungen wie einer malignen oder benignen Neubildung sowie außerdem bei einem bestehenden Fieber über 38.0 °C. Die Entwicklung eines Impfstoffes gegen RV-A wäre eine Möglichkeit zum Schutz dieser Patientengruppe.

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