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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The chemoenzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides

Horrobin, Tina M. January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
2

Desenvolvimento de ferramentas de biologia sintética aplicadas a fungos de importância médica e industrial / Development of synthetic biology tools applied to fungi of medical and industrial importance

Nora, Luísa Czamanski 05 February 2019 (has links)
Conforme novas tecnologias e metodologias estão surgindo, e pesquisadores estão sedentos por ferramentas moleculares mas rápidas, mais eficientes e fáceis de usar, dominar os princípios e tecnologias do design de vetores e padronização de partes biológicas tornaram-se desafios fundamentais. Isso está abrindo espaço para o surgimento de uma disciplina inteiramente nova chamada Biologia Sintética. Esta área de estudo inovadora combina partes e módulos biológicos para criar sistemas mais confiáveis e robustos. Linhagens fúngicas são comumente alvo desses estudos, não apenas porque muitos achados fundamentais em relação à clonagem molecular surgiram das lições dadas por elas, mas também devido a um imenso e inexplorado potencial desses organismos em uma ampla gama de aplicações - desde biocombustíveis e produção de químicos finos até terapias biomédicas. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação é dividida em duas partes: a primeira diz respeito ao design e construção de uma ferramenta modular e versátil para ser aplicada em várias linhagens de fungos. Essa ferramenta é um plasmídeo binário para transformação mediada pro Agrobacterium tumefaciens, que foi construído em quatro diferentes versões contendo GFP ou mCherry como proteínas repórter e um gene sintético de resistência à higromicina como marcador de seleção. O vetor foi validado em Paracoccidioides lutzii, um patógeno oportunista humano dimórfico que é muito importante para medicina, mas ainda carecia de ferramentas genéticas eficientes. A segunda parte consiste na criação de uma biblioteca de promotores para a levedura oleaginosa Rhodosporidium toruloides, um promissor hospedeiro para a produção de bioprodutos a partir de biomassa, uma vez que pode eficientemente consumir açúcares C5 e C6 e aromáticos derivados da lignina. Vinte e nove promotores foram testados em um cassete de duplo-repórter - compreendendo ambas as proteínas fluorescentes GFP e mRuby - utilizando citometria de fluxo para análise de células únicas. A coleção de promotores apresentados neste trabalho é a maior disponível para R. toruloides até o momento e foi um avanço indispensável para superar a10 escassez de ferramentas para este organismo. Notavelmente, também apresentamos os primeiros promotores bidirecionais descritos para essa levedura e otimizamos o protocolo de transformação. Portanto, a Biologia Sintética foi eficientemente aplicada para expandir a coleção de partes biológicas padronizadas e otimizar vetores para transformação e manipulação genética de fungos. Estas ferramentas são de valor imediato e são aplicáveis a desafios muito distintos, mas igualmente importantes: a busca de novas soluções para a saúde humana e para uma economia bio-sustentável. / As new technologies and methodologies are surfacing, and researchers are now eager for fast, enhanced and easy-to-use molecular tools, mastering the principles and technologies of vector design and standardization of biological parts have become fundamental challenges. This is making room for the rise of an entirely novel discipline called Synthetic Biology. This innovative field of study combines biological parts and modules to create more reliable and robust systems. Fungal strains are commonly the target of these studies, not only because several fundamental findings regarding molecular cloning arose from lessons given by them, but also due to an immense and much unexplored potential of those organisms in a wide range of applications - ranging from biofuels and fine chemicals production to biomedical therapies. In this context, the present dissertation is divided in two parts: the first one concerns the design and construction of a modular and versatile tool to be applied in several fungal strains. This tool is a plasmid binary vector for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which was built in four different versions containing either GFP or mCherry as reporter proteins and a synthetic hygromycin resistance gene as selection marker. The vector was validated in Paracoccidioides lutzii, a dimorphic human opportunist pathogen that is very important for health care but was still lacking efficient genetic tools. The second part consists in the creation of a promoter library for the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides, a promising host for the production of bioproducts from biomass since it can efficiently consume C5 and C6 sugars and lignin-derived aromatics. Twenty-nine promoters were tested with a dual-reporter cassette - comprising both GFP and mRuby fluorescent proteins - using flow cytometer for single-cell analysis. The assortment of promoters presented in this work is the largest set available for R. toruloides until now and was an imperative advancement to overcome the scarcity of tools for this organism. Remarkably, we also presented the first bidirectional promoters described for this yeast and optimized the transformation protocol. Thus, we efficiently applied Synthetic Biology to expand the collection of standard biological parts and to12 optimize vectors for fungal transformation and genetic manipulation. These tools are of immediate value and are applicable for very distinct but equally important challenges: the pursuit of new solutions for human health and for a sustainable biobased economy
3

Croissance et accumulation lipidique de Rhodotorula glutinis (rhodosporidium toruloides) sur glucose, xylose et glycérol : vers la valorisation des coproduits agricoles et industriels pour la production de lipides à usages énergétiques / Growth and lipid accumulation of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) from glucose, xylose and glycerol : owards agricultural and industrial byproduct utilization for lipid production for energy use

Babau, Maud 15 July 2015 (has links)
Rhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) est une levure oléagineuse dont les fortes capacités d’accumulation lipidique à partir de glucose comme source carbonée ont fait de la souche un modèle d’étude. La capacité de cette levure à utiliser le glycérol ou le xylose en simple ou co-substrat avec le glucose est toutefois encore peu explorée. De l’analyse des travaux antérieurs il a été possible de dégager les verrous scientifiques qui nécessitent une amélioration des connaissances du comportement physiologique de cette levure pour la conversion des substrats cités. Des stratégies expérimentales adaptées à la quantification rationnelle des dynamiques de Rhodotorula glutinis en conditions de croissance et accumulation lipidique à partir de xylose et de glycérol en simple ou co-substrats avec le glucose ont été développées. Des résultats originaux ont été obtenus dont :- la mise en évidence des potentialités de co-consommation des substrats xylose et glucose ou glycérol et glucose sans accumulation de substrat ni production de métabolites en conditions contrôlées des flux de substrats. Il a été possible de déterminer la vitesse spécifique maximale de consommation du carbone de la souche qui diminue lorsque la part de xylose ou glycérol augmente dans l’apport de carbone total.- la quantification de la dynamique de croissance sur xylose et glycérol pur en terme de taux de croissance et de rendement : sur xylose µmax= 0.034h-1 et RS/X= 0.28 Cmolx.Cmolxylose-1; sur glycérol µmax=0.04h-1 RS/X=0.31Cmolx.Cmolglycérol-1.- la quantification des vitesses spécifiques et rendements de production de lipides à partir de xylose ou de glycérol en simple ou co-substrat avec du glucose : 20%xylose-80%glucose : qp=0.065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.3CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 100%xylose : qp=0.035065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.31CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1, 25% glycérol-75%glucose : qp=0.07065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.25CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 , 100% glycérol : qp=0.03065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P= 0.29CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1.- L’impact de la nature des substrats sur le profil lipidique de Rhodotorula glutinis demeure léger : il apparait que le xylose entraîne une surproduction de C16:0 et C18:3et le glycérol favorise l’accumulation de C18:0 / Rhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) is an oleaginous yeast. The micro-organism has demonstrated high lipid accumulation when utilizing glucose as a substrate, and has become a model for oil production. Glycerol and xylose are interesting as substrates for production of oil from renewable resources, but the capacity of R. glutinis to utilize glycerol and xylose as substrates has not been characterized well. Fermentation strategies were designed to quantify growth and lipid accumulation dynamics of R. glutinis when utilizing glycerol and xylose - either as pure substrates, or as co-substrates with glucose. Several original results have been found, including: - Co-consumption of xylose or glycerol along with glucose was observed, without carbon substrate accumulation or byproduct formation, when the carbon feed rate was carefully controlled. The specific carbon consumption rate decreases when the proportion of the second substrate (glycerol or xylose) increases in the feed, relative to glucose. - Growth capacities were characterized on pure xylose and pure glycerol in terms of growth rate and carbon yields: on xylose μmax= 0.034h-1 and RS/X= 0.28 Cmolx.Cmolxylose-1; on glycerol μmax=0.04h-1 RS/X=0.31Cmolx.Cmolglycerol-1. - specific production rate of lipid production and substrate to product carbon conversion yields from xylose or glycerol as single or cosubstrate with glucose were determinated: 20%xylose-80%glucose : qp=0.065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.3CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 100%xylose : qp=0.035065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.31CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1, 25% glycerol-75%glucose : qp=0.07065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.25CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 , 100% glycerol : qp=0.03065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P= 0.29CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1. - Substrate diversification slightly impacts Rhodotorula glutinis´s lipid profile: xylose leads to an overproduction of C16:0 and C18:3 and glycerol increases C18:0 accumulation

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