"Longer works of fiction," a character in William Gaddis's JR complains of the current literary scene, are now "dismissed as classics and remain . . . largely unread due to the effort involved in reading and turning any more than two hundred pages" (527). This study argues that despite most literary critics constructing American postmodernism as a movement that privileges short works, in contrast to the encyclopedic masterworks of modernism, there are in fact a large number of artistically sophisticated contemporary novels of encyclopedic scope that demonstrate often ignored lines of continuity from works like James Joyce's Ulysses. In arguing this, I attempt not just to draw attention to a neglected strain in contemporary American fiction, but also to provide a more accurate context in which those few recent encyclopedic novels that have assumed centrality, like Gravity's Rainbow, might be evaluated. In doing so, this thesis also seeks to demonstrate the pivotal position of William Gaddis who, despite publishing four impressive novels that engage with the legacy of modernism and pre-empt elements of postmodernism, has been excluded from most studies dealing with the transition between the two movements. Through detailed readings of four encyclopedic novels - Gaddis's The Recognitions, Don DeLillo's Underworld, Richard Powers's The Gold Bug Variations, and David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest - I show Gaddis's continuation of encyclopedic modernism, the importance of his example to later writers, and the continuing vitality of the encyclopedic novel beyond the defined limits of modernism. However, as these novels try to encompass the full circle of knowledge, in order to do justice to their diverse learning I have adopted a different approach in each chapter. Very broadly, they attempt to encircle art, psychology, science, and literature, which, taken together, attempt to synthesise a defence of the contemporary encyclopedic novel. While minimalist writers from Raymond Carver to Ann Beattie have affirmed that less is more, this thesis argues that, in some cases, more really is more.

No description available.

Les romans de Powers, Auster et Wideman sont travaillés par l’image et hantés par l’histoire. Au fil des pages, photographes, peintres, spectateurs visionnaires ou témoins aveugles signifient la toute-puissance d’une image qui, bien souvent, scelle la rencontre du regard et du passé. L’entrée dans l’image est aussi entrée dans l’histoire événementielle, et l’histoire quant à elle ne se donne à voir que sous forme d’image, photographique, picturale ou langagière. Cependant, l’image, qu’elle soit littérale ou littéraire, oppose une temporalité propre au temps de l’histoire : conjonction précaire du passé et du présent, simultanéité de temporalités disjointes, l’image, par son hétérogénéité même, disloque le cours de l’histoire. Dans les six romans de Powers, Auster et Wideman qui constituent le corpus de cette thèse, l’image apparaît alors comme le lieu de la conversion du temps chronologique en temps imaginaire ; par le truchement de l’image, le temps des horloges est suspendu tandis qu’afflue celui de la fiction. En reconfigurant le temps, l’image politise l’écriture des trois écrivains : parce qu’elle est en excès de tout discours historiciste, elle fait exploser les mythes fondateurs de l’Amérique et les postulats d’une histoire orientée. Elle démonte le discours du progrès chez Powers, brouille le code des couleurs chez Wideman, et vide le symbole de sa force consensuelle chez Auster. Elle ouvre un temps convulsif à l’intérieur du temps chronologique, et engage, par sa forme même, le regard qui se pose sur elle. Parce qu’elle est force explosive et fictionnante, l’image engendre alors une communauté qui ne communie plus autour de mythes et de symboles, mais s’éprouve en tant que fiction ; l’image apparaît ainsi comme une image « en reste », un résidu et une réserve qui désœuvre la communauté, défait toute clôture narrative et totalité organique, et réinvente les imaginaires du commun. / Auster’s, Power’s and Wideman’s novels are wrought by images and haunted by history. Page after page, photographers, painters, visionary onlookers, or blind witnesses testify to the might of images that force the gaze to confront the past. Entering an image also means entering history and history, in its turn, reveals itself under the form of photographic, pictorial, or verbal images. However, the image, whether literal or literary, pits its own temporality against the time of history : a tenuous conjunction of past and present, a simultaneous combination of disconnected temporalities, the image, by its very heterogeneity, disrupts the flow of history. In the six novels by Paul Auster, Richard Powers, and John Edgar Wideman that make up the corpus of this dissertation, the image then is the crux where chronological time is converted into imaginary time; through the image, clockset time is suspended while the time of fiction flows in. By rearranging time, the image politicizes the writings of these three authors: because it exceeds historicist and positivist discourses, the image blows apart the founding myths of America and the premises of a biased history. In Powers’s novels, it debunks the discourse of progress, in Wideman’s it blurs the code of colours , and drains the symbol of its consensual strength in Auster’s. The image opens up a convulsive time within chronological time and by its sheer form, commits the gaze that rests on it. Because of its explosive and fictional strength, the image begets a community that no longer communes around myths and symbols but experiences itself as fictional ; a lingering image, a remnant and a supply of meaning, it makes the community inoperative, as it undermines narrative closure and ruins any notion of an organic whole, thus crafting new forms of poetic commonality.

As more and more critics now write about postmodernism in the past tense, the 'New Sincerity' of a group of late twentieth-century American writers, led by David Foster Wallace, Jonathan Franzen, and Richard Powers, has been championed as one of its successors. In response to these increasingly widespread views, this dissertation argues that much more can be learned about these three writers when we stop thinking of their work within this 'end of postmodernism' discourse. Instead of attempting to make claims about its novelty, this thesis conducts a literary-historical inquiry into the New Sincerity, arguing that its roots extend across postmodernism and reach back to regionalism, in particular from the midwestern provinces that all three authors grew up in and that occupy a central place in their work. Though regionalism's subject matter, small-town America, is commonly believed to have died in the postwar period, it is this 'death of the prairie town' and its symbolic afterlife that have opened up new literary possibilities outside the realm of conventional regionalism. The powerful feelings of loss and nostalgia that its death has engendered are precisely those of which Wallace, Franzen, Powers, and the New Sincerity in general make creative use. The thesis examines how they do so in a series of three extended chapters, each of which focuses on one author. The first chapter pays careful attention to Wallace's re-imagining of the Midwest over the course of his career and reveals how he constantly deviated from the literary trajectory he had outlined in his essay 'E Unibus Pluram,' a key text in the 'end of postmodernism' discourse. The second chapter explores what role the Midwest plays in Franzen's authorial self-presentation and his contradictory attempts to balance 'high-art' status with an anti-elitist image. The third and final chapter gets to the root of Powers's problems with flat characters by examining how he all too readily relies on the Midwest and its stereotypical associations with all-American goodness in his attempts to create endearing characters. Here, as well as in the other two chapters, it is the construction of a symbolic 'heartland' that plays a central role in the creative process behind the author's New Sincerity writing.

No description available.

This essay explores the different levels of scale used in Richard Powers’ novel The Overstory. The central thesis of this essay, “The Novel on a New Scale: Considering the World in a Tree’s Lifetime,” examines the different levels of scale, from the general concept to the particular scale of the novel as a medium, as well as the spatial and temporal scales of human and non-human entities in The Overstory. This exploration unfolds through four sections, each with its own sub-sections: Scale, History to Fiction, The Character and the Decentering of the Human, and the Temporal Scale.            By examining how The Overstory tackles the challenges of operating on multiple scales to provide an authentic narrative, this essay contributes to the emerging field of Anthropocene fiction. It further emphasizes the need to acknowledge multiple scales both as authors and readers, as they inherit the power to shift perspectives. Richard Powers is a novelist who successfully brings the natural world closer to his readers while truthfully addressing the critical issues of climate change and deforestation.