The Manakov system appears in the physics of optical fibers, as well as in quantum mechanics, as multi-component versions of the Nonlinear Schr\"odinger and the Gross-Pitaevskii equations.Although the Manakov system is completely integrable its solutions are far from being explicit in most cases. However, the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) can be exploited to obtain asymptotic information about solutions.This thesis will describe the IST of the Manakov system, and its asymptotic behavior at short times. I will compare the focusing and defocusing behavior, numerically and analytically, for squared barrier initial potentials. Finally, I will show that the continuous spectrum gives the dominant contribution at short-times.

Master of Science / Mathematics / Nathan Albin / Pietro Poggi-Corradini / This report explores singular integration, both real and complex, focusing on the the Cauchy type integral, culminating in the proof of generalized Sokhotski-Plemelj formulae and the applications of such to a Riemann-Hilbert problem.

We begin this dissertation by presenting a brief introduction to the theory of solitons and integrability (plus some classical methods applied in this field) in Chapter 1, mainly using the Korteweg-de Vries equation as a typical model. At the end of this Chapter a mathematical framework of notations and terminologies is established for the whole dissertation. In Chapter 2, we first introduce two specific matrix spectral problems (with 3 potentials) associated with matrix Lie algebras $\mbox{sl}(2;\mathbb{R})$ and $\mbox{so}(3;\mathbb{R})$, respectively; and then we engender two soliton hierarchies. The computation and analysis of their Hamiltonian structures based on the trace identity affirms that the obtained hierarchies are Liouville integrable. This chapter shows the entire process of how a soliton hierarchy is engendered by starting from a proper matrix spectral problem. In Chapter 3, at first we elucidate the Gauge equivalence among three types $u$-linear Hamiltonian operators, and construct then the corresponding B\"acklund transformations among them explicitly. Next we derive the if-and-only-if conditions under which the linear coupling of the discussed u-linear operators and matrix differential operators with constant coefficients is still Hamiltonian. Very amazingly, the derived conditions show that the resulting Hamiltonian operators is truncated only up to the 3rd differential order. Finally, a few relevant examples of integrable hierarchies are illustrated. In Chapter, 4 we first present a generalized modified Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy. Then for one of the equations in this hierarchy, we build the associated Riemann-Hilbert problems with some equivalent spectral problems. Next, computation of soliton solutions is performed by reducing the Riemann-Hilbert problems to those with identity jump matrix, i.e., those correspond to reflectionless inverse scattering problems. Finally a special reduction of the original matrix spectral problem will be briefly discussed.

In chapter 1, we present some background knowledge about random matrices, Coulomb gas, orthogonal polynomials, asymptotics of planar orthogonal polynomials and the Riemann-Hilbert problem. In chapter 2, we consider the monic orthogonal polynomials, $\{P_{n,N}(z)\}_{n=0,1,\cdots},$ that satisfy the orthogonality condition, \begin{equation}\nonumber \int_\mathbb{C}P_{n,N}(z)\overline{P_{m,N}(z)}e^{-N Q(z)}dA(z)=h_{n,N}\delta_{nm} \quad(n,m=0,1,2,\cdots), \end{equation} where $h_{n,N}$ is a (positive) norming constant and the external potential is given by $$Q(z)=|z|^2+ \frac{2c}{N}\log \frac{1}{|z-a|},\quad c>-1,\quad a>0.$$ The orthogonal polynomial is related to the interacting Coulomb particles with charge $+1$ for each, in the presence of an extra particle with charge $+c$ at $a.$ For $N$ large and a fixed ``c'' this can be a small perturbation of the Gaussian weight. The polynomial $P_{n,N}(z)$ can be characterized by a matrix Riemann--Hilbert problem \cite{Ba 2015}. We then apply the standard nonlinear steepest descent method \cite{Deift 1999, DKMVZ 1999} to derive the strong asymptotics of $P_{n,N}(z)$ when $n$ and $N$ go to $\infty.$ From the asymptotic behavior of $P_{n,N}(z),$ we find that, as we vary $c,$ the limiting distribution behaves discontinuously at $c=0.$ We observe that the mother body (a kind of potential theoretic skeleton) also behaves discontinuously at $c=0.$ The smooth interpolation of the discontinuity is obtained by further scaling of $c=e^{-\eta N}$ in terms of the parameter $\eta\in[0,\infty).$ To obtain the results for arbitrary values of $c$, we used the ``partial Schlesinger transform'' method developed in \cite{BL 2008} to derive an arbitrary order correction in the Riemann--Hilbert analysis. In chapter 3, we consider the case of multiple logarithmic singularities. The planar orthogonal polynomials $\{p_n(z)\}_{n=0,1,\cdots}$ with respect to the external potential that is given by $$Q(z)=|z|^2+ 2\sum_{j=1}^lc_j\log \frac{1}{|z-a_j|},$$ where $\{a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_l\}$ is a set of nonzero complex numbers and $\{c_1, c_2, \cdots, c_l\}$ is a set of positive real numbers. We show that the planar orthogonal polynomials $p_{n}(z)$ with $l$ logarithmic singularities in the potential are the multiple orthogonal polynomials $p_{{\bf{n}}}(z)$ (Hermite-Pad\'e polynomials) of Type II with $l$ measures of degree $|{\bf{n}}|=n=\kappa l+r,$ ${\bf{n}}=(n_1,\cdots,n_l)$ satisfying the orthogonality condition, $$ \frac{1}{2\ii}\int_{\Gamma}p_{{\bf{n}}}(z) z^k\chi_{{\bf{n}}-{\bf{e}}_j}(z)\dd z=0, \quad 0\leq k\leq n_j-1,\quad 1\leq j\leq l,$$ where $\Gamma$ is a certain simple closed curve with counterclockwise orientation and $$ \chi_{{\bf{n}}-{\bf{e}}_j}(z):= \prod_{i=1}^l(z-a_i)^{c_i }\int_{0}^{\overline{z}\times\infty}\frac{\prod_{i=1}^l(s-\bar{a}_i)^{n_i+c_i}}{(s-\bar{a}_j)\ee^{zs}}\,\dd s. $$ Such equivalence allows us to formulate the $(l+1)\times(l+1)$ Riemann--Hilbert problem for $p_n(z)$. We also find the ratio between the determinant of the moment matrix corresponding to the multiple orthogonal polynomials and the determinant of the moment matrix from the original planar measure.

Nous considérons les fibrés à connexion non-singulière ou méromorphe, de rang 2 et sans trace sur les surfaces de Riemann compactes de genre quelconque. <br />En déformant la courbe, la position des pôles et la connexion, nous construisons la déformation isomonodromique universelle d'un tel fibré à connexion. Notre construction spécifique au cas du rang 2 et sans trace est plus élémentaire que la construction en rang quelconque due à B. Malgrange et I. Krichever au sens où elle ne nécessite pas d'analyse de Stokes des singularités irrégulières. De plus, elle englobe le cas des singularités résonantes de manière naturelle.<br />Nous montrons que le fibré vectoriel sous-jacent à la déformation isomonodromique universelle est génériquement 'maximalement' stable, pourvu que le fibré à connexion initial soit irréductible. À cette fin, nous démontrons une version analytique du résultat de semicontinuité de M. Maruyama, puis nous nous ramenons à un problème de transversalité de feuilletages. À l'aide d'exemples explicites, nous montrons que la condition d'irréductibilité est nécessaire et que l'ensemble analytique des paramètres non génériques au sens ci-dessus peut être non algébrique.

Ce mémoire est consacré à la résolution du problème de Plateau à bord polygonal dans l'espace euclidien et dans l'espace de Minkowski de dimension trois. Il s'appuie sur la méthode de résolution proposée par René Garnier dans le cas euclidien dans un article publié en 1928 et qui a été oublié depuis, voire ignoré à l'époque. Plus géométrique et constructive que la méthode variationnelle, l'approche de Garnier est cependant parfois très compliquée, voire obscure et incomplète. On retranscrit sa démonstration dans un formalisme moderne, tout en proposant de nouvelles preuves plus simples, et en en complétant certaines lacunes. Ce travail repose principalement sur l'utilisation plus systématique des systèmes fuchsiens et la mise en évidence du lien entre la réalité de ces systèmes et leur monodromie. Ceci nous permet d'étendre le résultat de Garnier dans l'espace de Minkowski. La méthode de Garnier repose sur le fait que, par la représentation de Weierstrass spinorielle des surfaces minimales, on peut associer une équation fuchsienne réelle du second ordre définie sur la sphère de Riemann à tout disque minimal à bord polygonal. La monodromie de cette équation est déterminée par les directions orientées des côtés du bord. Pour résoudre le problème de Plateau, on est donc amené à résoudre un problème de Riemann-Hilbert. On procède ensuite en deux étapes : on construit d'abord, par déformations isomonodromiques, la famille de tous les disques minimaux dont le bord est un polygone de directions orientées données. Puis on montre, en étudiant les longueurs des côtés des bords polygonaux, qu'on obtient ainsi tout polygone comme bord d'un disque minimal.

Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2008.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 felix_hm_me_sjrp.pdf: 466258 bytes, checksum: 32a3a8d16827478e36816f3317716601 (MD5) / O estudo da obtenção de fórmulas assintóticas para polinômios ortogonais clássicos foi amplamente desenvolvido por Szegö. Recentemente, a necessidade de obtenção de assintóticas para polinômios, ortogonais com respeito a funções peso variadas, foi renovada devido a novos estudos na teoria de matrizes randômicas. Nestes estudos, uma das principais ferramentas utilizadas é a teoria dos problemas de Riemann-Hilbert, caracterizada pelo método de máxima descida de autoria de Deft e Zhou. Essas novas técnicas também aprimoraram os resultados obtidos por Szegö e outros autores predecessores. O objetivo do presente trabalho é esclarecer a conexão entre as teorias de polinômios ortogonais e problemas de Riemann-Hilbert, demonstrando os passos que devem ser seguidos a fim de se obter assintóticas que valham em qualquer subconjunto compacto do plano complexo. Como aplicação, escolhemos os polinômios ortogonais em [¡1; 1] com respeito a uma função peso modificada de Jacobi. / The study of obtaining asymptotics for Classical Orthogonal Polynomials was vas- tly developed by Szegö. Recently, the need for obtaining asymptotics for polynomials, orthogonal with respect to varied weight functions, was renewed due to new researches in the theory of Random Matrices. In these studies, one of the most important tools used lies in the theory of Riemann-Hilbert problems, enforced by the steepest descent method of Deft and Zhou. These new techniques also have improved the results obtained by Szegö and other previous authors. The main purpose of this work is to explain the connection between the theories of Orthogonal Polynomials and Riemann-Hilbert problems, showing the steps to be followed on the way of finding asymptotics which hold true for any compact subsets of the complex plane. As an application, we choose the polynomials orthogonal on [¡1; 1] with respect to a modified Jacobi weight.

We consider orthogonal polynomials P_n satisfying orthogonality relations where the measure of orthogonality is, in general, a complex-valued Borel measure supported on subsets of the complex plane. In our consideration we will focus on measures of the form d\mu(z) = \rho(z) dz where the function \rho may depend on other auxiliary parameters. Much of the asymptotic analysis is done via the Riemann-Hilbert problem and the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, and relies heavily on notions from logarithmic potential theory.

Riemann-Hilbert-Probleme sind Randwertaufgaben für im Einheitskreis $\mathbb D$ holomorphe Funktionen $w$, deren Randwerte $w(t)$ auf gewissen Kurven $M_t$ liegen sollen. Ein Teil der Untersuchungen ist dem Fall explizit gegebener Kurven gewidmet. Dabei werden bekannte Resultate über glatte Kurven auf stetige Restriktionskurven erweitert, und die Existenz von Lösungen in gewissen Hardy-Räumen gezeigt. Die Eindeutigkeitsfrage führt auf ein Gegenbeispiel, das zugleich eine Vermutung aus einer Dissertation von Belch widerlegt. Der andere Teil der Untersuchungen ist dem klassischen Fall geschlossener Restriktionskurven gewidmet. Hier steht statt der Abschwächung von Glattheitsvoraussetzungen die Formulierung geeigneter Nebenbedingungen im Mittelpunkt. Die Abhängigkeit der Lösung von Zusatzbedingungen erweist sich als Verallgemeinerung des Verhaltens von Blaschkeprodukten. Für drei Interpolationpunkte kann charakterisiert werden, wann durch sie eine Lösung mit Windungszahl 1 verläuft, durch $k$ Interpolationspunkte wird die Existenz einer Lösung mit Windungszahl $k-1$ gezeigt.