L’objet de cette étude porte exclusivement sur le droit à un environnement sain en droit européen tel qu’il est décliné par les deux grands ordres juridiques européens, constitutifs de ce droit, à savoir celui du Conseil de l’Europe et celui de l’Union européenne. Il apparait fondamental de comprendre comment ces deux ordres juridiques à la fois complémentaires mais aussi concurrents peuvent se saisir de manière similaire ou au contraire sensiblement différente du grand enjeu que constitue le droit à un environnement sain. Le choix d’étudier le droit à un environnement dans un contexte européen est justifié par l’approche inédite offerte par le droit européen en tant que champ d’analyse. En effet, les deux organisations et leurs ordres juridiques respectifs, l’Union européenne et le Conseil de l’Europe, sont deux systèmes qui œuvrent différemment, qui sont animées par des objectifs singuliers mais qui n’excluent pas pour autant certains rapprochements. Ainsi le droit à un environnement sain en Europe est le plus souvent appréhendé sous deux angles distincts. D’un côté, l’angle « droit de l’hommiste » très privilégié par le Conseil de l’Europe qui revendique son rôle de pionnier dans la protection des droits de l’homme, de la démocratie et de l’État de droit. D’un autre côté, l’Union européenne, conçue d’abord comme une Union économique et qui est une organisation qui reste fondamentalement animée par des objectifs économiques. Certes, l’UE défend et protège aussi les droits de l’homme. Mais l’environnement sain ou le niveau de protection élevé de l’environnement qui constitue son corolaire est plus fréquemment confronté aux libertés fondamentales garanties par l’UE, en particulier la libre circulation dans le cadre du marché intérieur. Cette balance entre approche droit de l’homme et approche marché intérieur est très spécifique au droit de l’Union. Le droit européen sera étudié dans une approche systémique, c’est-à-dire en tant que processus de production des normes. Cette singularité du droit européen à l’environnement sain et sa dynamique méritent d’être appréhendées tant du point de vue de la reconnaissance de droit que de sa mise en œuvre, dont on verra qu’elle est animée par des ressorts propres à chacune des grandes organisations, mais qui ne sont pas forcément exclusifs les uns des autres. / The subject of this study focuses exclusively on the right to a healthy environment in European law as it is defined by the two major European legal systems which constitute this right: Council of Europe and European Union. It seems fundamental to understand how these two complementary but also competing legal orders can be seized in a similar way or, on the contrary, significantly different from the great challenge of the right to a healthy environment. The choice to study the right to an environment in a European context is justified by the special approach offered by European law as a field of analysis. Indeed, the two organizations and their respective legal orders, the European Union and the Council of Europe, are two systems that work differently, which are driven by singular objectives but which do not exclude certain reconciliations. Thus the right to a healthy environment in Europe is most often apprehended from two different approaches. On the one hand, the "droit de l’hommiste" angle, very much favored by the Council of Europe, which claims its pioneering role in the protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law . On the other hand, the European Union, first conceived as an Economic Union and an organization that remains fundamentally driven by economic objectives. Of course, the EU also defends and protects human rights. But the healthy environment or the high level of environmental protection that is its corollary is more frequently confronted with fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the EU, in particular freedom of movement within the framework of the internal market. This balance between the human right approach and the internal market approach is very specific to EU law. European law will be studied in a systemic approach: process of norm production. This specificity of European law to the healthy environment and its dynamics deserve to be apprehended both from the point of view of the recognition of right and its implementation, which we will see that it is animated by springs specific to each of organizations, but which are not necessarily exclusive of each other.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvanaldoSSJ.pdf: 1689543 bytes, checksum: f639e03fbb6c1d5cf779099616f0de68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 / The Article 225 of Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in its main body, stipulates that everyone is entitled to ecologically balanced environment and the use of common people and essential to the healthy quality of life, should be imposed on public authorities and the community the duty to defend it and preserve it for present and future generations. Following a universal trend, the letter raised the Brazilian environment the category of one of those values ideals of social order, dedicating it, along with a constitution of rules sparse, a chapter, itself, which definitely, institutionalized the right to healthy environment as a fundamental right of the individual. The national public policies and state should be in line with modern theories of Sustainable Development, outlined within the international society, and certainly instruments that should be made effective through the mobilization of civil society as a whole. The implementation of Human Rights, in fact, depends on a strong political action and not just a legal problem. Thus, this work of theoretical-descriptive nature we will address various dimensions of sustainable development, such as environmental education, water, sanitation, health and sustainable development plans, evaluating its current stage in our state / O art. 225 da Constitui??o da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil de 1988, em seu caput, prev? que todos t?m direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, bem de uso comum do povo e essencial ? sadia qualidade de vida, devendo ser imposto ao poder p?blico e ? coletividade o dever de defend?-lo e preserv?-lo para as presentes e futuras gera??es. Seguindo uma tend?ncia universal, a Carta brasileira erigiu o meio ambiente ? categoria de um daqueles valores ideais da ordem social, dedicando-lhe, a par de uma Constitui??o de regras esparsas, um cap?tulo, pr?prio, que definitivamente, institucionalizou o direito ao ambiente sadio como um direito fundamental do indiv?duo. As pol?ticas p?blicas nacionais e estaduais devem ficar em conson?ncia com as modernas teorias acerca do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, delineadas no seio da sociedade internacional, sendo indubitavelmente instrumentos que dever?o ser tornados eficazes mediante a mobiliza??o da sociedade civil como um todo. A concretiza??o dos Direitos Humanos, de fato, depende de uma forte atua??o pol?tica, n?o sendo apenas um problema jur?dico. Desta forma, nesta disserta??o de natureza te?rica-descritiva iremos abordar diversas dimens?es do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, como Educa??o Ambiental, recursos h?dricos, saneamento b?sico, sa?de e planos de desenvolvimentos sustent?veis, avaliando o seu atual est?gio no nosso estado