In the recent political climate, the debate regarding undocumented immigrants and what, if anything, they are entitled to in the US has been incredibly contentious. In the bioethics portion of this thesis, I examine two of the major frameworks for distributive justice, cosmopolitanism and the political conception, address the criminal aspect of undocumented immigration, and suggest a switch from a focus on criminality to focusing on the forces that incentivize undocumented immigration to determine the type of claim undocumented immigrants have to health resources. In the biology portion, I examine three case studies: respiratory tract infection, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis to illustrate health disparities among undocumented populations. I conclude that based on their participation in shared social cooperation and the unspoken shadow contract of companies incentivizing undocumented immigrants to come to the US to provide cheap labor, undocumented immigrants do have a right to access healthcare in the US. However, we should account for risk factors such as other marginalized identities, country of origin, and rate and methods of disease transmission when determining exactly what that care should look like.

O presente trabalho pretende sistematizar e analisar a doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais (direito à saúde, educação e moradia) produzida entre os anos de 1964 e 2006. O seu desenvolvimento ocorre em quatro capítulos. No capítulo I, apresento quais foram os critérios utilizados para a coleta dos textos jurídicos (artigos de revistas, capítulos de livro e livros). Um dos pontos importantes para esta pesquisa é justamente o levantamento bibliográfico. Assim detalhei todos os procedimentos seguidos para obter os textos que compõem o que denomino \"doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais\". O capítulo II traz o arcabouço teórico necessário para uma análise da doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais. Dedico o capítulo III para retratar a doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais. Esse retrato está construído em dois momentos distintos. No primeiro momento, exponho tal doutrina em números mostrando a produção de textos referente aos anos de 1964-2006. No segundo momento, sistematizo-a a partir de temas que são abordados pela própria doutrina. Assim, mostro (a) quais são os temas considerados relevantes; (b) quais são as respostas construídas para os problemas relacionados aos direitos sociais. Assim, retrato a doutrina a partir dela própria sem pressupor quais seriam os temas mais importantes. Pretendi dar voz completa aos textos sem aparecer como doutrinador neste momento. Por fim, no capítulo IV, analiso a doutrina a partir da minha lente teórica criticando-a, propondo uma agenda de debate e destacando suas características. / This thesis surveys and analyses Brazilian legal scholarship on social rights (rights to healthcare, education and housing) between 1964 and 2006. Chapter I presents the methodology for the selection of the texts used (journal articles, book chapters and books) so as to explain in detail the criteria for the formation of a corpus of what I call the Brazilian social rights doctrine. Chapter II examines the theory used in this thesis. Chapter III examines such doctrine first by presenting data on the volume of texts published between 1964 and 2006 and then by organizing them according to their subject matter. This strategy allows one to (a) identify topics considered relevant by scholars in different moments; (b) identify the answers offered by scholars to the problem of social rights. Chapter IV critically analyses the Brazilian social rights doctrine and offers an agenda for future debate.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-24T11:46:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos Cedenho.pdf: 8307782 bytes, checksum: 77b011484d6251debb81bd1e6d6df0f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T11:46:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos Cedenho.pdf: 8307782 bytes, checksum: 77b011484d6251debb81bd1e6d6df0f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / Healthcare, when seen as a subjective right, is a necessary condition for the realization of a fully developed human life, and once it is considered a social right, is a prerogative that coincides with the higher interests of the State. It has become expressly integrated into the roster of fundamental rights and guarantees alongside other social rights in the Constitution of 1988, demarcating the role of the Rule of Law. In this way, it is imposed as a positive right that requires provisions on the part of the State, demanding the realization of tasks – one of them being the concession of medications through public policy – whose very compliance is consubstantial to the right to healthcare. The current research, while inserted into this conjuncture, seeks to identify, analyze, and understand the judicial criteria for the construction of the right to healthcare elaborated within the scope of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF), judiciary institution and constitutional court, especially in cases of the concession of medications which are not registered by the National Agency for Health Inspection (Anvisa). The significant judicialization of healthcare in recente decades, due to the negative response of the State regarding cases that extrapolate what has been foreseen by public policy and, furthermore, oppose what has been expressly determined by law (article 19-T of Law 8.080/90) indicates the complexity, relevance and urgency of the theme. Upon understanding healthcare as a fundamental right related to citizenship and human dignity, this research seeks to delineate the concept of healthcare and delimit current legal parameters. Starting from this outline, the deficits and challenges that present themselves in the form of metajudicial problems were pointed out and the orientations for the judicial standardization faced with considerable judicialization were presented. Through a selection of judgements issued by the Brazilian Supreme Court that deal with the concession of medication (especially medications not registered by Anvisa), the research aimed to identify and analyze arguments and counter-arguments in order to understand what judicial criteria are currently empolyed in the construction of access to healthcare / A saúde é circunstância necessária para a realização do pleno desenvolvimento da vida humana, na condição de direito subjetivo, e uma vez considerada direito social, é prerrogativa que coincide com os interesses superiores do Estado. Passou a integrar expressamente o rol de direitos e garantias fundamentais ao lado dos demais direitos sociais na Constituição de 1988, demarcando o perfil do Estado Democrático de Direito. Impõe-se, dessa forma, como direito positivo, que requer prestação por parte do Estado, exigindo a realização de tarefas – sendo a concessão de medicamentos por meio de políticas públicas uma delas – cujo próprio cumprimento se consubstancia no direito à saúde. A presente pesquisa, inserida nessa conjuntura, objetiva identificar, analisar e compreender os critérios jurídicos de construção do direito à saúde elaborados no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal, instituição judiciária e corte constitucional, especialmente nos casos de concessão de medicamentos não registrados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Avisa). A significativa judicialização da saúde nas últimas décadas, em razão da negativa do Estado em atender os casos que ultrapassam o previsto nas políticas públicas, e mais, que se contrapõem à determinação legal expressa (artigo 19-T da Lei n. 8.080/90) sinalizam a complexidade, relevância e urgência do tema. Ao compreender a saúde como direito fundamental, relacionado com a cidadania e com a dignidade da pessoa humana, a presente pesquisa buscou delinear o conceito de saúde e delimitar os parâmetros legais atuais. A partir deste esboço, foram apontados os déficits e os desafios que se apresentam na forma de problemas metajurídicos, e foram apresentadas as orientações para uma padronização jurídica diante da considerável judicialização. Por meio da seleção de julgados que tratam da concessão de medicamentos (especialmente de medicamentos não registrados na Anvisa) proferidos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, objetivou-se identificar e analisar os argumentos e contraargumentos a fim de compreender quais são atualmente os critérios jurídicos na construção do acesso à saúde

O presente trabalho pretende sistematizar e analisar a doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais (direito à saúde, educação e moradia) produzida entre os anos de 1964 e 2006. O seu desenvolvimento ocorre em quatro capítulos. No capítulo I, apresento quais foram os critérios utilizados para a coleta dos textos jurídicos (artigos de revistas, capítulos de livro e livros). Um dos pontos importantes para esta pesquisa é justamente o levantamento bibliográfico. Assim detalhei todos os procedimentos seguidos para obter os textos que compõem o que denomino \"doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais\". O capítulo II traz o arcabouço teórico necessário para uma análise da doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais. Dedico o capítulo III para retratar a doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais. Esse retrato está construído em dois momentos distintos. No primeiro momento, exponho tal doutrina em números mostrando a produção de textos referente aos anos de 1964-2006. No segundo momento, sistematizo-a a partir de temas que são abordados pela própria doutrina. Assim, mostro (a) quais são os temas considerados relevantes; (b) quais são as respostas construídas para os problemas relacionados aos direitos sociais. Assim, retrato a doutrina a partir dela própria sem pressupor quais seriam os temas mais importantes. Pretendi dar voz completa aos textos sem aparecer como doutrinador neste momento. Por fim, no capítulo IV, analiso a doutrina a partir da minha lente teórica criticando-a, propondo uma agenda de debate e destacando suas características. / This thesis surveys and analyses Brazilian legal scholarship on social rights (rights to healthcare, education and housing) between 1964 and 2006. Chapter I presents the methodology for the selection of the texts used (journal articles, book chapters and books) so as to explain in detail the criteria for the formation of a corpus of what I call the Brazilian social rights doctrine. Chapter II examines the theory used in this thesis. Chapter III examines such doctrine first by presenting data on the volume of texts published between 1964 and 2006 and then by organizing them according to their subject matter. This strategy allows one to (a) identify topics considered relevant by scholars in different moments; (b) identify the answers offered by scholars to the problem of social rights. Chapter IV critically analyses the Brazilian social rights doctrine and offers an agenda for future debate.

Medical expenses refer to all medical and related expenditure reasonably incurred in respect of bodily injuries sustained. This then constitutes the primary loss in incidences of bodily injuries. However, it is accepted that bodily injuries infringe in the main the non-patrimonial aspects of the individual’s bodily integrity which is a personality right. Notwithstanding this trite provision of our law, the dissertation contends that medical expenses as a head of damages is inherently patrimonial. In essence, the true nature of medical expenses as a loss that ultimately affects both the patrimonial and non-patrimonial interests of the individual, is considered. Furthermore, the dissertation analyses the assessment and quantification mechanisms in our law, and makes a comparative study with the corresponding positions in England and Australia. The intended outcome of this dissertation is to provide clear guidelines for the award of damages, particularly where future loss is involved. / Private Law / LLM

Child rights, especially the right to health for children, is a concept of human development. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the obstacles to gender equality in the right to healthcare for children under five years in East Champaran, Bihar, North India. Ten key informant interviews and nine focus group discussions with mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers were conducted to research the barriers of guardians to accessing healthcare for their children, including their root beliefs and choices, which causes health inequalities. It was found that a strong patriarchal tradition predominates in these communities in North India, which favour sons and disadvantages daughters in healthcare provision. Despite the existing child rights and human rights policies that have been legislated, in India traditional practices that discriminate against female children remain dominant in the society, and limit development in East Champaran, Bihar, North India. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Medical expenses refer to all medical and related expenditure reasonably incurred in respect of bodily injuries sustained. This then constitutes the primary loss in incidences of bodily injuries. However, it is accepted that bodily injuries infringe in the main the non-patrimonial aspects of the individual’s bodily integrity which is a personality right. Notwithstanding this trite provision of our law, the dissertation contends that medical expenses as a head of damages is inherently patrimonial. In essence, the true nature of medical expenses as a loss that ultimately affects both the patrimonial and non-patrimonial interests of the individual, is considered. Furthermore, the dissertation analyses the assessment and quantification mechanisms in our law, and makes a comparative study with the corresponding positions in England and Australia. The intended outcome of this dissertation is to provide clear guidelines for the award of damages, particularly where future loss is involved. / Private Law / LLM