Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Security Studies Program / David Graff / This dissertation engages the question of what role the Chinese Righteous War Tradition (CRWT) played in the process of Chinese decision-making regarding the decisions to go to war during the period from 1950 to 1979. It asks whether, in their decision-making, the Chinese leaders identified “just cause” through a frame of reference provided by the CRWT; it asks further under what circumstances the identified “just cause” may have exerted influence upon their decision for war. This dissertation presents the first empirical study exploring the application and influence of the traditional Chinese concept of righteous war to China’s modern history. The CRWT is my label for a set of ideas found in the ancient Chinese classics. These ideas suggest that two major standards, righteousness-based justifications and competent authority, were a frame of reference for the Chinese leaders in their assessment of the legitimacy of a decision for war. The justifications of stopping violence, punishing a disobedient state, helping a weaker state against a stronger state’s invasion, and self-defense are regularly defined in the CRWT as righteous causes for going to war. The identification of competent authority is often related to the perception of moral standing, in which a war can be justified by confronting an opponent who is morally inferior to oneself. This dissertation employs the methods of most similar systems and process tracing to explore the role that the CRWT played in successive Chinese leaders’ decision to use force in six cases – the Korean War, the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, the Sino-Indian War, the Vietnam War between 1964 and 1965, the Sino-Soviet Border Conflict, and the Sino-Vietnamese War. This dissertation also examines the pattern of the Chinese government’s use of wording, presented in the People’s Daily, morally condemning its opponents, which provides supplementary evidence to explore China’s presentation of its own righteous legitimacy. The findings of this research suggest that when the decision for war has been justified within this frame of reference, the Chinese are prone to put that legitimized decision into action. The Chinese concept of righteous war may play a more important role in the decision for war when Chinese leaders encounter an impasse in which two opposite courses of action are suggested by their calculations based on Realpolitik. A sense of the righteous legitimacy of their decision may encourage Chinese leaders to enter a war even when the likely consequence may not appear to favor the Chinese. Furthermore, these findings may well enrich Johnson and Tierney’s theory about the shift of actors’ mind-sets in decision-making because the CRWT may function as a catalyst for the shift. This research also reveals that the CRWT had limited influence when Chinese leaders faced the danger of a possible invasion by a superior opponent or that of nuclear attack. When the need for a decision for war was not open to debate, then, they were not influenced by the consideration of just cause when making their decision.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Koichi Sanoki.pdf: 364702 bytes, checksum: 2bfbfb5e0aab38fbe78fc1450bffde27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Interpreting the Bible passages is a daunting task that requires prior knowledge of the type of literary genre is adequate, as is the text grammatically distributed and to whom he addressed this teaching (the first recipient ) . From a passage in Mt 13:47-50 known as "the parable of the net, " the survey has been developed which aims to highlight the "parable" is a literary genre and demonstrate the theological meaning of this parable and their relationship to throughout the narrative of Matthew about the teachings that deal with criteria for separation, discernment and judgment. The application of a methodology of scientific understanding in the development of this research was to develop a thesis consists of three chapters, the first chapter talks about the parable of the greek world and in the Old Testament to see that it is a literary genre. The second chapter highlights that Jesus used the parable in their preaching, as the parable expresses a truth from what is known of life, also known as the similarity with the purpose of proclaiming the kingdom of heaven. In the third chapter the use of reading in synchronic aspect, this is known from texts, to do this analysis and analysis to obtain theological analysis. It 'was the result of using this methodology can say that the parable is a literary genre and that this application has helped to demonstrate a way to get a theological analysis. Armed with this analysis, you can search the whole of the narrative passages Matthean others with the same characteristics. The expansion of alternative interpretations similar to the theological sense (in this case, the right judgment and choice), helped to make two brief reports of this passage (the parable of the net ), with Mt 13.37 to 42 (the parable of the weeds and wheat) and the other with Mt 25:31-46 (the Judgment) . Proving that a correct interpretation takes the reader and listeners to reflect on themselves and their reality. Therefore, the dedication to this difficult task requires a true understanding of Jesus 'teaching ' and the announcement of his reign / Interpretar trechos (perícope) da Bíblia é uma tarefa árdua que requer do leitor conhecer em qual tipo de gênero literário está adequada, de como está distribuído gramaticalmente o texto e para quem se dirigia tal ensinamento (os primeiros destinatários). A partir de uma perícope de Mt 13,47-50 conhecida como a parábola da rede , objetiva-se a destacar que a parábola se trata de um gênero literário, e demonstrar o sentido teológico dessa parábola e sua relação no conjunto da narrativa mateana referentes aos ensinamentos que tratam sobre os critérios de separação, discernimento e julgamento. Aplicando uma metodologia de interpretação científica no desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa foi elaborada uma dissertação composta de três capítulos, sendo que no primeiro capítulo discorre sobre a parábola no mundo grego e no Antigo Testamento, para constatar que se trata de um gênero literário. No segundo capítulo destaca que Jesus utilizou-se da parábola nas suas pregações, pois a parábola expressa uma verdade a partir de algo conhecido da vida, também conhecida como similitude, com a finalidade de anunciar o reino do Céus. No terceiro capítulo a utilização da leitura sob aspecto sincrônico, partido de textos conhecidos, para fazer a análise gramatical e dessa análise obter a análise teológica. Resulta-se em poder afirmar que a parábola é um gênero literário e que dessa aplicação ajudou a demonstrar uma forma de se obter uma análise teológica. De posse dessa análise é possível buscar no conjunto da narrativa mateana outras perícopes com as mesmas características. Ampliação de alternativas de interpretações com o sentido teológico análoga (neste caso, julgamento e escolha dos justos), ajudou a fazer duas breves relações dessa perícope (a parábola da rede) com Mt 13,37-42 (a parábola do joio e trigo) e a outra com Mt 25,31-46 (o último julgamento). Demonstra que uma correta interpretação leva o leitor e aos ouvintes refletir sobre si mesmos e a sua realidade. Portanto, essa dedicação a essa tarefa árdua, leva uma verdadeira compreensão do ensinamento de Jesus e o anuncio do seu reino

Thesis (M.T.S.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-84).

ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the concept of faith and its relation to the righteous deeds as discussed in early Islamic theology and in response to those discussions, develops a theory of faith and righteous deeds from the Qur’an. The major claim of the dissertation is that the faith theories that were developed in early Islamic theology aimed to identify the minimum necessary qualities for the constitution of faith whereas the Qur’anic theory of faith aims to identify the perfecting qualities for faith. Likewise, the faith theories of early Islamic theology visioned a mereological relation between faith and righteous deeds. However, the Qur’an sets a cyclical relation between the two. In this respect, the dissertation offers an avant-garde theory of faith and righteous deeds based on the Qur’an. It proposes a faith theory that aims for perfection, provides a thick definition for the concept of righteous deed, and dissects the cyclical relation between faith and righteous deeds. To propose a complete Qur’anic theory of faith and righteous deeds, it finally discusses the righteous people and their rewards as depicted in the Qur’an. / Religion

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JEOVA RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1028746 bytes, checksum: 978f9af75148c7194639e15486914a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-12 / This dissertation aims to present the results of a survey in the Old Testament, and the book of the prophet Habakkuk as the central focus of research. This paper seeks to understand the concepts of justice and social injustice and the roles of Yahweh and 'righteous' in the implementation of social justice in the context of Habakkuk. The dissertation is structured into three chapters and is based primarily on a historicalgrammatical reading of the book of Habakkuk. The first chapter presents a historicalcritical analysis of the book of Habakkuk. For that uses some tools of historical-critical method. The second chapter consists of a historical text and context of Habakkuk, presenting information on the authorship of the book, the period of writing and recipient of the prophetic message, and an explanation of the message of the prophet Habakkuk. This exhibition uses as reference the final text of the book that bears his name, as structured in the Portuguese Jerusalem Bible (BJ), who also served as the standard for all Biblical quotations cited in this research. This exhibition takes a historical-grammatical, social and theological. The third chapter seeks to describe the concepts of justice and social injustice in Israel. Discusses how these concepts were treated between the peoples of the Ancient Near East and in Israel since its genesis to the time of the disintegration of the monarchy, and 'how' 'why' and the emergence of the prophet in Israel. This reading is done on a social-historical perspective. The conclusion points out some implications that can be inferred from the analysis of the Prophet Habakkuk, as understanding the concepts of justice and injustice and social partnership between Yahweh and 'righteous' in promoting social justice. / Esta dissertação objetiva apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa no Antigo Testamento, tendo o livro do profeta Habacuc como foco central da pesquisa. Este trabalho busca compreender os conceitos de justiça e injustiça social e os papéis de Yahweh e do justo na implementação da justiça social no contexto de Habacuc. A dissertação está estruturada em três capítulos e fundamenta-se primariamente numa leitura histórico-gramatical do livro de Habacuc. O primeiro capítulo apresenta uma análise histórico-crítica do livro de Habacuc. Para isso utiliza alguns instrumentos do método histórico-crítico. O segundo capítulo consiste de um histórico do texto e contexto de Habacuc, apresentando informações sobre a autoria do livro, o período da escrita e o destinatário da mensagem profética, e de uma exposição da mensagem do profeta Habacuc. Essa exposição utiliza como referencial o texto final do livro que leva seu nome, conforme estruturado na Bíblia de Jerusalém (BJ), que também serviu de padrão para todas as citações bíblicas mencionadas nesta pesquisa. Essa exposição se dá numa perspectiva histórico-gramatical, social e teológica. O terceiro capítulo, busca descrever os conceitos de justiça e injustiça social em Israel. Discute a maneira como esses conceitos foram tratados entre os povos do Oriente Antigo e em Israel desde sua gênese até a época da desintegração da monarquia, e o como e o porquê do surgimento do Profetismo em Israel. Essa leitura é feita numa perspectiva histórico-social. A conclusão aponta algumas implicações que podem ser inferidas a partir da análise do livro do profeta Habacuc, conforme a compreensão dos conceitos de justiça e injustiça social e de parceria entre Yahweh e o justo na promoção da justiça social.

It has been nearly sixty years since the October 1943 Danish rescue of Danish Jewry. Since this time, no historian has examined the role that the timing of the planned Jewish round-up played in the degree of success of the rescue. Would a National Socialist round-up of the Danish Jews have been successful if it occurred in 1941 for example? As long as the Danish government was in power, no anti-Jewish measures were implemented in Denmark. Within a month of the Danish government's resignation, National Socialist plans to eliminate Danish Jewry were being drafted. This thesis examines the major events in Denmark that led to the resignation of the Danish government in August 1943, and the failed plan to round-up and deport the Danish Jews. The most important conclusion of this thesis is that to a significant degree, the Danish people were successful in their rescue of Danish Jews because of the timing of the anti-Jewish measures.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-138).

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-25T14:17:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOVANIR LAGE.pdf: 1704014 bytes, checksum: 7348405f68bec44a617b0f44c997f3c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T14:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOVANIR LAGE.pdf: 1704014 bytes, checksum: 7348405f68bec44a617b0f44c997f3c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research is organized from the problem of the opposition between “wicked and righteous” going through the different types of texts from the Persian period under the following question: Who is the [v'r' in Israeli society, and because this term appears with greater intensity in the post-exilic period? This research aims mainly to research the reasons that influenced the introduction of [v'r' terminology “wicked” in certain psalms, such as identification of the enemy. Secondary objectives of our research are: (1) analyze the conceptual formation of [v'r' in its anti-positive feature with qyDIc;; “righteous” emphasizing the ethical axis, characterized as one of the word interpretations; (2) to study the function of the word within the Psalms of Lament, supported the exegetical study of Psalm 55; (3) to understand critically, analyzing the implications of the use of [v'r' as evil representation in the social development of the Jewish community in the post-exilic period. In our approach we intend treat such study from ethical axis, extending the research to the analysis of interpretative motivations Solidarity without Old Testament context / A presente pesquisa organiza-se a partir do problema da contraposição entre “malfeitores e justos” que atravessa os diversos tipos de textos do período persa sob a seguinte pergunta: Quem é o [v'r' na sociedade israelita, e porque este termo surge com maior intensidade no período pós-exílio? O objetivo desta pesquisa visa principalmente, a investigação das razões que influenciaram a introdução da terminologia [v'r' “malfeitor” em determinados salmos, como identificação do inimigo. Os objetivos secundários de nossa investigação serão: (1) analisar a formação conceitual do [v'r' dentro de sua característica anti-positiva com o qyDIc; “justo” enfatizando o eixo ético, caracterizado como uma das interpretações do termo; (2) estudar a função do termo dentro dos Salmos de Lamentação, apoiado no estudo exegético do Salmo 55; (3) entender de forma crítica, a análise das implicações do uso do [v'r' como representação da maldade no desenvolvimento social da comunidade israelita no período pós-exílio. Em nossa abordagem pretendemos tratar de tal estudo a partir do eixo ético, estendendo a investigação para a análise das motivações interpretativas da solidariedade no contexto veterotestamentário.

Diploma thesis Honors Righteous Among the Nations in the context of the Second World War: the life stories of the awarded deals with The Righteous Among the Nations Award, which is awarded to people of Jewish origin, who during the Second World War selflessly helped the Jewish people survive. The aim is to increase awareness of the aforementioned awards and especially bring specific fates of people who have received it. Examined and interpreted sub- themes that determine the specifics of how to obtain this award. These issues include the motivation to help others during everyday concealment, friendship etc. Individual interviews with bearers that bring unique and direct evidence are placed in the broader context of the Second World War, which focuses primarily on the issue of the final solution of the Jewish question. Examination of the Second World War is underpinned by a rich resource base that supports the overall character of the text.

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