The issue of crime victim in criminology Resume The purpose of my thesis is to describe all aspects of the situation of the victims, to find some problems they have to solve and to suggest the possible solutions of these problems. I find this topic very interesting. In the past, people concerned only with perpetrators of crimes. The victims were ignored. The situation is better now, nevertheless the position of the victims is not as good as it should be. It is necessary to make some changes, mainly to prevent secondary victimization because it is a big problem the victims must deal with. It is also very important to make some changes in our legislation to improve the position of the victims. The thesis is composed of ten chapters which are divided into subchapters. The chapter one deals with victimology. The first part focuses on a history of victimology and the second part deals with its subject. The chapter two concentrates on the term Victim. It also focuses on some aspects that increase the probability of becoming a victim. Finally, the third part of this chapter deals with the typology of the victims. The chapter three describes the process of victimization. Especially it concentrates on primary and secondary victimization, on secondary victimization of the victims of a rape and finally it describes...

Crime is a complex social problem which has a diverse range of socioeconomic and legal consequences. Its effects upon victims are equally wide-ranging. In the cases of both violent and non-violent crimes, the effects and consequences for victims can assume any of a great many different forms. Dinisman and Moroz (2017) confirm that the effects can be deleterious in respects such as the physical health, emotional well-being, financial security, and prospects for employment or higher education. In addition, the intensity of the effects upon victims is influenced by many different factors. Evidence suggests that the nature of crimes which are committed and their seriousness do not in themselves account solely for differences in the severity of the effects which victims experience (Dinisman & Moroz, 2017). In the past, many organisations, including government departments, have been concerned mainly with rendering services to victims of child abuse and domestic violence, often at the expense of victims of serious crimes such as murder, rape, car hijacking, armed robbery and assault. A qualitative study was conducted, in order to obtain an understanding from both providers of victim empowerment services and victims of violent crimes of the services which are provided to victims. A significant amount of data was collected in the form of suggestions from both groups of participants for improving the effectiveness of existing VE services and diversifying them to make the rendering of services a more holistic endeavour than it is at present. The study was conducted in the provinces of Mpumalanga, Gauteng, the Western Cape, and the Northern Cape and the data was collected from semi-structured face-to face interviews and focus group discussions. The findings revealed that there were no standardised guidelines for rendering VE services to victims of different categories of crimes and the suggestions of the participants underscored the need for the development of appropriate referral protocols as a component of the guidelines for practice which were to be developed from the findings of the study. Some of the victims who participated in the study maintained that although some of their basic needs were being met in the shelters in which they were housed, in some instances counselling and therapeutic services were not available. Victims who were accommodated in shelters with their children expressed concerns with respect to a lack of educational programmes and facilities for the children. Many also expressed the belief that programmes which enabled them to develop skills to become financially self-sufficient upon leaving shelters were crucial to both their rehabilitation and empowerment. From the findings of this study, it was evident that guidelines for practice needed to be developed in accordance with the types of crimes which are committed against victims. From a careful analysis of the suggestions and recommendations of the participants, the researcher developed guidelines for practice for designing and implementing victim empowerment programmes in accordance with the objectives of providers of VE services and the needs of victims. The guidelines take the form of information pertaining to relevant programmes and services, appropriate referral protocols, and monitoring and evaluation framework templates to enable providers of VE services to assess their performance in relation to whether their services fulfil their mandates and whether the victims to whom they are rendered consider them to be sufficiently effective and appropriate. The guidelines are also intended to reduce inappropriate variations in the rendering of VE services and to stipulate standardised practices. The guidelines were circulated to members of the Victim Empowerment Management Forum who are also providers of VE services, for their comments and suggestions, which have subsequently been incorporated into the final draft of the guidelines for practice. / Social Work / D. Phil. (Social Work)

Trafficking in human beings is considered to be one of the most serious crimes in which there is a significant violation of fundamental human rights. Through recommendations and binding documents, international organisations call on states to prevent human trafficking, and if it occurs, to allow for the settlement of human rights of its victims. National governments are responsible for compliance with human rights commitments, not only on the level of policy formulation, but also in terms of their implementation in practice. However, experience of social work with trafficked persons in the Czech Republic shows that victims of this serious crime have no access to settlement of their rights. The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether the Czech Republic meets the selected human rights standards that ensure the victims' access to their rights. The evaluation of the situation was based on the selected criteria defining the meeting of individual human rights standards of the Aim for Human Rights organisation. Fulfilling the selected criteria was examined on the case of proceeding of state authorities in the case of exploitation of hundreds of foreign workers in the forestry industry, known as the "Stromkaři" (Tree Workers) case. The evaluation showed that while on the formal level the standards required by the...

Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Praze Katedra mezinárodního práva Mgr. Pavel Bureš Human Rights in International Criminal Procedure Praha 2011 2 Abstract The rapid development of International Criminal Law in the second half of 20th century and especially on its end is marked by a proliferation of international criminal judicial organs and thereby by a huge increase and development of procedural norms determining these organs' jurisdiction and functioning but also specifying procedural status of individuals - suspected and accused persons, victims. The submitted thesis focuses on one of the aspects of individuals procedural status, namely their procedural guarantees - human rights in international criminal procedure. The analyse of human rights in international criminal procedure (the proceedings before International Criminal Court) was done having been backed by statutory regulations of international military tribunals and ad hoc tribunal for Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and their case-law. The hypothetical start point was to consider that procedural guarantees in the ICC procedure established by Rome Statute in 1998 are on a highest level and more detailed than these guarantees enshrined in ad hoc tribunals Statutes and even in international universal or regional human rights protecting...

L’Arabie Saoudite a été exposée, pendant la dernière décennie, à des actes terroristes menés par une classe déviante de certains de ses enfants, influencés par une mauvaise pensée et une compréhension confuse. Le gouvernement a entrepris de réagir fermement et sévèrement contre ces groupes déviants par tous les moyens et en ayant recours aux forces de sécurité et aux militaires. Les affrontements entre les forces militaires et ce groupe déviant ont conduit à la mort d'un certain nombre de militaires pendant l'exercice de leur devoir de défense de la patrie. Toutes les nations, à travers l'histoire, ont eu à coeur d’honorer comme des héros nationaux ceux qui étaient morts dans les batailles et les guerres, qui avaient donné leur vie et versé leur sang pour sauver leur patrie et leur nation. Cette reconnaissance inclut d’honorer les familles des morts et leurs proches. Par conséquent, le gouvernement du Royaume d'Arabie Saoudite a tenu à offrir des services sociaux complets aux familles des victimes du terrorisme. Cette étude révèle les efforts déployés par le ministère de l'Intérieur dans la fourniture de l'aide sociale aux familles des victimes après la perte de leur soutien. Elle se concentre sur l'analyse de ces aides de l’Etat dans diverses situations et de l’influence qu’elles ont sur les familles. La société saoudienne se caractérise par sa foi dans les liens sociaux ; à ce titre, ces victimes méritent d'être reconnues, et leur famille, qui a été confiée à la communauté après avoir perdu le soutien que représentait, pour elle, la victime, mérite attention et protection sociale. / Saudi Arabia has been exposed, over the last decade, to terrorist acts on the hands of a deviant group of people, influenced by wrong thoughts and chaotic perspectives. The Government has undertaken to, firmly and strictly, respond to these deviant groups by all means through its security and military institutions. The combats between the military forces and this deviant group have led to the kill of a number of soldiers during doing their duty to defend their homeland. All nations, throughout history, have been keening on honoring their national heroes; the victims, those who had died in battles and wars against terrorism paying their lives and blood for the sake of their country, and consequently, their nation. This appreciation extends to include honoring the victims’ families. Therefore, the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been committed to providing them with a comprehensive social care as a kind of appreciation for their efforts. This study reveals the efforts of the Ministry of Interior to provide the victims’ families with social assistance as victims of their boundless loss. It focuses on analyzing the subsidies offered for those special cases in different situations and its influence on them socially and psychologically. Saudi society is characterized by its faith in social ties; as such, these victims and their families deserve recognition and appreciation especially after losing their own support.