Erlangen, Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Univ., Diss--Princeton.

L’expérience d’Aimé Bonpland invite à réfléchir sur les conditions nécessaires au transfert d’une science et sur l’idéologie qui le porte. Partisan de l’indépendance du Río de la Plata, imprégné d’une culture politique mettant au premier plan la nécessité d’un Etat fort permettant la stabilité et le rayonnement d’une nation, Bonpland se heurte à l’instabilité qui caractérise la construction politique de cette région. En suivant son parcours on assiste à la rencontre manquée entre un naturaliste porteur d’un projet fondé sur le modèle universaliste du centre scientifique européen et des élites qui, à la périphérie, souhaitent mettre en place une politique spécifique basée sur l’utilisation des ressources naturelles à des fins de développement interne. Cette expérience permet de mettre en évidence différents moments de la construction des nations rioplatenses et de les insérer dans une grille de lecture américaniste. La notion d’américanisme, abordée comme un ensemble d’idéologies en action ayant comme propriété essentielle le développement d’interactions culturelles, soulève le problème de la convergence des idéologies et de leur adaptation transatlantique. En effet, il faut attendre la mise en place de projets politiques et scientifiques rioplatenses fondés sur la production externalisée des connaissances pour que l’action scientifique menée par Bonpland, elle-même basée sur la recherche appliquée, devienne opératoire. L’expérience de Bonpland est à replacer dans cette continuité, depuis l’inadéquation entre l’offre et la demande scientifique jusqu’à la convergence des projets américanistes. / Aimé Bonpland’s experience leads us to reflect about the necessary conditions for the transfer of a science and the ideology it bears. In favour of the independence of the Rio de la plata, imbued with a political culture putting forward the necessity of a strong state thus enabling a nation to be stable and to shine forth, Bonpland comes up against the instability that characterizes the political construction of this region. By following his path, we witness the wasted accounter between, on the one hand a naturalist bearing a project based on the universalist pattern of the European scientific center, and, on the other hand the elites who, at the periphery, want to settle a specific policy based on the use of natural resources aiming at international development. This experience enables to bring to the fore different moments of the construction of the Rioplatenses nations and to insert them from an americanist perspective. The notion of americanism tackled as a set of ideologies into action whose main property is the development of cultural interactions, arises the issue of the convergence of ideologies and of their transatlantic adaptation. Indeed, to become operating, it is necessary to wait for the setting up of political and scientific rioplatenses projects, based on the outsourced production of knowledge, for the scientific action led by Bonpland, itself based on applied research, to become operating. It is necessary to put Bonpland’s position back in this continuity, from the inadequacy between the scientific supply and demand, up to the convergence of americanist projects.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This is a study of the early colonial period of the Río de la Plata from first contact in 1516 to the emergence of a predominantly mestizo population in Asunción by 1580. The central focus of the study is the period from 1537, when Spaniards founded Asunción in the territories of the Guaraní-speaking Carios, until the establishment of the encomienda, a colonial labour system, in 1556. Through a close reading of archival documents and chronicles, the study presents a narrative history of the transcultural dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní relations, including the convergence of kinship and alliances, cacique and conquistador rivalries, competing spiritual beliefs of shamanism and Catholicism, and the role of castaways, lenguas (interpreters) indigenous women, priests, and mestizos as intermediaries. How these transcultural dynamics were dominated by indigenous norms until 1556, and how they shaped the cultural, social, and spiritual dimensions of mestizaje (racial mixing) are analysed. The study covers key moments in the conquest and early colonial period. These include Sebastián Caboto’s exploration of the Río de la Plata from 1527 to 1529; Pedro de Mendoza’s armada to the Río de la Plata in 1535 that led to the founding of Asunción in 1537 and the first governorship of Domingo Martínez de Irala from 1539 to 1542; the rule of Asunción by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca as adelantado from 1542 to 1544; and Domingo Martínez de Irala’s second governorship of the region from 1544 to 1556. An in-depth examination of the establishment of the encomienda is undertaken to consider how cultural identification, social status, and ethnic distinctions were reconfigured between the Cario and other Guaraní-speaking groups, the Spanish, and mestizos after 1556. The study concludes with an analysis of the Oberá Rebellion of 1579-80 as an example of how kinship and warrior norms, Christianity, and shamanistic practices converged in indigenous resistance to colonial rule.

This is a study of the early colonial period of the Río de la Plata from first contact in 1516 to the emergence of a predominantly mestizo population in Asunción by 1580. The central focus of the study is the period from 1537, when Spaniards founded Asunción in the territories of the Guaraní-speaking Carios, until the establishment of the encomienda, a colonial labour system, in 1556. Through a close reading of archival documents and chronicles, the study presents a narrative history of the transcultural dynamics of Spanish-Guaraní relations, including the convergence of kinship and alliances, cacique and conquistador rivalries, competing spiritual beliefs of shamanism and Catholicism, and the role of castaways, lenguas (interpreters) indigenous women, priests, and mestizos as intermediaries. How these transcultural dynamics were dominated by indigenous norms until 1556, and how they shaped the cultural, social, and spiritual dimensions of mestizaje (racial mixing) are analysed. The study covers key moments in the conquest and early colonial period. These include Sebastián Caboto’s exploration of the Río de la Plata from 1527 to 1529; Pedro de Mendoza’s armada to the Río de la Plata in 1535 that led to the founding of Asunción in 1537 and the first governorship of Domingo Martínez de Irala from 1539 to 1542; the rule of Asunción by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca as adelantado from 1542 to 1544; and Domingo Martínez de Irala’s second governorship of the region from 1544 to 1556. An in-depth examination of the establishment of the encomienda is undertaken to consider how cultural identification, social status, and ethnic distinctions were reconfigured between the Cario and other Guaraní-speaking groups, the Spanish, and mestizos after 1556. The study concludes with an analysis of the Oberá Rebellion of 1579-80 as an example of how kinship and warrior norms, Christianity, and shamanistic practices converged in indigenous resistance to colonial rule.

En 1853, des constitutions fédérales et républicaines sont votées, non sans conflits, dans la région du Rio de la Plata et en Nouvelle-Grenade. Dans les deux constitutions, l'exclusion de la femme comme sujet de droits politiques est explicite. De façon singulière, cette même année, l'Assemblée législative de Vélez, une province de la Nouvelle-Grenade, promulgue le droit de vote aux élections sans distinction de sexe, événement qui, s'il ne pourra prospérer à cause d'un véto présidentiel, représente le premier fait de reconnaissance politique de la femme sur le continent hispano américain. Malgré cet antécédent, la Colombie est une des les derniers des états d'Amérique Latine à avoir accordé le suffrage aux femmes (1954), alors qu'en Argentine il y eut plusieurs tentatives infructueuses avant la loi nationale de 1947. La décision de l'assemblée de Vélez peut être considérée comme un indice clair de la transition de la femme "objet d'écriture" à la femme "sujet de l'action". Mais ce n'est pas le seul: dans cette thèse, nous soutiendrons que des traces de cette transition apparaissent dans les écrits de ces hommes du dix-neuvième siècle qui étaient considérés comme les forgeurs de la Nation. Concrètement, nous ne rentrerons pas dans l'étude de la femme en tant que sujet, mais notre regard se portera sur la façon dont elle est construite comme «objet », en analysant ses caractéristiques et les interstices qui montrent cette transition. Contrairement à ce qu'on pourrait attendre d'une vision mécanique des causes et des effets, la femme n'a pas toujours été écrite "négativement" mais elle a été incluse dans un champ de forces dans lequel les significations se disputaient entre elles. Celle thèse cherche à meure en lumière les figures diverses et parfois contradictoires de la femme qui apparaissent dans les textes écrits par des hommes du dix-neuvième siècle préoccupés par la fondation de la Nation. / In 1853, in the Rio de la Plata as well as in Nueva Granada, promulgated federal and republican constitutions are dictated not without tensions. In both there is an explicit exclusion of women as subjects of political rights. Interestingly, that year the Legislature Assembly of Velez, province of Nueva Granada, promulgated electoral voting rights regardless of sex, an event that in spite of not prospering because of the presidential veto, represents the first political recognition of women in our continent. Despite this background, Colombia is the latest Latin American state which granted women's suffrage (1954) while in Argentina there were several failed attempts until the national law of 1947. The decision of the Assembly of Velez can be considered a clear indication of the transition of women from 'object of writing' to 'subject of the action'. But it is not the only one : in this thesis we will argue that in the writings of nineteenth-century men, who were considered forgers of the nation, there appear traces of that transition. Specifically, the look will be on how the woman is built as an "object", observing the characteristics and also the gaps that show this transition. Contrary to what is expected from a mechanical view of cause and effect, the woman was not always written 'negatively' but was included in a force field in which the senses vie with each other. This thesis seeks to uncover the different and sometimes contradictory figurations of the women that appear in texts written by me of the nineteenth century concerned about the founding of the nation.

Utilizing both primary and secondary literature, this study attempts to illustrate that the origins of one of Latin America’s most significant wars, the Paraguayan War (1864-70), are understandable only when viewed within the context of the historical development of the Rio de la Plata as a region. Adopting the framework provided by Robert N. Burr in his pioneering work on the South American continental balance of power system. “By Reason or Force: Chile and the Balancing of Power in South America, 1830-1905” (Berkely, 1965), this thesis examines one particular outgrowth of the historical process in the Rio de Plata: The development of a regional balance of power in the area. It also illustrates that such systems of international power politics are not necessarily promotive of stability and equanimity in the relations between nations: that balance of power systems are not static but constantly changing, and that such changes are conducive to friction, intrigue, and war.

Zugleich: Diss. / Literaturverz.

I Buenos Aires säger man att staden har vuxit fram med "la espalda al rio", med ryggen mot floden. Det betyder två saker, att Rio de la Plata är det som staden stödjer hela sin utveckling mot samt att man vänder ryggen bort från floden och in mot land. Buenos Aires har växt längre och längre bort från Rio de la Plata, idag ligger floden fågelvägen ca 2,3 km från stadsgränsen och den barriär som finns där imellan består till stor del av svårgenomtränglig infrastruktur. I mitt examensarbete undersöker jag hur man i den stora skalan kan förändra Buenos Airesbornas relation och tillgänglighet till vattnet och på samma gång lösa ett par av de stora problem som Buenos Aires brottas med. I den något mindre skalan har jag också undersökt vilka olika typer av specifika relationer Buenos Aires skulle kunna tänkas utveckla till Rio de la Plata.