This thesis examines the Riot Grrrl bands of the 1990s, as well as Amanda Palmer today, as examples of feminist punk artists. Rather than focusing on Riot Grrrl as a unique musical episode, this thesis argues that all punk is activist in nature, and that Riot Grrrl was building on this activist tradition while challenging the misogyny implicit in punk culture. Likewise, Amanda Palmer uses similar punk strategies (such as a DIY approach to music production, and direct interaction with fans) to create political music.

Misty McElroy had no idea when she crafted her senior undergraduate capstone project at Portland State University in 2001 that she was starting a worldwide phenomenon—the Rock ‘n’ Roll Campfor Girls. What started as a week-long summer camp for girls ages 8 to 17 to teach them how to play rock music has since blossomed into an organization with over 40 branches worldwide, serving 3000 girls every year and affecting the lives of thousands more women and girls in the surrounding communities. The Girls Rock Camp Alliance operates as the organizing body for the dozens of Rock Camps across the globe. Together, these organizations work to build girls’ self-esteem through music creation and performance and further, to create feminist cultural change. Rock Camp, like so many other nonprofits, exists on a political continuum, with radical direct-action groups on the far left and mainstream, foundation-funded organizations on the right. Misty’s original vision for the Rock ‘n’ Roll Camp for Girls was rooted in radical feminist politics that followed in the footsteps of Riot Grrrl and made an explicit connection between girls playing music and political movement. While feminist politics continue to form the foundation of the work that every Rock Camp does, from its pedagogy and curriculum in its programming to its organizational structure, and every organizer will agree that Rock Camp is a fundamentally feminist organization, it has made a series of choices over the past decade that now places it closer to the center of the continuum.

Misty McElroy had no idea when she crafted her senior undergraduate capstone project at Portland State University in 2001 that she was starting a worldwide phenomenon—the Rock ‘n’ Roll Campfor Girls. What started as a week-long summer camp for girls ages 8 to 17 to teach them how to play rock music has since blossomed into an organization with over 40 branches worldwide, serving 3000 girls every year and affecting the lives of thousands more women and girls in the surrounding communities. The Girls Rock Camp Alliance operates as the organizing body for the dozens of Rock Camps across the globe. Together, these organizations work to build girls’ self-esteem through music creation and performance and further, to create feminist cultural change. Rock Camp, like so many other nonprofits, exists on a political continuum, with radical direct-action groups on the far left and mainstream, foundation-funded organizations on the right. Misty’s original vision for the Rock ‘n’ Roll Camp for Girls was rooted in radical feminist politics that followed in the footsteps of Riot Grrrl and made an explicit connection between girls playing music and political movement. While feminist politics continue to form the foundation of the work that every Rock Camp does, from its pedagogy and curriculum in its programming to its organizational structure, and every organizer will agree that Rock Camp is a fundamentally feminist organization, it has made a series of choices over the past decade that now places it closer to the center of the continuum.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-06T12:13:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Cleveston Gelain_.pdf: 2822869 bytes, checksum: 6a55ac10919adbbf56ac2d7ead2111a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T12:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriela Cleveston Gelain_.pdf: 2822869 bytes, checksum: 6a55ac10919adbbf56ac2d7ead2111a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de entender o que os elementos subculturais e sujeitos que envolvem a subcultura Riot Grrrl dizem sobre a sua atualização no Brasil. Enquanto elementos subculturais estão os fanzines, blogs, shows, bandas e eventos como o Girls Rock Camp no país. Enquanto sujeitos, entendo as mulheres que estão em contato direto e envolvidas com a subcultura Riot Grrrl no Brasil, amostra composta por 67 entrevistadas de 11 estados brasileiros, entre 15 e 47 anos de idade. A partir de autores e autoras como David Hesmondhalgh (2005), Paula Guerra (2010), Dick Hebdige (1979), Paul Hodkinson (2011) como base, proponho discutir o porquê de tratar Riot Grrrl enquanto subcultura, e ainda as questões de invisibilidade feminina na música e nos estudos subculturais e sobre juventude. Quanto à metodologia, assumo, através de uma observação participante (online e off-line) e inspirada na etnografia virtual, a posição de pesquisadora insider (Paul HODKINSON, 2005; Adriana AMARAL, 2009). Por fim, não há um consenso sobre o que significa ser uma riot grrrl, nem sobre o que seria a subcultura hoje no Brasil, mas nesta complexidade de vozes, idades, estados e opiniões, a vontade de trazer outras mulheres para pensar os feminismos parece falar mais alto do que os diferentes estilos musicais, as dissidências ou preocupações em dar nome às inspirações que tomamos sobre as atitudes das primeiras e “originais” riot grrrls. / This work aims to understand what the subculture elements and people that involve Riot Grrrl show about their update in Brazil. As subculture elements I understand the fanzines, blogs, shows, bands and events such as Girls Rock Camp. As people are the women who are in direct contact and involved with the subculture Riot Grrrl in Brazil, a sample composed of 67 interviewees from 11 Brazilian states, between 15 and 47 years of age. From authors such as David Hesmondhalgh (2005), Paula Guerra (2010), Dick Hebdige (1979), Paul Hodkinson (2011) as a basis, I propose to discuss why to treat Riot Grrrl as a subculture, as well as invisibility issues about women in music and in subcultural studies, and also on youth studies. About methodology, I’ve assumed through a participant observation (online and offline) and inspired by the virtual ethnography, the position of an insider researcher (Paul HODKINSON, 2005; Adriana AMARAL, 2009). Finally, there is no consensus on what it means to be a riot grrrl, nor on what would be the subculture in Brazil today but in this complexity of voices, ages, states and opinions, the desire to bring other women to think feminisms seems to speak louder than the different musical styles, disagreements or concerns in naming the inspirations we take about the attitudes of the first and "original" riot grrrls.

Ce travail doctoral consiste en une considération de la nature complexe et ambivalente des relations qui sont tissées entre "culture dominante "("mainstream") et sous-cultures contestataires "underground", à travers l’examen du cas de la sous-culture punk, et plus spécifiquement, du cas de la sous-culture punk féministe américaine (sous la forme du courant "riot grrrl" notamment). En nous appuyant sur les discours des actrices et acteurs de ces sphères féministes et anticapitalistes d’une part, et d’autre part sur la production théorique à laquelle ont pu donner lieu les phénomènes sous-culturels marginaux et/ou contestataires, en particulier depuis la fin des années 1970, nous souhaitons mener une réflexion sur le rôle social que peut revêtir ce genre de regroupements sociaux. De quel(s) sens leurs protagonistes investissent-t-ils leurs pratiques ? Quel peut être l’objectif d’une telle démarche, si tant est qu’il y en ait un ? Par ailleurs, il s’agit également de s’interroger sur le concept de subversion : où peut-encore se situer un éventuel potentiel disruptif, dans une société qui, comme l’ont déjà souligné beaucoup de penseurs, ainsi que beaucoup des détracteurs de cette "idéologie dominante", semble en dernière analyse assez bien s’alimenter, paradoxalement, de sa critique. Ce sont ces questionnements qui sous-tendent, dans le cadre d’une dernière partie, la mise en perspective diachronique du punk que nous proposons, en comparant cette tendance avec les réjouissances carnavalesques médiévales telles que les a décrites Mikhaïl Bakhtine, et avec l’esprit dionysiaque que Nietzsche s’est employé à cerner. / This dissertation seeks to analyze the complex and ambivalent relationships that exist between mainstream "dominant" culture and oppositional underground subcultures, through the study of American feminist punk subculture (notably under the form initiated by the riot grrrl networks). By confronting the views and discourses expressed by insiders of this feminist and anticapitalist subculture on the one hand, and drawing from the theoretical background of subcultural studies on the other hand, we want to examine the social function of these types of networks. How do insiders conceive their own involvement and their subcultural practices? What is the purpose of an anti-establishment underground subculture, if ever there is one? We also seek to question the concept of subversion: is it possible for a subcultural group to exert a disruptive potential in a society that apparently largely feeds on criticism of itself. We will sketch out some answers to these issues in the last part of this work by drawing some parallels between punk and feminist punk subcultures, medieval carnivalesque practices as they are described by Mikhaïl Bakhtin, and the Dionysian spirit depicted by Nietzsche.

This study looks at female musicians performing in subcultural rock genres commonly considered non-gender-conforming, such as punk rock, heavy metal, noise, and experimental. Twenty-four interviews were conducted with female musicians who reflected on their experiences as musicians. Themes emerged on women’s patterns of entry into music, barriers they negotiated while playing, and forces that may push them out of the music scene. Once women gained a musician identity, their gender functioned as a master status. They negotiated sexism when people questioned their abilities, assumed men played better, expected them to fail, held them to conventional gender roles, and sexually objectified them. Normative expectations of women as primary caregivers for children, internalization of criticism, and high personal expectations are considered as factors that contribute to women’s exit from musical careers. This research closes with suggestions for how more women and girls can be socialized into rock music.

A look at how artists in the grunge and Riot Grrrl movements constructed public identities that typically appealed to the economic, cultural, and social conditions of the early 1990s. These public personas -- perceived as “honest” -- were defined by negotiation with mainstream culture, the notion of the “confessional,” and gender construction. By examining how these identities were constructed, composition students can see how cultural influences mediate their own identity construction. A “grunge/Riot Grrrl” pedagogy is proposed that encourages students to look at how identities are constructed across a multimedia landscape, reflecting the way grunge and Riot Grrrl artists built public personas using music, lyrics, interviews, album covers, photo shoots, and videos. An online assignment is suggested that would allow students to “profile” their public selves and the cultural conditions that influence them so that students can use multimedia to show their public identities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Lucchesi de Carvalho Leite.pdf: 8227727 bytes, checksum: 69c6ad3cff4c1371abee5ecbdab5c429 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The riot grrrl, a feminist strand of the punk movement, appeared in the early 1990 s in the United States. They were tired with the male chauvinist conduct and minor fascisms imposed on their lives also inside the punk movement. These girls created a new way of life that strengthened their struggle against such conduct. Whether the rocker women who preceded the riot grrrl faced obscure paths to produce their rock and roll, the riots emerged a new way of writing, playing, and singing: they liberated their howl. They drew from the rock maxim sex, drugs and rock and roll and were thus considered by many: sluties. The riot grrrl adopted this word and experienced their sex liberated from the control of sexuality and macho violence. Faced with increased girls interest in the riot grrrl, the music market tried to invest in them but failed since the girls had an clear anti-capitalist attitude, which was radicalized by the Russian riots Pussy Riot around 20 years later. In this sense, the musical market launched products and entertainers that could capture the latent unrest of the young girls attracted by the riots, targeting them as potential consumers. Instead, the market launched rock pop women singers moderately foul-mouthed, or they launched popstars who used a certain feminist discourse that today is largely known as veracity of market. Far from the riot howl against male chauvinism, the women popstars assumed the family and the feminine discourse. In hand against the market and surpassing the riot scene appeared an anonymous girls association, the Pussy Riot, creating their performances by direct action based on feminist punk rock in the streets and private properties of Moscow. This thesis has intent to show the metamorphosis of riot grrrl war machine in the society of control / O riot grrrl, vertente feminista do movimento punk, eclodiu no início dos anos 1990, nos Estados Unidos. Esgotadas com as condutas machistas e os pequenos fascismos que incidiam sobre as suas vidas também no interior do punk, essas garotas inventaram um novo estilo de vida que as fortaleceu no embate contra essas condutas. Se as mulheres roqueiras que as procederam foram empurradas por caminhos tortuosos para conseguirem fazer seu rock n roll, as riots irromperam uma nova maneira de escrever, tocar e cantar: liberaram seu berro. Se ao provarem da máxima roqueira sexo, drogas e rock n roll as mulheres eram tidas como sluties [vadias], as riots se apropriaram dessa palavra e experimentaram seu sexo livre do governo da sexualidade e das violências do macho. Diante do crescente interesse de garotas pelo riot, o mercado da música investiu em contratá-las, mas foi recusado pela atitude anticapitalista anunciada por elas e radicalizada pela riots russas da Pussy Riot, cerca de 20 anos depois. Assim, o mercado lançou produtos e entertainers que pudessem capturar a inquietação latente daquelas jovens que se atraiam pelo riot e fazê-las potenciais consumidoras. De um lado, lançaram cantoras de pop rock moderadamente desbocadas, de outro, lançaram popstars que enunciaram um certo discurso feminista que hoje ganha amplitude como veridicção de mercado. Diferente do berro riot contra as condutas machistas, essas popstars reafirmam a família e a conduta feminina. Na contramão do mercado e avançando para além da cena riot, acontece a Pussy Riot, associação de garotas anônimas que faz suas obras por ação direta ao som de punk rock feminista pelas ruas e estabelecimentos privados de Moscou. Esta dissertação procura mostrar as metamorfoses da máquina de guerra riot grrrl na sociedade de controle

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Lucchesi de Carvalho Leite.pdf: 8227727 bytes, checksum: 69c6ad3cff4c1371abee5ecbdab5c429 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The riot grrrl, a feminist strand of the punk movement, appeared in the early 1990 s in the United States. They were tired with the male chauvinist conduct and minor fascisms imposed on their lives also inside the punk movement. These girls created a new way of life that strengthened their struggle against such conduct. Whether the rocker women who preceded the riot grrrl faced obscure paths to produce their rock and roll, the riots emerged a new way of writing, playing, and singing: they liberated their howl. They drew from the rock maxim sex, drugs and rock and roll and were thus considered by many: sluties. The riot grrrl adopted this word and experienced their sex liberated from the control of sexuality and macho violence. Faced with increased girls interest in the riot grrrl, the music market tried to invest in them but failed since the girls had an clear anti-capitalist attitude, which was radicalized by the Russian riots Pussy Riot around 20 years later. In this sense, the musical market launched products and entertainers that could capture the latent unrest of the young girls attracted by the riots, targeting them as potential consumers. Instead, the market launched rock pop women singers moderately foul-mouthed, or they launched popstars who used a certain feminist discourse that today is largely known as veracity of market. Far from the riot howl against male chauvinism, the women popstars assumed the family and the feminine discourse. In hand against the market and surpassing the riot scene appeared an anonymous girls association, the Pussy Riot, creating their performances by direct action based on feminist punk rock in the streets and private properties of Moscow. This thesis has intent to show the metamorphosis of riot grrrl war machine in the society of control / O riot grrrl, vertente feminista do movimento punk, eclodiu no início dos anos 1990, nos Estados Unidos. Esgotadas com as condutas machistas e os pequenos fascismos que incidiam sobre as suas vidas também no interior do punk, essas garotas inventaram um novo estilo de vida que as fortaleceu no embate contra essas condutas. Se as mulheres roqueiras que as procederam foram empurradas por caminhos tortuosos para conseguirem fazer seu rock n roll, as riots irromperam uma nova maneira de escrever, tocar e cantar: liberaram seu berro. Se ao provarem da máxima roqueira sexo, drogas e rock n roll as mulheres eram tidas como sluties [vadias], as riots se apropriaram dessa palavra e experimentaram seu sexo livre do governo da sexualidade e das violências do macho. Diante do crescente interesse de garotas pelo riot, o mercado da música investiu em contratá-las, mas foi recusado pela atitude anticapitalista anunciada por elas e radicalizada pela riots russas da Pussy Riot, cerca de 20 anos depois. Assim, o mercado lançou produtos e entertainers que pudessem capturar a inquietação latente daquelas jovens que se atraiam pelo riot e fazê-las potenciais consumidoras. De um lado, lançaram cantoras de pop rock moderadamente desbocadas, de outro, lançaram popstars que enunciaram um certo discurso feminista que hoje ganha amplitude como veridicção de mercado. Diferente do berro riot contra as condutas machistas, essas popstars reafirmam a família e a conduta feminina. Na contramão do mercado e avançando para além da cena riot, acontece a Pussy Riot, associação de garotas anônimas que faz suas obras por ação direta ao som de punk rock feminista pelas ruas e estabelecimentos privados de Moscou. Esta dissertação procura mostrar as metamorfoses da máquina de guerra riot grrrl na sociedade de controle

Ce travail doctoral consiste en une considération de la nature complexe et ambivalente des relations qui sont tissées entre "culture dominante "("mainstream") et sous-cultures contestataires "underground", à travers l'examen du cas de la sous-culture punk, et plus spécifiquement, du cas de la sous-culture punk féministe américaine (sous la forme du courant "riot grrrl" notamment). En nous appuyant sur les discours des actrices et acteurs de ces sphères féministes et anticapitalistes d'une part, et d'autre part sur la production théorique à laquelle ont pu donner lieu les phénomènes sous-culturels marginaux et/ou contestataires, en particulier depuis la fin des années 1970, nous souhaitons mener une réflexion sur le rôle social que peut revêtir ce genre de regroupements sociaux. De quel(s) sens leurs protagonistes investissent-t-ils leurs pratiques ? Quel peut être l'objectif d'une telle démarche, si tant est qu'il y en ait un ? Par ailleurs, il s'agit également de s'interroger sur le concept de subversion : où peut-encore se situer un éventuel potentiel disruptif, dans une société qui, comme l'ont déjà souligné beaucoup de penseurs, ainsi que beaucoup des détracteurs de cette "idéologie dominante", semble en dernière analyse assez bien s'alimenter, paradoxalement, de sa critique. Ce sont ces questionnements qui sous-tendent, dans le cadre d'une dernière partie, la mise en perspective diachronique du punk que nous proposons, en comparant cette tendance avec les réjouissances carnavalesques médiévales telles que les a décrites Mikhaïl Bakhtine, et avec l'esprit dionysiaque que Nietzsche s'est employé à cerner.