A sustentabilidade da paisagem trata-se de um tema central no que se refere às questões de conservação e desenvolvimento de paisagens altamente antropizadas. Está embasada nos conceitos tradicionais de desenvolvimento sustentável, que visam balancear o desenvolvimento humano com a proteção ambiental, pautada na equidade intra e extra-geração. Considera, ainda, os conceitos de bem-estar humano nesta esfera. Paralelamente, os conceitos de serviços ecossistêmicos reconhecem a dependência das atividades antrópicas e seu bem-estar à qualidade dos ecossistemas, reacendendo os debates sobre capital natural e desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste contexto, este trabalho aborda a sustentabilidade da paisagem questionando a potencialidade dos remanescentes florestais em fornecer, de maneira equilibrada, diferentes serviços ecossistêmicos na bacia do rio Corumbataí. Para isso, o trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira buscou analisar questões de demanda e oferta por múltiplos serviços ecossistêmicos (controle de erosão, regulação hídrica, regulação microclimática, informação estética e qualidade de habitat). Isso baseado em indicadores da paisagem, como a dinâmica do uso do solo e padrões do meio físico e antrópico. A segunda investigou a viabilidade de integrar o sinergismo entre os serviços de controle de erosão e qualidade de habitat às prioridades de conservação e restauração florestal. Isso baseado no cenário atual da paisagem e por meio de diferentes simulações de incremento em 10% da cobertura florestal na paisagem, inserindo florestas nos locais de alta erodibilidade (situação criteriosa) ou de forma randômica. Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar do aumento de 60% na cobertura florestal durante os últimos 30 anos, apenas 37% das florestas possuem alto potencial para ofertar serviços ecossistêmicos e que, quando ponderadas perante as demandas da paisagem, apenas 20% das florestas encontram-se em equilíbrio. Além disso, foi verificado sinergismo entre os serviços de controle de erosão e qualidade de habitat em aproximadamente 80% da cobertura florestal. No entanto, nos cenários de restauração florestal, o sinergismo foi alcançado em todas as situações, sejam elas criteriosas ou randômicas. Deste modo, ficou evidente o limite das florestas e áreas protegidas como potenciais prestadoras de serviços ecossistêmicos na paisagem. Também ficou evidente que, em paisagens com alto grau de fragmentação e baixa proporção florestal, os processos de restauração não necessariamente devem almejar o sinergismo entre serviços ecossistêmicos. Por fim, atribui-se grande importância ao papel das áreas agrícolas e pastagens para compensar demandas, restaurar serviços ecossistêmicos, almejando, portanto, a sustentabilidade da paisagem. / Landscape sustainability is a central theme regarding conservation and development issues in highly disturbed landscapes. It is grounded in traditional concepts of sustainable development, aimed at balancing human development with environmental protection, based on intra and extra-generation equity. It also considers the human welfare concepts in this sphere. At the same time, the concepts of ecosystem services recognize the dependence of human activities and their wellbeing related to the quality of ecosystems, reigniting the debate on natural capital and sustainable development. In this context, this paper addresses the landscape sustainability questioning the capability of remaining forests to provide different ecosystem services in Corumbataí river basin, in a balanced way. For this, the study was divided into two stages. The first one aimed to analyze demand and supply issues for multiple ecosystem services (erosion control, water regulation, microclimate regulation, aesthetic information and habitat quality), based on landscape indicators such as land use dynamics and physical/anthropic patterns. The second one investigated the viability of integrating the synergism between erosion control and habitat quality services for forest conservation and restoration priorities, based on the current landscape and through different simulations, increasing by 10% of forest cover in the landscape setting, inserting forests in high erodibility places (careful situation) or through a random situation. The results showed that despite the increase by 60% in forest cover over the last 30 years, only 37% of the forests hold high potential to offer ecosystem services and, when weighted against the landscape demands, only 20% of the forests are in equilibrium. Furthermore, synergism was observed between the erosion control services and habitat quality in approximately 80% of forest cover. However, in forest restoration scenarios, synergism was achieved in all situations (random or careful). Thus, it was evident the limit of forests and protected areas as potential providers of ecosystem services in the landscape. It was also evident that, in highly fragmented and low forest proportion landscapes, restore processes should not necessarily aim synergism between ecosystem services. Finally, we assign great importance to the role of agricultural land and pastures to offset demands, restoring ecosystem services, aiming thus the sustainability of the landscape.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo_Vieira_Silva1.pdf: 5276536 bytes, checksum: 3a8cad3bcd3a7aaf0a1d78549559e0cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent period the discussion about the changes and compliance with the Forest Code was highlighted by involving from environmental damage, such as political and economic interests related to the topic. In the context of the revision of the Forestry Code and the use of geotechnology, the objective of this study was to map temporally vegetation in two basins that make up the Paraná River Basin 3 (BP3): the São Francisco River Basin True and the São Francisco River basin False, located in the West of Paraná. The mapping of period was 1973 to 2011, considering the legislation in accordance with the Law 4771/1965 the Forestry Code in order to verify to what extent there has to the compliance of current legislation in the period. Landsat-1 satellite image sensor Multispectral Scanner (MMS) were used for the year 1973, Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper sensor (TM) for the years 1990, 2000-2001 and 2011 and 2011 RapidEye images. The mapping of the temporal distribution of vegetation was obtained from Bhattachatyya classifier through the application SPRING 5.1.8. Then the data was exported to ArcGIS 10.3 application for making the final layout of cartographic products. Through Qgis 2:12 were generated 500 random points for mapping validation of 2011, reporting 87% overall accuracy. From these points, took place the field work, where were visited 31 points classes vegetation and non-vegetation, including the points that had an error on the accuracy of validation. With the temporal mapping associated with the bibliographic study, it was found that the distribution of the study area vegetation was modified due to the devastation that opened the way for agricultural occupation, including by government incentives. However, there was recovery of much of the vegetation cover, mainly the river banks as a result of compliance with Law 4771/1965 / Em período recente a discussão sobre as alterações e o cumprimento do Código Florestal obteve destaque por envolver desde os prejuízos ambientais, como os interesses políticos e econômicos relacionados ao tema. No contexto da revisão do Código Florestal e do emprego de geotecnologias, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de mapear temporalmente a vegetação em duas bacias que compõem a Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraná 3 (BP3): bacia do rio São Francisco Verdadeiro e bacia do rio São Francisco Falso, situadas no Oeste do Paraná. O período do mapeamento compreendeu de 1973 a 2011, considerando a legislação de acordo com a Lei Federal nº 4771/1965, do Código Florestal, a fim de verificar até que ponto constata-se o cumprimento dessa legislação vigente no período. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat-1 sensor Multispectral Scanner (MMS) para o ano de 1973, Landsat-5, sensor Thematic Mapper (TM) para os anos de 1990, 2000/2001 e 2011 e imagens RapidEye de 2011. O mapeamento da distribuição-temporal da vegetação foi obtido a partir do classificador Bhattachatyya, através do aplicativo SPRING 5.1.8. Em seguida, os dados foram exportados ao aplicativo ArcGis 10.3 para a confecção do layout final dos produtos cartográficos. Por meio do QGIS 2.12 foram gerados 500 pontos aleatórios para a validação do mapeamento de 2011, apresentando 87% de precisão global. A partir desses pontos, realizou-se o trabalho de campo, onde foram visitados 31 pontos das classes vegetação e não-vegetação, incluindo os pontos que apresentaram erro na validação de precisão. Com o mapeamento temporal, associado ao estudo bibliográfico, verificou-se que a distribuição da vegetação da área de estudo sofreu modificações em razão da devastação que abriu espaço para a ocupação agrícola, inclusive por incentivo do governo. Entretanto, houve recuperação de boa parte da cobertura vegetal, principalmente as margens dos rios, resultado do cumprimento da citada lei do Código Florestal

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-06T11:45:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - F?bio Edir Amaral Albuquerque.pdf: 3688203 bytes, checksum: deb77d79b3f829b640e9e7f0e18de1aa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T11:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - F?bio Edir Amaral Albuquerque.pdf: 3688203 bytes, checksum: deb77d79b3f829b640e9e7f0e18de1aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A total of 25 specimens Caparari Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum were collected in four points of the high Xingu river sector, between April 2010 and July 2011. Two new locality records of Argulidae crustaceans are presented for Argulus pestifer and Dolops discoidalis. A new monogenetic specie was proposed, registered and studied in details. Demidospermus n. sp. differs from the other congenerics, because the anchors exhibit folds, variable forms, and deep roots not defined. Demidospermus sp. n. also exhibits a thickened ventral bar, straight or slightly curved anteriorly, with the extended Extremities, and with the Presence or Absence of an above-median keel. The dorsal bar is variable in form, straight and slender, with Presence or Absence of an above-median depression and tapered Extremities. The hooks are different in size and form, the first and second pairs have the tip and the shaft lightly curved, protuberant and truncated thumb, and the rod is dilated and tapered in proximal region. Hooks different in size and shape, 1-2 pairs: blade point and slightly curved or curved, thumb protruding, truncate, dilated or slender rod, tapered proximally, showing or not bulbs at the proximal end; the pairs 3-4-6-7: point slightly bent, curved or straight blade almost straight or moderately curved, thumb truncated or depressed, moderately dilated or slender rod, presented a bulb at the proximal end; The male copulatory organ (MCO) is variable in shape, with a convolute tube in the counterclockwise, and flaps that connect themselves on a sclerotized edge. Male copulatory organ (MCO), with variable shape, like a coiled tube, varying the number of rings in a counterclockwise direction, with tabs that connect to a margin esclerotizada or G-shaped, with a ring in order counterclockwise, showing a dilated base margin esclerotizada developed, from which protrudes a flap. The accessory piece, with variable shape, slightly concave or concave, the distal tapered, curved or slightly curved, serving as a guide to the MCO, the presence or absence of spines on the proximal end. The vagina has a bag-shaped vestibule connected or not to the vaginal channel through an annulated narrow. The study will can contribute to future research, in order to improve our knowledge about the parasite fauna of aquatic organisms in the Amazon region. / Um total de 25 esp?cimes de Caparari P. fasciatum foram coletados no alto rio Xingu, entre Abril de 2010 ? Julho de 2011. Foram apresentados dois novos registros de localidade de crust?ceos parasitos da fam?lia Argulidae, foram registrados, Argulus pestifer e Dolops discoidalis, e uma esp?cie de monogen?tico foi proposta como nova, examinada, registrada e comentada em detalhes. Demidospermus sp. n. difere dos seus cong?neres por apresentar ?ncoras em formas vari?veis, ra?zes profundas n?o definidas, apresentando uma dobra. Barra ventral em forma vari?vel, grossa, levemente curvada para a regi?o anterior, extremidades alargadas, com presen?a ou n?o de uma quilha na parte antero-medial. Barra dorsal, em forma vari?vel, reta e delgada, apresentando ou n?o uma depress?o antero-medial com extremidades afiladas. Ganchos diferentes em tamanho e forma, pares 1-2: ponta e l?mina levemente curva ou curvada, polegar protuberante, truncado, haste dilatada ou delgada, afilada proximalmente, apresentando ou n?o bulbos na extremidade proximal; pares 3-4-6-7: ponta levemente curvada, curva ou reta, l?mina quase retas ou moderadamente curvadas, polegar truncado ou deprimido, haste moderadamente dilatada ou delgada, apresentado um bulbo na extremidade proximal; par 5: ponta e l?mina retas, polegar achatado, haste alongada e fina, apresentando um bulbo na regi?o proximal. ?rg?o copulat?rio masculino (OCM), apresentando forma vari?vel, como um tubo enrolado, variando no n?mero de an?is no sentido anti-hor?rio, apresentando abas que se conectam a uma margem esclerotizada ou em forma de G ao contr?rio, com um anel em sentido anti-hor?rio, base dilatada apresentando uma margem esclerotizada desenvolvida, de onde se projeta um flap. Pe?a acess?ria, apresentando forma vari?vel, ligeiramente c?ncava ou c?ncava, parte distal afilada, curvada ou pouco curva, servindo de guia para o OCM, presen?a ou n?o de espinhos na extremidade proximal. Vagina apresentando um vest?bulo saculiforme, ligado ao canal vaginal atrav?s de um estreitamento anelado presente ou n?o. O presente estudo poder? colaborar com futuras pesquisas, com o prop?sito de melhorar o nosso conhecimento sobre a fauna dos organismos aqu?ticos da regi?o Amaz?nica

A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise da dinâmica espacial e temporal dos eventos intensos de precipitação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba, no período de 1981 a 2010, com dados de 51 postos pluviométricos mantidos na região pelo Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica (DAEE) e pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) e a Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ). A partir do limiar de 94 mm em 24 horas, obtido por meio da adaptação do método box plot, foi possível estabelecer áreas de maior ocorrência de eventos e buscar possíveis relações com outros elementos climáticos e geomorfológicos. Verificou-se que o setor centro-leste da bacia hidrográfica recebeu a maior quantidade de chuvas intensas no período estudado. Através do mapa de ocorrência desses fenômenos pode-se perceber a influência do relevo nessa dinâmica já que se trata do início do planalto Atlântico com altitudes de aproximadamente 1800 metros. Suscetíveis a grande quantidade de sistemas frontais e ZCAS, podemos atribuir a variabilidade desses eventos, em sua maioria, a esses sistemas já que predominaram no verão e primavera, justamente o maior período de ocorrência desses fenômenos. Posteriormente buscou-se verificar possíveis associações entre as características pluviométricas do local e a metodologia dos anos padrão. Após a análise desses elementos, pode-se perceber que existe uma boa relação entre os períodos considerados chuvosos e habituais e os eventos de chuva intensa, já que nesses anos obtivemos grande quantidade de precipitações intensas. Por fim, foi realizado o estudo de caso de dois eventos de precipitação que tiveram grande magnitude horária. As consequências em superfície, ficaram evidentes como por exemplo, inundações e alagamentos, representadas por meio de recortes de notícias de jornal de dias posteriores ao evento. / This research presents an analysis of the dynamics of intense precipitation events in the basin of Piracicaba river in the period from 1981 to 2010 with data from 50 rain gauges in the region maintained by the Department of Water and Power (DAEE), the National Water Agency (ANA) and Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) . Through the method of integrated analysis, it was the spatiality and variability of events in the study area, looking for possible explanations for the occurrence of these phenomena. From the threshold of 94 mm in 24 hours, obtained by adapting the box plot method, it was possible to establish areas of higher incidence of events and seek possible relationships with other climatic and geomorphological elements. It was found that the central-eastern sector of the basin received the highest amount of heavy rains during the study period. Through the occurrence of these phenomena map one can see the influence of relief in this dynamic since it is the beginning of the Atlantic plateau with altitudes of about 1800 meters. Susceptible to large amount of frontal systems and ZCAS, we can attribute the variability of these events, for the most part, these systems since prevailed in the summer and spring, just the greatest period of occurrence of these systems. Later he sought to investigate possible associations with rainfall characteristics of the site with the methodology of standard years. After analyzing these elements, one can see that there is a good relationship between rainy periods considered and intense rainfall events, since in those years got lots of heavy rainfall. Finally, the study was conducted in the case of two intense precipitation events that had great hourly magnitude. The consequences surface, were evident such as floods and flooding, represented through newspaper news clippings of days after the event.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T18:35:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 victordecarvalhoalves.pdf: 939143 bytes, checksum: 1d921ba52e0d306d3b83790a12e87945 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-09T10:47:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 victordecarvalhoalves.pdf: 939143 bytes, checksum: 1d921ba52e0d306d3b83790a12e87945 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T10:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 victordecarvalhoalves.pdf: 939143 bytes, checksum: 1d921ba52e0d306d3b83790a12e87945 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-17 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A densidade calórica é uma das unidades de energia mais indicadas para estudos bioenergéticos, sendo recentemente aplicada à quantificações do fluxo de energia em ecossistemas aquáticos. Neste estudo foram investigadas as variações de densidade calórica em quatro espécies de peixes da família Loricariidae (Siluriformes). Estas espécies podem ser classificadas dentro de dois grupos com diferenciados padrões reprodutivos: (i) Hypostomus punctatus e Neoplecostomus microps se reproduzem no período de maior precipitação; (ii) Rineloricaria sp.1 e Rineloricaria sp.2 apresentam atividade reprodutiva durante todo o ano. Coletas realizadas de março/2009 a novembro/2010 em sete pontos distribuídos nos trechos alto, médio e baixo do Rio Macaé (RJ), resultaram na amostragem de 279 indivíduos. Amostras de músculos tiveram seu conteúdo calórico determinado em bomba calorimétrica (IKA-C200), e os resultados foram relacionados a estádio de maturação, sexo, localidade e fase ontogenética, dentro da mesma espécie, e em relação a variáveis abióticas (temperatura da água, condutividade e fluxo) e índices biológicos (índice gonadossomático e fator de condição). A densidade calórica diferiu significativamente entre estádios reprodutivos de machos de N. microps e para ambos os sexos de R. sp.2. Não foram detectadas diferenças para ambos os sexos de R. sp.1. Padrões de variação energética ao longo do ciclo reprodutivo puderam ser constatados: fêmeas apresentaram maiores valores no estádio maturação e acentuada recuperação energética em seus músculos nos estádios semi-desovado (R. sp.1 e R. sp.2) e desovado (N. microps), enquanto os machos tiveram baixos valores de densidade calórica nos estádios semi-esgotado e esgotado (N. microps e R. sp.2). Juvenis de N. microps apresentaram valores médios significativamente menores e juvenis de H. punctatus demonstraram a mesma tendência. Diferenças significativas de densidade calórica relacionadas ao sexo foram verificadas apenas para R. sp2, embora, para todas as espécies, machos tenham exibido médias inferiores. Variações energéticas entre as localidades podem ser atribuídas a plasticidade trófica (N. microps), a amostragens desiguais de estádios reprodutivos nas localidades analisadas (R. sp.1) e variações na dieta (R. sp.2). A densidade calórica de R. sp.1 apresentou correlação positiva significativa com a temperatura e negativa com a condutividade em ambas localidades, ao passo que para R. sp.2, o oposto foi observado mas apenas em uma localidade. O fator de condição foi significativamente correlacionado com a densidade calórica apenas para N. microps em uma localidade. A comparação interespecífica revelou que as espécies de Rineloricaria diferiram entre si e que R. sp.1 diferiu de N. microps, indicando que espécies de loricarídeos podem diferir energeticamente dentro de um mesmo grupo trófico e dentro de um grupo que exibe o mesmo padrão reprodutivo. Os resultados revelam que ocorrem variações energéticas intraespecíficas em loricarídeos relacionadas ao sexo, fase ontogenética, estádio de maturação e posição trófica. As variações de densidade calórica dos loricarídeos estudados demonstram que este padrão é dinâmico mesmo para espécies que ocupam um mesmo nível trófico e também dentro da mesma espécie, de modo que essas variações devem ser consideradas em modelos bioenergéticos para ecossistemas lóticos tropicais. / The caloric density is one of the most appropriate energy units for bioenergetic studies, and has recently been applied to measurements of energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. The present study investigated changes in caloric density of four fish species of the family Loricariidae (order Siluriformes). These species can be classified into two different groups regarding reproductive patterns: (i) Hypostomus punctatus and Neoplecostomus microps breed in the rainy season; (ii) Rineloricaria sp.1 and Rineloricaria sp.2 exhibit reproductive activity during most the year. Samples taken from March/2009 to November/2010 in seven sites distributed in the upper, middle and lower stretches of the Macaé River (RJ), captured a total of 279 individuals. Caloric density in the muscles were determined in a calorimetric bomb (IKA-C200) and the values obtained were related to reproductive stage, sex, sampling site and ontogenetic stage within the same species and in relation to abiotic variables (water temperature, conductivity and flow) and biological indices (gonadosomatic index and condition factor). The caloric density differed significantly among reproductive stages of N. microps males and in both sexes of R. sp2.but not of R. sp1. Patterns of energy variation along the reproductive cycle could be detected: females had higher values in maturation stage, low values when mature and showed a substantial recovery during the semi-spawned (R. sp1 and R. sp2) and spawned stages (N. microps), whereas males had low values of caloric density in semi-spent and spent stages (N. microps and R. sp2). Juveniles showed lower caloric density than adults. Differences in caloric density related to sex were significant only for R. sp.2, although, for all species, males exhibited lower means. Energy variations among localities can be attributed to trophic plasticity (N. microps), unequal sampling of reproductive stages among the sampling sites (R. sp1) and variations in diet (R. sp2). The caloric density of R. sp1 showed significant positive correlation with temperature and negative correlation with conductivity in both sampling sites, whereas for R. sp.2 the opposite pattern was observed, but only in one site. The condition factor was significantly correlated with caloric density only for N. microps in one of the sampling sites. The interspecific comparison revealed that the Rineloricaria species differ between each other, and R. sp1 differs from N. microps, indicating that loricariid species may show different caloric densities within a same trophic level and even within a group that exhibits a same reproductive pattern. Intraespecific energetic variations in loricariids were shown to be related to sex, ontogenetic stage, reproductive stage and subtle differences in trophic position. The variations in the caloric density of loricariids herein studied demonstrate that this parameter is dynamic even in species occupying the same trophic level and also within the same species, hence such variations should be considered in bioenergetic models in tropical lotic ecosystems.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-06-29T15:50:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 derikribeirodepaiva.pdf: 8307169 bytes, checksum: 3b1448fabaff436fa6ccdfcbe5e4e90d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T13:52:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 derikribeirodepaiva.pdf: 8307169 bytes, checksum: 3b1448fabaff436fa6ccdfcbe5e4e90d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T13:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 derikribeirodepaiva.pdf: 8307169 bytes, checksum: 3b1448fabaff436fa6ccdfcbe5e4e90d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / O crescente interesse na representação dos aspectos do relevo tem como justificativa a ampla gama de possibilidades de aplicação dos produtos oriundos dessa técnica cartográfica no que se refere ao planejamento. Diante disso, a demanda por documentos cartográficos que subsidiem os processos de intervenção no relevo tem aumentado. Essa crescente atenção facultada à cartografia geomorfológica nas pesquisas ambientais tem culminado num subsidio não só a Geomorfologia especificamente, como também às diversas ciências que envolvem as mais distintas esferas do planejamento. Diante dessa realidade tornam-se de substancial importância os esforços em prol da pesquisa e desenvolvimento de trabalhos voltados para a produção de mapas e cartas geomorfológicas em escala de alto nível de detalhamento, visando que estas possam vir a subsidiar o processo decisório, em âmbito local, acerca da disposição espacial e tipos de intervenção passíveis ou não de serem desenvolvidas no ambiente em questão. Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral a elaboração da carta geomorfológica da bacia hidrográfica do rio Novo, intentando-se que esta possa subsidiar futuras pesquisas que visem a compreensão dos processos e fatores responsáveis pela conformação do relevo local. Como objetivos específicos intenta-se que a mesma possa subsidiar o processo decisório voltado para o planejamento na Zona da Mata Mineira, podendo também vir a fornecer dados básicos de entrada para outras pesquisas. A metodologia adotada para o alcance dos objetivos supracitados concerne à proposta elaborada no âmbito do IBGE, cujo princípio básico trata-se da ordenação dos fatos geomorfológicos conforme uma classificação que leva em consideração aspectos temporais e espaciais, e que viabiliza a distinção dos modelados como unidade básica do relevo, bem como os grupamentos que mantém relações hierárquicas com essas unidades básicas. Dessa forma, foram identificados os tipos de modelados, sendo estes posteriormente diferenciados e caracterizados de acordo com fatores intrínsecos à sua natureza estrutural, litológica, pedológica, climática e morfodinâmica. Como forma de expandir a compreensão acerca dos processos e dinâmicas condicionantes da conformação das paisagens da região foi levada a efeito uma interpretação de cunho morfoestrutural da área, tendo esta possibilitado a identificação de cinco distintos compartimentos morfoestruturais regionais que, em parte, abrangem a área cerne da presente pesquisa. / The increasing interest in the representation of the aspects of the relief has as justification the wide range of possibilities of application of the products coming from this cartographic technique when it comes to planning. In view of this, the demand for cartographic documents that subsidize relief intervention processes has increased. This growing attention given to geomorphological cartography in environmental research has culminated in a subsidy not only to Geomorphology specifically, but also to the various sciences that involve the most distinct spheres of planning. Faced with this reality, efforts to research and develop geomorphic maps and geomorphic charts on a high level of detail are becoming of great importance, aiming at supporting the decision-making process at the local level, about the spatial arrangement and types of intervention that may or may not be developed in the environment in question. Thus, the present dissertation has as general objective the elaboration of the geomorphological chart of the river basin of the rio Novo, trying to be able to subsidize future researches that aim at the understanding of the processes and factors responsible for the conformation of the local relief. As specific objectives, it is intended that it can support the decision-making process geared to planning in the Zona da Mata Mineira, and may also provide basic input data for other surveys. The methodology adopted for the achievement of the aforementioned objectives concerns the proposal elaborated within the scope of the IBGE, whose basic principle is the ordering of geomorphological facts according to a classification that takes into account temporal and spatial aspects, and which makes possible the distinction of those modeled as a unit as well as the groupings that maintain hierarchical relationships with these basic units. In this way, the types of modeling were identified, being later differentiated and characterized according to factors intrinsic to its structural, lithological, pedological, climatic and morphodynamic nature. As a way to expand the understanding of the processes and dynamics conditioning the landscape's conformation, a morphostructural interpretation of the area was carried out, making possible the identification of five distinct regional morphostructural compartments that, in part, cover the core area of this research.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Water resources management practice has undergone changes in management approaches and principles over time. It was previously characterised by what scholars refer to as the hydraulic mission where ‘extreme engineering’ was the order of the day (Allan, 2003). As Radif (1999) argues, water resources managers and policy makers were initially driven to manage and supply water to people for its direct use; these included drinking, growing food, and providing power for domestic and industrial use. This modus operandi continued until the end of the 1970s. Over two decades later, this focus is still prevalent in many countries in southern Africa including Botswana. As Swatuk and Rahm (2004) state, “augmenting supply is a continuing focus of government activity”. The National Water Master Plan (NWMP) is the current policy document guiding water resources management in Botswana and it focuses on supply-side interventions in response to increasing water demand. According to SMEC et al. (1991), the consulting company that conducted the NWMP study, “the investigation and studies... indicated the need for the continuing development of water supplies throughout Botswana over the next 30 years”. Based on these observations, government has developed significant human and technical capacity in exploiting both surface and groundwater resources (Swatuk and Rahm, 2004). / South Africa

The Devils Lake defection of 2005 demands a re-evaluation of the venerable Boundary Waters Treaty (BWT) between Canada and the United States. Why was the long-successful water agreement unable to solve this relatively minor dispute? More importantly, given irregularities between theoretical assertions and institutional history, what theory of international relations best explains a cooperative agreement that spans a near-century? Due to the complexities of shared river systems, any theory that seeks to explain international cooperation must adequately encompass three separate sources of state motivation. First, it must explain the technical, basin-position-driven realities that affect state attitudes towards negotiations. Second, it must explain the longer-term strategic factors that can inspire states to accept immediate losses for subsequent gains. Finally, it must acknowledge domestic sources of influence and understand how these forces constrain the state vis-à-vis others. This paper argues that liberalism, as defined by Andrew Moravcsik, is the best theoretical candidate. This is proven by comparing interpretations of the BWT history through realist, neoliberal, constructivist, and liberal lenses. After identifying and examining each theory's strengths and weaknesses, liberalism emerges as the most holistic view and should be favoured as a primary explanatory theory. Liberalism's theoretical underpinnings – interest group politics – best handles the technical, strategic, and domestic influences that affect Canada-US water relations. Whether examining what prompted efforts to initiate a water-sharing agreement, explaining the agreement's final structure, determining the impetus for continued cooperation, or identifying the incentives to finally break from treaty obligations, liberalism provides the most satisfying solutions. Though derived from the Canada-US border relationship, liberalism's superiority is not limited to the North American watershed. Because the factors examined are common to all shared international river systems and the paper's results are scalable, this suggests that liberalism will continue to be the appropriate primary IR theory to employ when examining state decision-making regarding water-sharing agreements. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

This study was based on the premise that watershed management on mountainous forested land generally, and in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia more specifically, will be benefitted by further knowledge of soil water drainage from the root zone of forested soils and by such development of methods of measuring soil water drainage as will make increased sampling more feasible. The study was concerned with (1) the development and application of two methods for evaluating soil water drainage; a tension lysimeter system and a method based on Darcy's equation, (2) the exploration of the relationship between rainfall, soil water drainage and streamflow. It was carried out at a forest site of Jamieson Creek Experimental Watershed in the upper Seymour River basin, southwestern B.C. near Vancouver. The tension lysimeter system incorporated a simple capability for manually regulating suction on the lysimeter plate in close conformity with the tension in surrounding soil and also a lysimeter plate that ensured satisfactory hydraulic contact between it and the soil. The application of Darcy's equation for calculating soil water drainage was based on field determinations of both soil hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient at the study site. Soil water drainage rates measured by the tension lysimeter system and those calculated by Darcy's equation showed good agreement, although the former were consistently and slightly higher. It was concluded that each method can provide reasonable estimates of soil water drainage and may be particularly useful in developing countries where a cheap labor source permits extensive and frequent soil water drainage sampling within a watershed. Soil water drainage amounts obtained by these two methods during each of two drying periods were in good agreement with those estimated from a water balance equation. Possible sources of error associated with soil water drainage measurements by tension lysimeter and by the method of Darcy's equation are discussed and possible improvements suggested. This study also indicated that, in the humid coastal region of southwestern British Columbia, soil water drainage is a major component of water balance for the root zone of forested soil and deserves further study. The time trends of soil water drainage were found to be similar to that of streamflow from the small watershed containing the study site. This suggests that the geologic, edaphic, topographical, climatological conditions favor a large and direct contribution of root zone soil water drainage to streamflow. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Stakeholder participation is a foundation of good water governance. Good groundwater governance typically involves the co-production of knowledge about the groundwater system. Models provide a vehicle for producing this knowledge, as well as a boundary object around which scientists and stakeholders can convene the co-production process. Through co-production, stakeholders and scientific experts can engage in exchanges that create system knowledge not otherwise achievable. The process involves one-way transfer of information, active two-way conversations, and integration of multiple kinds of knowledge into shared understanding. In the Upper Santa Cruz River basin in Arizona, USA, the University of Arizona Water Resources Research Center (WRRC) convened a project aimed at providing scientific underpinnings for groundwater planning and management. This project, entitled Groundwater, Climate, and Stakeholder Engagement, serves as a case study employing the first two stages of knowledge co-production using a hydrological model. Through an iterative process that included two-way communication, stakeholders provided critical input to hydrologic modeling analyses. Acting as a bridging organization, the WRRC facilitated a co-production process, involving location-specific and transferability workshops, which resulted in new knowledge and capacity for applying the model to novel problems.