The thesis focuses on comparison of road and rail freight in the South Bohemia rogion. The subjects of comparison were the ČSAD Jihotrans and the CD Cargo companies. The thesis consists of three parts: 1. transport of commodity {--} raw wood (round timber) by CD Cargo, 2. regular (daily) transport by ČSAD Jihotrans, 3. transport of cars by both companies and treir comparison. The main criterions are: time, systém of transport ordering, price and additional services provided. The aim was to use the services of both companies and to compare them from the viewpoint of a customer. From the results of the practical part of the thesis and after overall comparison of all the criterions I can conclude that road freight is more advantageous for the customers. However, we should not leave out of consideration the potentials of both types of cargo transport. Rail freight is of key importance in high-volume international cargo transport with a high percentage share in the transport of cars as well as of other commodities. Rail freight also better corresponds to the high requirements of the society on a sensitive approach of the companies to enviroment.

Packaging plays a crucial role in logistics as it has a significant effect on the efficiency of transportation. The shape and dimensions of packaging material has considerable impact on transport performance, whereas an optimal packaging system for products enables for improved utilization of the total volume on a load carrier. As a result of improved freight performance, transportation costs can be reduced. Improved vehicle utilization for shipments also has a positive impact on environmental aspects, as increased vehicle fill rate can lead to less required transports which ultimately lowers the overall carbon emissions caused by transports. Therefore, an optimization of the packaging model can lead to substantial benefits, both economically and environmentally. The purpose of this study was to create a cost estimation model for the company Machine Corporation that would illustrate what effects a new packaging strategy would have on transportation costs, fill rate and environmental aspects. To achieve this purpose, relevant data have been collected from the company together with suitable metrics found in the literature. The collected data was thereafter used to create a cost estimation model that served as a tool to determine the total costs and the potential savings. The outcome results of the model showed that Machine Corp. would have made a yearly saving of 2 341 353 SEK. The implementation of a new packaging strategy was estimated to increase the volume-based fill rate for truck loads by approximately 54% which enabled for a reduction of transportation costs by 32%. Furthermore, the results showed a positive impact on environmental aspects as the total amount of road freight shipments needed per year was estimated to reduce by 32% as well and the total tonnes-km per year would decrease by 31%.

Road freight transportation is important for the development of the global economy and, at the same time, one of the most destructive businesses when it comes to the environment and human health. As societies evolve, the need for freight transportation increases and the transport demand cannot in a sustainable way be fulfilled with the use of diesel trucks as it is done today. For the sake of our environment, the electrification transition needs to ramp up. However, when it comes to covering long distances with an electric truck, problems arise due to the lack of sufficient driving strategies, technology, and infrastructure adapted to the needs for long-distance electrified transportation. Therefore, different battery-electric truck solutions need to be evaluated to identify an economically, socially, and environmentally friendly way of operating. Consequently, the purpose of this master's thesis is the following:  From a carrier operation perspective, identify different solutions for electrified long-haul transportation and evaluate how cost competitive they are based on triple bottom line. To fulfill this purpose the study was divided into two steps, where the first one was to, through literature and interviews, identify different solutions for electric long-haul transportation and external parameters affecting these solutions. The parameters and solutions were then combined with different distances into focus cases. The second step consisted of identifying both internal and external cost drivers, which were used to create a cost model that considered environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The cost model was then used to evaluate the different focus cases to determine their competitiveness. The solutions were based on wire charging, a 300-, 450-, or 624 kWh battery, and were operated either through trailer swap or point-to-point. The external parameters that were the most important ones were battery degradation, the electricity market, and prerequisites for effective logistics. These were all combined into focus cases which were evaluated on the distances 300-, 400-, 500-, and 600 km. The cost model that was used included both internal and external costs to cover the economic, environmental, and social perspectives in the evaluation. To evaluate the focus cases and be able to compare it to a diesel solution the model considered the costs that differ between a battery electric truck and a diesel truck, which at an overall level was electricity cost, charging infrastructure, batteries, salary when charging, environmental, and social costs. For the distance of 300 km, the most competitive combination was wire charging, 300 kWh battery, and trailer swap. For the distances 400- and 500 km the best combination was wire charge, 450 kWh battery, and trailer swap. The best solution for 500 km was wire charge, 624 kWh battery, and trailer swap. The conclusion is, from a carrier operation perspective, that the most competitive solution to use is based on trailer swap, including a battery with a capacity that is adapted to the distance where the batteries can be charged through wire charging at a charger with a high utilization factor. Finally, for shorter distances, a battery electric truck is cost-competitive against a diesel truck. However, at longer distances a battery electric truck's competitiveness in comparison to a diesel truck gets worse, but at all distances the battery electric truck solution is both socially and environmentally beneficial in comparison to a diesel alternative.

By using innovative methods, such as the automated transfer of corporate electronic data to National Statistical Institutions, official transport data can be significantly improved in terms of reliability, costs and the burden on respondents. In this paper, we show that the automated compilation of statistical reports is possible and feasible. Based on previous findings, a new method and tool were developed in cooperation with two business partners from the logistics sector in Austria. The results show that the prototype could successfully be implemented at the partner companies. Improved data quality can lead to more reliable analyses in various fields. Compared to actual volumes of investments into transport, the costs of transport statistics are limited. By using the new and innovative data collection techniques, these costs can even be reduced in the long run; at the same time, the risk of bad investments and wrong decisions caused by analyses relying on poor data quality can be reduced. This results in a substantial value for business, research, the economy and the society.

This study examines the work of road freight transport driver in relation to the Czech and EU legal norms and standards in Czech Republic in place in 2011. The theoretical part outlines the responsibilities of drivers, especially the motor vehicle documentation, scheduling and planning of the working time on the road, stacking and securing of the freight and, duties and responsibilities during accidents in relation to the above mentioned legal framework. All this is then related to the roadside checks that constitute a commonly used control mechanism. The analytical part consists of a one-company case study; it examines the routines and general duties of the road freight drivers of one Czech freight company using surveys and interviews with the drivers focusing on their knowledge of Czech and EU legal norms. The conclusion then summarizes the results with the aim of shedding light on how the legal norms shape the working condition of Czech professional road freight drivers.

Research shows that climate changes we face today is a consequence of the increasing amounts of greenhouse gases that circulate in our atmosphere due to increased human industrial activity. Many firms and industries are therefore increasingly implementing environmental management strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions towards a more sustainable environment. These environmental management efforts can be broadly classified under two umbrellas which are sustainable production and sustainable consumption and these two parts need to work together in order to contribute effectively towards a more sustainable environment. The environmental management literature however reveals a gap between sustainable production and sustainable use of vehicles in the automotive industry showing that while the major global environmental impact - greenhouse gas emissions - occurs when vehicles are put to use, the environmental management efforts in the industry are skewed to the production of vehicles.An emerging trend to breach this gap is that vehicle manufacturers are providing extending services to help vehicle users minimize their greenhouse gas emissions. This study analyses the extended service packages of the global truck manufacturer, Scania, against the environmental objectives and initiatives of five road transport companies in Sweden. An exploratory case study approach was used from the perspective of the road freight transport companies to find out if extended services present suitable opportunities to extend environmental management from manufacturers to users in the road freight transport industry. The study found that the extended services provide solutions that help road freighttransport companies to achieve lower fuel consumption and lower emissions from theirvehicles. Road freight transport companies traditionally invest in environmental initiatives to gain marketing advantages but the extended services present a rare opportunity to the companies to compete on profit margins by investing in the extended services. / Market Making of a High-value Business Model in Low Cost Markets: Value Co-Creation in Swedish Industry, CeLS, Project manager: Leif-Magnus Jensen, leif-magnus.jensen@jibs.hj.se, +46 36 10 1881.

After reviewing land based freight growth trends nationally and internationally, this thesis discusses the main parameters governing fuel consumption, as well as past approaches in modelling road and rail energy consumption. Past work on comparing these two main modes is also reviewed here. The review included ways of estimating energy consumption of a complete freight task i.e., from origin to destination. Mathematical models estimating modal energy consumption are presented in this thesis. Modal energy consumption is a complex function to be approximated in practice due to numerous variables affecting their outcome. Energy demands are particularly sensitive to changes in vehicle characteristics such as mass and size; route parameters such as grade and curvature; traffic conditions such as level of congestion; and less sensitive to ambient conditions, such as temperature and altitude. There is a large set of energy estimation models available to transportation planners. Unfortunately, unless simple relationships are established for energy estimation and modal comparison, their application in freight movement planning and corridor development becomes computationally prohibitive. This thesis describes the development of a modal freight energy comparison tool to quantify the energy advantage from mode choice, corridor development and vehicle types and loading improvements. The thesis also describes the used modelling processes and the trade-offs between model complexity and data quality. The tool developed in this thesis is based on well established relationships between energy consumption and traffic flow, route and vehicle operating characteristics for road freight movement. The rail freight component was developed from equations of motion together with parameters obtained from past studies. The relationships have been enhanced to fit the purpose of corridor level comparative analysis. The comparison tool has been implemented using a spreadsheet based approach developed specifically to calculate the total door to door energy consumption for given task options. A series of linked sheets enable the user to: specify all necessary inputs; estimate road and rail energy by trip segment. The outputs consist of trip segment energy demand and total energy efficiency of each option. A case study approach, for aiding in model development and testing, is presented. Toowoomba second range crossing in Southern Queensland, Australia (section between below Postman's Ridge and Gowrie Junction) was selected. Four options considered include existing and proposed road and rail corridors. The existing rail and road corridors could be taken as a typical poor case, with very high grades and sharp curvatures. The proposed new road section has a relaxed curvature and gradient. The section of proposed rail corridor, under consideration here, still contains a high grade section. However, the proposed track length is considerably shorter than the base-case. The new proposed train alignment was found as the most efficient mode and the existing trains as the least efficient mode when measured based on absolute expected fuel gain (litres/tonnage of freight moved). This could be attributed to the improvement in curvature and load carrying capacity. However, when the options are compared in terms of litres/1000 NTK, the new train option did not show a significant advantage. Furthermore, the developed model was applied on some simulated cases to test the functionality of other aspects of the model. The total door-to-door energy consumption and the efficiency were compared for all the simulated cases. It showed that the energy efficiency of scenarios varies exponentially with the variation in the ratio of road pickup and delivery legs to the rail line-haul length. In general, energy efficiency of the intermodal options was found to be better unless the best case of the road and the worst case of intermodal option was compared. The modelling approaches presented in the thesis and the comparison model developed in this study could be used for several purposes namely: to assess the energy (and hence greenhouse gas) implications of specific modal freight movements; to aid in the economic and environmental evaluation of transport options; and to assess the potential for energy efficiency gains from vehicle and infrastructure improvements. A number of suggested improvements to the model are also discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ph_me_mar.pdf: 1885064 bytes, checksum: 3b53d96f12ef738d3d1bbe13db905059 (MD5) / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as condições objetivas e subjetivas da dinâmica associativa presente na organização do trabalho dos caminhoneiros no Porto de Santos a partir de um estudo de caso realizado na Associação Comercial de Transportadores Autônomos (ACTA) e no Sindicato dos Transportadores Rodoviários Autônomos de Cargas a Granel (SINDGRAN). As entidades pesquisadas surgem em meados da década de 1980 e início dos anos 1990 como produto da resistência dos caminhoneiros diante do crescimento das empresas de transporte no transporte rodoviário e de sua tendência à monopolização da distribuição de cargas. Esse contexto foi compreendido mundialmente no conjunto das mudanças tecnológicas e organizacionais engendradas no processo de trabalho na década de 1970 e da implantação do neoliberalismo, processo que no Brasil tardiamente mesclou formas diferentes, mas não antagônicas do fordismo/taylorismo e toyotismo. Entretanto, dado a particularidade do trabalho do caminhoneiro, condição que remete a inserção desses sujeitos no processo de produção capitalista brasileiro, coube apontar como se manifestou a precarização nesse setor: que tipo de terceirização, como as inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais foram apropriadas e que implicações objetivas e subjetivas impuseram à categoria de trabalhadores em questão. Tal processo, carregado de contradições, impõe avanços e limites nas formas de organização econômica e política dos caminhoneiros, ao mesmo tempo em que é moldado pela pressão que esses sujeitos exercem. Assim, buscamos apontar como breves indicações as manifestações da questão da classe e da consciência de classe nessa categoria. / This study aims to analyze the objective and subjective conditions of associative dynamics present in the organization of the work of truckers at the Port of Santos from a case study conducted at the Commercial Association of Autonomous Transporters (ACTA) and the Union of Road Transporters Autonomous Bulk Cargo (SINDGRAN). The entities surveyed appear in the mid-1980s and early 1990s as a product of the resistance of the truckers before the growth of transport companies in road transport and its tendency to monopolize the distribution of loads. This context was understood throughout the world of technological and organizational changes engendered in the work process in the 1970s and the implementation of neo-liberalism, a process which later merged in Brazil in different ways, but not antagonistically Fordism/Taylorism and Toyotism. However, given the particularity of the work of the truckers, a condition that refers to the insertion of these subjects in the process of capitalist Brazilian production, it is important to show the precarious conditions in this industry: what kind of outsourcing, such as technological and organizational innovations were appropriate and what objective and subjective implications were imposed to the category of workers concerned. This process, fraught with contradictions, requires advances and limits in the forms of economic and political organization of the truckers while it is also shaped by the pressure that these guys men perform. From this point, we would like to remind the peculiarities of class and class consciousness in this category.

Orientador: Giovanni Antônio Pinto Alves / Banca: Antônio Carlos Mazzeo / Banca: Mauro Luís Iasi / Resumo: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as condições objetivas e subjetivas da dinâmica associativa presente na organização do trabalho dos caminhoneiros no Porto de Santos a partir de um estudo de caso realizado na Associação Comercial de Transportadores Autônomos (ACTA) e no Sindicato dos Transportadores Rodoviários Autônomos de Cargas a Granel (SINDGRAN). As entidades pesquisadas surgem em meados da década de 1980 e início dos anos 1990 como produto da resistência dos caminhoneiros diante do crescimento das empresas de transporte no transporte rodoviário e de sua tendência à monopolização da distribuição de cargas. Esse contexto foi compreendido mundialmente no conjunto das mudanças tecnológicas e organizacionais engendradas no processo de trabalho na década de 1970 e da implantação do neoliberalismo, processo que no Brasil tardiamente mesclou formas diferentes, mas não antagônicas do fordismo/taylorismo e toyotismo. Entretanto, dado a particularidade do trabalho do caminhoneiro, condição que remete a inserção desses sujeitos no processo de produção capitalista brasileiro, coube apontar como se manifestou a precarização nesse setor: que tipo de terceirização, como as inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais foram apropriadas e que implicações objetivas e subjetivas impuseram à categoria de trabalhadores em questão. Tal processo, carregado de contradições, impõe avanços e limites nas formas de organização econômica e política dos caminhoneiros, ao mesmo tempo em que é moldado pela pressão que esses sujeitos exercem. Assim, buscamos apontar como breves indicações as manifestações da questão da classe e da consciência de classe nessa categoria. / Abstract: This study aims to analyze the objective and subjective conditions of associative dynamics present in the organization of the work of truckers at the Port of Santos from a case study conducted at the Commercial Association of Autonomous Transporters (ACTA) and the Union of Road Transporters Autonomous Bulk Cargo (SINDGRAN). The entities surveyed appear in the mid-1980s and early 1990s as a product of the resistance of the truckers before the growth of transport companies in road transport and its tendency to monopolize the distribution of loads. This context was understood throughout the world of technological and organizational changes engendered in the work process in the 1970s and the implementation of neo-liberalism, a process which later merged in Brazil in different ways, but not antagonistically Fordism/Taylorism and Toyotism. However, given the particularity of the work of the truckers, a condition that refers to the insertion of these subjects in the process of capitalist Brazilian production, it is important to show the precarious conditions in this industry: what kind of outsourcing, such as technological and organizational innovations were appropriate and what objective and subjective implications were imposed to the category of workers concerned. This process, fraught with contradictions, requires advances and limits in the forms of economic and political organization of the truckers while it is also shaped by the pressure that these guys men perform. From this point, we would like to remind the peculiarities of class and class consciousness in this category. / Mestre

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the German Act on the Regulation of a Minimum Wage, which affects Czech hauliers operating in Germany. First of all, macroeconomic and microeconomic issues in the field of road transport and of course the specifics of German Act (MILOG) are described. Secondly, the main effects of the law on business are analysed in case of the Czech haulier ¨Dítě Spedition s.r.o.¨ In the following, an increase in operating costs of the company according to the MILOG is calculated. Moreover, there is a prediction of potential scenarios in case of confirmation of legality of MILOG applying to the international road freight transport. In conclusion, the main arguments why the act is contrary to the basic principles of the single European market are explained.