Bakgrund: Prognoser för den framtida konjunkturutvecklingen är av värde för såväl allmänheten som beslutsfattare i många led. De förlitar sig på olika former av ekonomiska prognoser för att justera sina förväntningar på efterfrågan och prissättning därefter.Forskningen kring transportsektorn som en konjunkturindikator har visat olika resultat beroende på flera faktorer men Tyskland som har en liknande transportsektor som Sverige introducerade nyligen ett nytt konjunktursmått som var baserat på tunga transporter. Syfte: Uppsatsen syftar till att med statistiska metoder undersöka om det finns eventuella samband mellan efterfrågan på transport genom tunga fordon och hela eller delar av den ekonomiska utvecklingen i Sverige som är av sådant slag att olika variabler kopplat till godstransport kan användas för att prognostisera ekonomisk upp- och nedgång. Genomförande: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har sekundärdata samlats in från OECD samt SCB & Trafa. Variablerna som hämtats är BNP, IPI, transportarbete & nyregistreringar. För att klargöra huruvida variablerna samspelar på kort & lång sikt så testar vi för kointegration och Granger-Kausalitet. Slutsats: Vi finner inga bevis på att transportarbete eller nyregistreringar innehåller värdefull information för att prognosticera framtida konjunkturvärden. Vi finner samband mellan BNP & IPI och nyregistreringar både på kort och lång sikt men tvärtom från vad studien syftade till visar vi att BNP och IPI föregår nyregistreringar i testet för Granger-kausalitet. / Background: Predicting economic growth is valuable for both the general public and decision makers in different parts of society. They rely on different kinds of econometric predictions to adjust their expectations related to price and demand. Studies based around the ability of transportation to predict future values of economic growth has shown differing results depending on various factors but Germany, who has a relatively similar transportation sector as Sweden, has recently implemented a new economic growth measure based on road freight. Aim: Through econometrical methods we aimed to study the relationship between the transportation sector, more specifically the road freight part, and economic growth and study road freights ability to predict future economic growth in Sweden. Completion: To fulfill the aim of the study we collected secondary data from SCB and OECD & Trafa. Our data collection consisted of four variables which was GDP and IPI as economic growth proxies and new registrations for road freight vehicles and road freight per kilometer were chosen as variables for the road freight sector. To understand how road freight could predict future economic growth for both short- and long term we tested for Granger-causality and cointegration. Conclusion: Our study shows no evidence for road freight being a valuable indicator for predicting future economic growth. Relationships were found between GDP & IPI and new registrations on short- and long term but in contradiction to our studies purpose the relationship was found to be from GDP & IPI to new registrations and not the other way around.

The road freight transport industry is facing radical changes that have the potential to fundamentally change the industry and pressure actors to embrace sustainability throughout their operations and implement technology in the broadest sense. The road transport industry is permeated by the use of fossil fuels and accounts for a significant part of the total CO2 emissions in the world. The entire industry is facing a fossil-free transition to reach the global environmental initiatives that countries have undertaken. At the same time as the industry is phasing out fossil fuels and using more sustainable fuels, the literature has a coherent view that transported goods are expected to increase significantly, and the imprint of the COVID-19 pandemic is increasingly affecting the industry with shortages of drivers and more vulnerable supply chains. This study has aimed to identify changes that affect the road freight transport industry in the short term (0-5 years) and the long term (5-20 years) with a focus on Europe. Furthermore, the study has applied the results of the study to a framework of future scenarios that previous research has contributed with, in collaboration with over 50 industry experts from the transport industry, to evaluate the impact of the changes concerning the expected futures that the research has resulted in. The study has applied literature search, a document study, and interviews with actors from the industry to collect relevant data and has resulted in most of the identified changes that the road transport industry is expected to be affected by in the short and long term.  The changes have been divided into three levels: ecosystem, business, and technology. The macro factors that affect the industry are increased regionalization and urbanization, increased customer requirements and consumption, and extensive introduction of laws and regulations concerning environmental impact and technology. Furthermore, the business changes are increased operational costs, the establishment of partnerships and alliances, circularity, and lack of staff. The technical factors consist of AI, IoT, and new more sustainable fuels. The primary effects include increased local production of goods that contribute to shorter transport distances but more transport, fossil-free transport with mainly electricity and hydrogen as fuel and thus new establishments of electricity and hydrogen infrastructure, many global initiatives to achieve sustainability, extensive application of technologies to streamline supply chains as well as more comprehensive rules and requirements regarding new unexplored technologies. Furthermore, future scenarios have been applied to evaluate the possible impact on the industry, which is visualized in figure 14. Suggestions for further research in the field are changes in the industry that take place but which this work has not addressed as it is not perceived as having significant effects on the road transport industry, such as increased deliveries of fresh goods, 3D printing, multimodal transport, and an older population and thus increased shipments of medical devices. / Vägtransportbranschen står inför radikala förändringar med potential att förändra industrin fundamentalt och pressar aktörerna till att anamma hållbarhet genomgående i sina operationer och implementera teknologi i vid bemärkelse. Vägtransportbranschen genomsyras av användning av fossila bränslen och står för en väsentlig del av de totala CO2 utsläppen i världen. Hela industrin står inför en fossilfri omställning för att nå upp till de globala initiativen som länder åtagit sig att genomföra i ett försök att bromsa den negativa klimatpåverkan som utsläpp leder till. Samtidigt som branschen ska fasa ut fossila bränslen och använda hållbarare drivmedel påstår litteraturen att transporterat gods ökar markant och COVID-19 pandemins avtryck påverkar i allt större utsträckning med brist på chaufförer och sårbarare försörjningskedjor. Denna studie har syftat till att identifiera förändringar som påverkar vägtransportindustrin på kort sikt (0–5 år) samt på lång sikt (5–20 år) med fokus på Europa. Vidare har studien tillämpat resultaten på ett ramverk av framtida scenarion som tidigare forskning bidragit med i samarbete med över 50 industriexperter för att utvärdera förändringarnas påverkan med avseende på de möjliga framtiderna som forskningen resulterat i. Studien har tillämpat litteratursökning, dokumentstudie samt intervjuer med aktörer från vägtransportindustrin i syfte att samla relevant data och har resulterat i flertalet identifierade förändringar som vägtransportbranschen förväntas påverkas av på kort och lång sikt.  Förändringarna har uppdelats i tre nivåer; ekosystemets, affärsmässiga samt tekniska. De makrofaktorer som påverkar industrin är ökad regionalisering och urbanisering, ökade kundkrav och konsumtion samt införande av lagar och regler. Vidare är de affärsmässiga förändringarna etableringar av partnerskap och allianser, cirkularitet och brist på personal. De tekniska faktorerna består av AI, IoT och nya hållbarare drivmedel. De primära effekterna innefattar ökad lokal tillverkning av varor som bidrar till kortare transportsträckor men fler transporter, fossilfria transporter med främst elektricitet och vätgas som drivmedel och därmed nyetableringar av el- och vätgasinfrastruktur, många globala initiativ för att uppnå hållbarhet, omfattande tillämpning av teknologier för att effektivisera försörjningskedjorna samt mer omfattande regler och krav gällande nya outforskade teknologier. Vidare så har framtida scenarios tillämpats för att utvärdera möjlig påverkan på industrin, detta är visualiserat i figur 14. Förslag på fortsatt forskning inom området är förändringar i industrin som sker men som detta arbete inte behandlat då det inte uppfattats som att de ger väsentliga effekter på vägtransportbranschen, exempelvis ökade leveranser av färska varor, 3D-printing, multimodala transporter samt en äldre befolkning och därmed ökade transporter av medicinska hjälpmedel.

The electrification of the road freight sector has been visible in society during the last couple of years, where several companies have started to o↵er electric solutions. Further, this is due to an increased awareness of the negative impact of transport on the environment. However, Key Per- formance Indicators (KPIs) for evaluation and benchmarking have not kept up with the transition, creating a problem for new electric solutions to be communicated and understood.  The following study has been conducted with a Partner Company, which is a Swedish company that currently o↵ers electric transport. The Partner Company experiences a knowledge gap regarding which KPIs transport buyers follow up, whereas they want to know which KPIs are demanded when going electric. Therefore, a framework of KPIs could facilitate communication between stakeholders on the market and, with some adjustments, also be tailored to fit the Partner Company’s business. The purpose of the study is thus to design a framework of KPIs to measure and evaluate electric road freight and further adjust the framework to Partner Company. Developing a framework of KPIs requires structuring the constituent parameters to ease usability and practical applicability. The literature highlights that designing a framework can be done by determining KPIs, character- istics of the KPIs, and an appropriate categorization. Therefore, literature was studied regarding transport, KPIs, and processes of developing frameworks of KPIs. Together with the literature and the background, the process developed further acted as a basis for developing the study’s three Research Questions, aiming to ease answering the study’s overall purpose. The first Research Question is based on understanding traditional, fossil-driven road freight. The second Research Question aims to design a framework connected to electric road freight. When answering these questions, empirical data consisted of semi-structured interviews with transport buyers, transport providers, associated organizations, OEMs, and internal interviews at the Partner Company. The data collected was further analyzed to enable answering the Research Questions. Furthermore, the third Research Question intended to adjust the framework to fit the Partner Company, where a workshop with the Partner Company acted as empirical input and, together with an analysis of answers, further answered the last Research Question.  The framework developed was designed to facilitate communication between transport providers and transport buyers. Therefore, it was essential to capture transport buyers’ concerns, level of knowledge, and maturity regarding electric road freight and match the needs with the transport provider’s o↵ers.  After analyzing empirical data validated by literature, a cross-functional categorization of the framework could be made. KPIs were selected and assigned in the constituent categories of De- livery service, Costs, Operational electric, Planning and optimization, and Environmental impact. Furthermore, several characteristics were applied to each of the included KPIs, where important characteristics are; based on data, traceable, transparent, and market-oriented. In order to meet the study’s purpose, the framework was further adjusted to the Partner Company. The adjusted framework created a clear structure to facilitate when the Partner Company communicates KPIs with transport buyers. Several KPIs are recommended to be raised to solely build trust during the sales process. Other, more operational KPIs should be used by existing customers when following up the transport activity, and some KPIs should be written when the Partner Company contracts with new customers. In conclusion, the study’s purpose was achieved, as the framework developed is considered to facilitate the measuring and evaluation of electric road freight. The generalizability of the framework enables stakeholders in the market to further apply it within their businesses. The framework reduces the knowledge gap and increases communicability for improved benchmarking. Further, as the framework can act as a standard, the understanding of electric road freight can increase, something the study’s problematization was intended to facilitate.

Submitted by Mauri Marcelo Bevervanço Júnior (maurimarcelo@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T18:52:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho de Conclusão - FGV EDSP - Mestrado em Direito dos Negócios - Mauri M. Bevervanco Jr..pdf: 4710915 bytes, checksum: 604b2e6038864d2bd2ed797ddfde48af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2017-09-26T19:11:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho de Conclusão - FGV EDSP - Mestrado em Direito dos Negócios - Mauri M. Bevervanco Jr..pdf: 4710915 bytes, checksum: 604b2e6038864d2bd2ed797ddfde48af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T12:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trabalho de Conclusão - FGV EDSP - Mestrado em Direito dos Negócios - Mauri M. Bevervanco Jr..pdf: 4710915 bytes, checksum: 604b2e6038864d2bd2ed797ddfde48af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / The present work analyzes an important provision of law n. 11.442 / 2007: the definition, in the text of the law of a time limit for loading and unloading of vehicles in road freight transport. In addition to setting the time limit, the law defines what remuneration is due to the carrier in case of delay. This institute is currently known as a estadia in the field of road freight transport. As shown in this study, the different legal frameworks of the estadia bring numerous practical consequences. In the absence of a more in-depth analysis by the doctrine and jurisprudence, the judicial decisions have given different types of treatment in the litigious cases involving the estadia. Therefore, relevant issues such as the statutory deadline and method of collection, the responsible for the payment, the need for proof of fault, and the possibility of free prior adjustment between the parties are therefore undefined. / O presente trabalho analisa uma importante disposição da Lei n. 11.442/2007: a definição, no próprio texto da lei de um tempo limite para carregamento e descarregamento de veículo no transporte rodoviário de cargas. Além de definir o tempo limite, a lei define qual a remuneração devida ao transportador em caso de atraso. Esse instituto é atualmente conhecido como estadia no ramo do transporte rodoviário de cargas. Como fica demonstrado neste estudo, os diferentes enquadramentos jurídicos da estadia trazem inúmeras consequências de ordem prática. Na falta de uma análise mais aprofundada por parte da doutrina e jurisprudência, as decisões judicias tem dado diferentes tipos de tratamento nos casos litigiosos envolvendo a estadia. Seguem indefinidas, portanto, questões relevantes, como o prazo prescricional e forma de cobrança, o responsável pelo pagamento, a necessidade de comprovação de culpa e a possibilidade de livre ajuste prévio entre as partes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JRCampanele.pdf: 1060359 bytes, checksum: 991cfa8ded43fa5be30e7f17d30f9dc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-07 / Through a survey from 1990 to 2004, ( JUCESP ) - Board of Trade of the State of São Paulo - recorded more than 2.1 million new businesses and closed the record of 1.3 million . This means extinction of approximately 281 000 direct jobs and the economy recession of 15.6 billion Reais billing and capital invested. Small and medium enterprises are key to absorbing the impacts caused by the volatility of the economy, the same proportion as vulnerable to these fluctuations. Because of its economic importance , which is verified by the figures presented by the responsible institutes for the dissemination of control and economic indicators, such as ( IBGE ) - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - ( BNDES ) Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social ( SEBRAE ) Brazilian Service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises and Ministry of Labour and Social Development. This paper aims to check in the development their management processes, freight carriers from Grande ABC, include strategic planning and what steps are more used. For date collection were sent 150 questionnaires targeted to executives and owners of cargo carriers ABC. Were answered through 14 questionnaires email. As the number of respondents was too small, some contacts were made directly with the owners in order to schedule interviews. Thus, it was possible to have six questionnaires interviews answered and four whose script is semi - structured based on strategic planning literature. Through literature and field research, it was observed that is does not matter what segment type or size of organization during the process of creation, development and implementation of strategic planning, some end up losing or straying from the project because of model to be followed. The intention of this work is to contribute to the beginning managers in the processes of creation, development and implementation of strategic planning. / Através de uma pesquisa de 1990 até 2004, a (JUCESP) - Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo - registrou mais de 2,1 milhões de novas empresas e encerrou o registro de 1,3 milhões. Isso significa extinção de aproximadamente 281 mil empregos diretos e a retirada da economia de 15,6 bilhões de reais de faturamento e capital investidos. As pequenas e médias empresas são fundamentais para absorção dos impactos causados pela volatilidade da economia, na mesma proporção que vulneráveis a essas oscilações. Devido sua importância econômica, a qual é verificada através dos números apresentados pelos órgãos responsáveis pela divulgação do controle e índices econômicos, como o (IBGE) - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - (BNDES) Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, (SEBRAE) Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas e Ministérios do Trabalho e do Desenvolvimento Social, esse trabalho tem como proposta verificar se no desenvolvimento de seus processos gerenciais, as transportadoras de cargas do Grande ABC, contemplam o planejamento estratégico e quais as etapas mais utilizadas. Para coleta de dados foram enviados 150 questionários direcionados aos executivos e proprietários das transportadoras de cargas do ABC. Foram respondidos através de e-mails 14 questionários. Como o número de respondentes era muito pequeno, foram realizados alguns contatos diretamente com os proprietários, visando o agendamento de entrevistas.

Orientador: Maria Lucia Galves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_Alvaro_M.pdf: 5114678 bytes, checksum: c1f07437e5886f622cc75543b7bd28c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistema de gestão ambiental para empresa prestadora de serviços logísticos do transporte rodoviário de carga, baseado na norma NBR ISO 14001, integrando o conceito de gestão ecológica, que considera a empresa como uma organização viva com seu fluxo metabólico. A partir da avaliação ambiental inicial, foi possível conhecer o posicionamento da empresa em relação ao meio ambiente e dar seqüência na implantação do sistema de gestão ambiental. Os resultados obtidos, em termos de conscientização ecológica, redução de custos operacionais, racionalização e otimização dos recursos naturais, ganho de competitividade e reforço da imagem corporativa, permitiram à empresa agregar valor na prestação de serviços logísticos / Abstract: This work presents a proposal for an environmental management system to be used by one third-parties logistics of road freight transport, based on standard NBR ISO 14001, integrating the concept of ecologica1 management that considers the enterprise as a living organization with its metabolic flow. Based on the environmental assessment review, it was possible to know the position of the enterprise vis a vis the environment and to implement an environmental management system. The results, in terms of raising ecological consciousness, reducing operational costs, optimizing the use of natural resources, and competitiveness as well as reinforcement of the image of the corporation, allowed the enterprise to add value to its logistics services / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur företag kan använda sig av CSR för att skapa konkurrenskraft. För att undersöka och svara på syftet etablerades tre frågeställningar som djupare gav svar på syftet. De här frågeställningarna berörde hållbarhet inom transportbranschen, hur CSR påverkar företag inom transportbranschen och vilken ambition det finns i branschen idag. För att svara på dessa frågeställningar har en teoretisk referensram etablerats för att senare skapa en kvalitativ studie innehållande intervjuer. Denna kvalitativa studie visade att CSR och hållbarhetsarbete finns och är utsträckta över transportbranschen, att det används av företag både av moraliskt syfte och för att bli mer attraktiva på marknaden. Den största överensstämmelse mellan det teoretiska ramverket och empirin är att båda menar att effektiviteten i CSR-arbetet till stor del är beroende av den kommunikation och förmedling som är involverad. Den största skillnaden mellan det empiriska materialet och det teoretiska ramverket är realiseringen av hållbarhetsarbetet. De empiriska källorna beskriver stor svårighet att implementera CSR i deras företag, på grund av höga kostnader och bristande intresse från intressenter. / The purpose of this essay was to investigate how companies can use CSR to create competitiveness. To investigate and answer the purpose, three questions were established that answered the purpose more deeply. These questions concerned sustainability in the transport industry, how CSR affects companies in the transport industry and what ambitions there are in the industry today. To answer these questions, a theoretical frame of reference has been established to later create a qualitative study containing interviews. This qualitative study showed that CSR and sustainability work exist and are extended across the transport industry and that it is used by companies both for a moral purpose but also to become more attractive on the market. The greatest agreement between the theoretical framework and the empirical data is that both believe that the effectiveness of CSR work is largely dependent on the communication and mediation involved. The biggest difference between the empirical material and the theoretical framework is the realization of the sustainability work. The empirical sources describe great difficulty in implementing CSR in their companies, due to excessive costs and lack of interest from stakeholders.

The transportation sector plays a significant role in global carbon emissions, emphasizing the need for transitioning to alternative fuel technologies. This thesis primarily aims to examine the factors that influence small road freight transport companies in Sweden when transitioning to alternative fuel technology. The focus is on identifying these determinants and their respective significance, utilizing a company internal Resource-Based view as the analytical framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among small road freight transport companies, with data analyzed using pattern and keyword matching analysis. The results reveal multiple determinants within financial, technological and organizational resources. Range, purchase cost, and customer demand emerged as the most influential determinants, with range limitations hindering adoption and high costs deterring investment. However, customer demand for eco-friendly transport presents an opportunity for companies to gain a competitive advantage. Company size, cargo type, and operational constraints also influence decision-making. In the data selection, micro companies exhibit a higher propensity for drop-in alternative fuels, while small-sized companies engaged in short-haul transportation are more open to alternative fuel adoption and riskier investments. Risk-averse followers tend to stick to established practices. Policymakers are recommended to invest in infrastructure, provide subsidies, and implement regulations to incentivize adoption, while vehicle producers should optimize designs and collaborate with fuel producers. Further research is advised to investigate the viability of different low-carbon fuel alternatives, explore challenges and motivations faced by different company types, and conduct comparative studies. Quantitative research methods can offer broader insights into this area of study.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-09-26T19:15:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCDAC.pdf: 10114021 bytes, checksum: b3e4f52846924539caadab8587fe2250 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-26T18:36:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCDAC.pdf: 10114021 bytes, checksum: b3e4f52846924539caadab8587fe2250 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-26T18:36:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCDAC.pdf: 10114021 bytes, checksum: b3e4f52846924539caadab8587fe2250 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T18:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCDAC.pdf: 10114021 bytes, checksum: b3e4f52846924539caadab8587fe2250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / This work aims at treating the Dynamic Vehicle Allocation Problem (DVAP) in the context of the Brazilian Freight Transportation system. The problem consists of allocating empty vehicles to different terminals so as to attend the demand of freight transport during a predetermined planning horizon while maximizing the profit from these services. These type of decisions arise in customized freight transport services and in between-terminals operations of consolidation freight services. Given the size of the resulting models of real life problems confronted by third party logistics operators are large for using exact solution methods, heuristic methods have been used for giving good quality solution at the expense of optimality guarantee. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute with solution methods that provide optimality guarantee or quality solution certificates for treating large-scale problems in reasonable computational times. The methods utilized are lagrangean relaxation, using subgradient optimization, and DantzigWolfe decomposition together with a lagrangian heuristic and factibilization method, respectively. Computational experiments are presented and analyzed for randomly generated instances and real-world instances from a brasilian freight operator. The latter method shows great potential for treating large-scale problems. / Este trabalho aborda o problema de Alocação Dinâmica de Veículos (PADV) no contexto de Transporte Rodoviário de Carga. O problema envolve alocar veículos de carga para atender a demanda de transporte de carga prevista entre terminais durante um horizonte de tempo multiperíodos e finito. O objetivo e maximizar o lucro gerado pelos serviços completados. Este tipo de decisões surge nos serviços de transporte de carga de lotação e na parcela de transporte de transferência dos serviços de transporte de carga consolidada. Dado que o tamanho dos problemas que enfrentam as transportadoras logísticas sÃo consideravelmente grandes parase resolver com métodos exatos em tempos computacionais aceitáveis, tem-se utilizado métodos heurísticos para dar boas soluções sem garantia de otimalidade mas em tempos toleráveis a estes problemas. Neste contexto, pretende-se contribuir com métodos de solução que proporcionem garantia de otimalidade e/ou boas soluções aproximadas, acompanhadas de certificados de otimalidade ou de qualidade de solução, para tratar problemas de porte em tempos razoáveis. Os métodos propostos estao baseados em relaxação lagrangiana, utilizando o método de otimização do subgradiente, e na decomposto de Dantzig Wolfe, utilizando a técnica de geração de colunas, além de heurísticas lagrangianas e de factibilização acopladas nestes métodos. Experimentos computacionais usando instâncias geradas aleatoriamente e baseados em dados reais de transportadoras brasileiras sao apresentados e analisados, para as duas abordagens, mostrando seus potenciais de aplicação pratica, principalmente para problemas de grande porte.

The goal of the thesis is to sum up the issues of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road and rail comprehensively, from the perspective of the Czech legal system, and to analyze the issues of the electronic consignment notes, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their usage, or to asses the barriers for their usage if they are not widely used yet.