Playsam in Kalmar AB are world famous for their design of the toys they sell. Together with their CEO Carl Zedig the goal was to find a new product for the company.  The process has far from been linear, I started off in one direction, got rejected, turned another way and we finally decided to create a rocking horse in a De Stijl style. At the same time taking consideration of the demands from Playsam and myself.Playsam’s products are archetypes of ordinary objects around us such as the car or the aeroplane. The company mainly produces its toys in wood and the stylized shape together with the blank painted surface has become a hallmark for them.De Stijl, the Dutch art movement containing artists, designers and architects such as Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and Gerrit Rietveld. Given inspiration for the rocking horse was Rietveld’s chair Red-Blue.I, Niklas Bonnevier, have a technical background and I am shaped by that. I rather draw with a ruler than by free hand, I often think mathematically instead of in free shapes. In my projects I often work with humour and playfulness, but with great seriousity as a base.The challenge in the project was to take in consideration the factors that would affect the shape and make decisions of what was the most essential to reach the goal. Compromises had to be done since all factors could not get the space they demanded. To renounce the thoughts of Rietveld in the making of the chair Red-Blue hurt in the designer soul but the main thing is that the product works for what it is meant to. Playsam also have to be allowed to say theirs if the result is supposed to be a commercial product in their range of products.

<p>Playsam in Kalmar AB are world famous for their design of the toys they sell. Together with their CEO Carl Zedig the goal was to find a new product for the company.  The process has far from been linear, I started off in one direction, got rejected, turned another way and we finally decided to create a rocking horse in a De Stijl style. At the same time taking consideration of the demands from Playsam and myself.Playsam’s products are archetypes of ordinary objects around us such as the car or the aeroplane. The company mainly produces its toys in wood and the stylized shape together with the blank painted surface has become a hallmark for them.De Stijl, the Dutch art movement containing artists, designers and architects such as Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg and Gerrit Rietveld. Given inspiration for the rocking horse was Rietveld’s chair Red-Blue.I, Niklas Bonnevier, have a technical background and I am shaped by that. I rather draw with a ruler than by free hand, I often think mathematically instead of in free shapes. In my projects I often work with humour and playfulness, but with great seriousity as a base.The challenge in the project was to take in consideration the factors that would affect the shape and make decisions of what was the most essential to reach the goal. Compromises had to be done since all factors could not get the space they demanded. To renounce the thoughts of Rietveld in the making of the chair Red-Blue hurt in the designer soul but the main thing is that the product works for what it is meant to. Playsam also have to be allowed to say theirs if the result is supposed to be a commercial product in their range of products.</p>

Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνάται µια νέα φιλοσοφία αντισεισµικού σχεδιασµού θεµελίων, η οποία βασίζεται στην αξιοποίηση της µη - γραµµικής συµπεριφοράς του εδάφους µέσω διαρροής της θεµελίωσης. Για αυτό το σκοπό δηµιουργήθηκαν στο πρόγραµµα SAP2000 µε επιφανειακά πεπερασµένα στοιχεία, προσοµοιώµατα τοιχώµατος - θεµελίου στη βάση των οποίων δόθηκαν χρονοΐστορίες σεισµών µε στόχο τη µελέτη της ανελαστικής απόκρισής τους. Κατά την διάρκεια της παρούσας διατριβής αναπτύχθηκε µία µεθοδολογία αποµείωσης της αντοχής του προσοµοιώµατος και πραγµατοποιήθηκε πλήθος ανελαστικών αναλύσεων. Οι αναλύσεις που πραγµατοποιήθηκαν έχουν παραµετρικό χαρακτήρα και οδηγούν στην εξαγωγή χρήσιµων για την µελέτη της ανελαστικής απόκρισης θεµελίων, διαγραµµάτων και συµπερασµάτων. / --

Because conventional seismic force resisting systems rely on yielding of key structural members to limit seismic forces, structural damage is expected after a design-level earthquake. Repairing this damage can be very expensive, if it is possible at all. Researchers have been developing a new family of self-centring systems that avoid structural damage. One such system is a controlled rocking steel frame, which is the subject of this thesis. In a controlled rocking steel frame, the columns of a frame are permitted to uplift from the foundation, and the response is controlled by using a combination of post-tensioning and energy dissipation. Although previous studies have confirmed the viability of this system, they have also shown that rocking does not fully limit the peak seismic forces because of higher mode effects. If a structure is designed to account for these effects, it may be uneconomical, but if it is not designed to account for them, it may be unsafe. The purpose of this thesis is to develop recommendations for the design of controlled rocking steel frames, particularly with regard to higher mode effects. A theoretical framework for understanding higher mode effects is developed, and large-scale shake table testing is used to study the behaviour of a controlled rocking steel frame. Two mechanisms are proposed to mitigate the increase in structural forces due to higher mode effects, and these mechanisms are validated by shake table testing. Numerical modelling of controlled rocking steel frames is shown to become more reliable when higher mode mitigation mechanisms are used to limit the seismic response. In the final chapters, the thesis proposes and validates a new methodology for the limit states design of controlled rocking steel frames.

Because conventional seismic force resisting systems rely on yielding of key structural members to limit seismic forces, structural damage is expected after a design-level earthquake. Repairing this damage can be very expensive, if it is possible at all. Researchers have been developing a new family of self-centring systems that avoid structural damage. One such system is a controlled rocking steel frame, which is the subject of this thesis. In a controlled rocking steel frame, the columns of a frame are permitted to uplift from the foundation, and the response is controlled by using a combination of post-tensioning and energy dissipation. Although previous studies have confirmed the viability of this system, they have also shown that rocking does not fully limit the peak seismic forces because of higher mode effects. If a structure is designed to account for these effects, it may be uneconomical, but if it is not designed to account for them, it may be unsafe. The purpose of this thesis is to develop recommendations for the design of controlled rocking steel frames, particularly with regard to higher mode effects. A theoretical framework for understanding higher mode effects is developed, and large-scale shake table testing is used to study the behaviour of a controlled rocking steel frame. Two mechanisms are proposed to mitigate the increase in structural forces due to higher mode effects, and these mechanisms are validated by shake table testing. Numerical modelling of controlled rocking steel frames is shown to become more reliable when higher mode mitigation mechanisms are used to limit the seismic response. In the final chapters, the thesis proposes and validates a new methodology for the limit states design of controlled rocking steel frames.

Disposable technology has gained increasing acceptance in the biopharmaceutical industry over the last decade, and provides many advantages over conventional stainless steel equipment. Disposable rocking bioreactors (RBs) are widely employed for cultivation of recombinant mammalian and insect cell lines, although the perception of inadequate mass transfer has prevented their application to bioprocesses based on microbial platforms. In an effort to thoroughly evaluate the suitability of disposable RBs for cultivation of aerobic microorganisms, a comparative study of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) disposable RBs, and the conventional stirred tank reactor (STR) was performed. The comparison involved: 1) physical characterization of oxygen mass transfer efficiency and mixing intensity, 2) batch cultivation of Escherichia coli BL21 for comparison of growth characteristics, and 3) batch cultivation of recombinant E. coli BL21 expressing a clinical therapeutic, hCD83ext (the extracytoplasmic domain of human CD83). Oxygen mass transfer (evaluated as the mass transfer coefficient, kLa) was comparable between the 1D RB and STR (approximately 150 h-1) at low working volume (WV), declining linearly with increasing WV, while kLa was highest in the 2D RB for all tested WVs, providing the maximum kLa (394 h-1) at 3 L WV. Fast mixing (t95 of 8-20 s) was observed in all three systems for water and aqueous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solutions. Batch growth characteristics of E. coli BL21 were similar in each system, although acetate accumulation was significant in the 1D RB. Batch production of GST-hCD83ext (glutathione S-transferase-hCD83ext fusion protein) resulted in similar soluble protein yields and inclusion body formation between bioreactors. Although cell growth and protein expression were comparable between all bioreactors, the 1D RB is not considered a suitable cultivation system for E. coli under experimental conditions given the significant acetate accumulation observed and high supplemental oxygen requirement for low cell density cultures. On the other hand, considering its formidable mass transfer capacity and overall performance in batch cultivations, the CELL-tainer® is an attractive alternative to the STR for cultivation of recombinant E. coli expressing high value therapeutic proteins.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 1074126 bytes, checksum: 6ca252ea97eec0d23599cb6bd134a623 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The current urban reorganization of João Pessoa is characterized by the interruption in its housing development model, making possible, through the infrastructure and equipments installation, the going up of some spaces and the going down of others. This way, the development process is day-by-day making changes in the use of the land, giving support for the space specialization. The Research showed that the city expansion and reorganization directly interfered in the migration of bars and discos, taking the entertainment areas to the seashore, mainly, from the 80 s on. Etnografando those entertainment areas, we identified the many ways of living the city life through the social attitudes and the behaving of specific groups. We assume that understanding the limitation process of new bars and discos means to understand that regular relations between people and/or groups of people leave in the territory unique marks, which come from the resistance strategy to make it clear the citizen city right, that is, the permanent possession. In this context, It was also possible to see how the homosexuals as individuals themselves, having their own identity, formed their territories and territorialidades in a local scale. / A atual reestruturação urbana de João Pessoa está caracterizada pela descontinuidade no seu padrão de urbanização, viabilizando, a partir da instalação de infraestrutura e equipamentos, a valorização de alguns espaços e a desvalorização de outros. Nesse sentido, o processo de expansão vai gerando mudanças no uso do solo, contribuindo para a especialização dos espaços. A pesquisa demonstrou que a expansão e reestruturação urbana da cidade interferiram de forma direta na migração de bares e boates, deslocando as áreas de agito para a orla marítima, sobretudo, a partir da década de 1980. Etnografando estas áreas de agito, identificamos as múltiplas formas de viver o urbano a partir das práticas sociais e do comportamento de determinados grupos. Assim, compreender o processo de territorialização de novos bares e boates significa entender que as relações cotidianas entre os indivíduos e/ou grupos imprime no território traços identitários, fruto das estratégias de resistências para evidenciar o direito à cidade, isto é, a efetiva apropriação . Desta forma, identificamos que os inúmeros territórios e territorialidades surgem no espaço, variando de acordo com a escala e com os atores responsáveis pelo controle dos mesmos. Nesse contexto, foi possível também verificar como os homossexuais, enquanto grupo, dotado de identidade própria, formaram seus territórios e territorialidades em escala local.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de cálcio nas respostas de brotações de E. grandis submetido à deficiência hídrica. A hipótese deste trabalho foi a de que o cálcio atua como amenizador dos efeitos causados pela deficiência hídrica. Isto é, aumentando a tolerância (estabilidade) das plantas, retardando as alterações de alguns parâmetros bioquímicos que contribuem para o ajuste osmótico, evitando assim, perdas energéticas excessivas nas sínteses de osmólitos como: açúcares solúveis, aminoácidos solúveis entre outros. Brotações de E. grandis foram cultivadas em meio JADS líquido, suplementadas com 15% de PEG 6000 e diferentes concentrações de cálcio: 5,0 (controle); 7,5; 10,0; 12,5 e 15,0 mmol.L -1 . Foram realizadas 4 repetições por tratamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados. As respostas das plantas foram avaliadas de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros: taxa de crescimento relativo, conteúdo de aminoácidos solúveis totais; açúcares solúveis totais; prolina; proteínas totais; teores de clorofila a, b e total; anatomia foliar e potencial hídrico foliar (yf) As condições de de cultivo foram: PAR 50 ± 2 mmol. m -2 s -1 , 25 ± 2° C, e fotoperíodo de 16 horas. As análises foram realizadas aos 7 e 21 dias de cultivo. Então, todo o material vegetal restante foi repicado e transferido para meio JADS básico por 21 dias para a avaliação da recuperação das plantas. O tratamento com PEG, sem cálcio suplementar induziu respostas significativas (Tukey, p< 0,05) em todos os parâmetros bioquímicos em relação ao controle (JADS básico). As análises de componentes principais demonstraram que a dose de cálcio suplementar que mais contribuiu para a homeostase das plantas sob deficiência hídrica foi 7,5 mmol.L -1 de cálcio na forma de CaCl2. / The aim of this work was to verify the effects of diferent calcium concentrations in the response of E. grandis shoots to the water deficit. The hypotesis of this work was the calcium acts as a buffer to the effects induced by the water deficit. Thus, increasing the tolerance (estability) of the plants, slowing the changes in some biochemical parameters that contribute to the osmotic adjustment and avoiding excessive energetic losses in the synthesis of osmolites like: soluble sugar, soluble aminoacids amg others. Shoots of E. grandis were cultivated in liquid JADS medium supplemented with 15% of PEG 600 and different concentration of calcium: 5,0 (control) 7,5; 10,0; 12,5 e 15,0 mmol.L-1. Four replicates were made for treatment in a totally randomized blocks design. The plant responses were evalueted according to the folling variables: relative growth rate, total soluble aminoacid content; total soluble sugars; proline content, total sugars; proline content, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll a and b contents, leaf anatomy and leaf water potencial (yf). The growth conditions were: PAR 50 ± 2 mmol. m -2 s -1 , 25 ± 2° C ad 16 hour photoperiod. The analysis were made at the seventh and the 21 rts days of culture. Then, all the remainng shoots were transplanted in vitro JADS basic medium for shoots recovery after 21 days of culture. The tratment with PEG 6000 without calcium addition induced signifitive responses (Tukey, p<0,05) for all biochemical variables in the relation to the control (basic JADS medium). The PCA showed that the supplementar calcium concentration that contributed the most to the shoot homeostais under water deficit was that of 7.5 mmol.L-1 in the form of CaCl2.

Dans le cadre des études relatives à la sûreté sismique des installations industrielles, on est amené à se préoccuper de la stabilité de structures libres (des équipements, des containers, des fûts. . . ) posées à même le sol. De nombreuses méthodes ont permis d’établir des critères de sûreté réputés conservatifs, sans qu’il soit besoin de représenter finement le comportement dynamique de l’objet. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, on a cherché à analyser la capacité de prédiction par des modèles numériques du mouvement de corps rigides libres soumis à des séismes impliquant impacts et glissements. Pour cela, on s’est appuyé sur deux campagnes expérimentales qui ont été menées au laboratoire EMSI du CEA/Saclay sur des blocs parallélépipédiques en acier, élancés et disposant de 4 appuis non ponctuels usinés avec des tolérances standards. Dans un premier temps, des essais de lâcher (bloc immobile en appuis sur deux pieds, puis lâché sans source d’excitation extérieure), souvent analysés dans la littérature comme un mouvement plan, ont fait apparaître un mouvement 3D reproductible dans les premiers instants consécutifs au lâcher. L’analyse fine de ce mouvement a permis, d’une part, de conclure qu’il était dû à des défauts de géométrie des pieds et, d’autre part, d’élaborer un modèle numérique représentatif incluant ces défauts. Dans un second temps, il a été question d’étudier l’aptitude du modèle numérique à représenter le comportement dynamique au cours du temps d’un bloc rigide élancé non idéal soumis à des excitations sismiques. Les blocs ont été soumis à 100 réalisations d’un processus stationnaire (essais de variabilité) puis 100 fois à la même accélération (essais de répétabilité). D’un point de vue statistique, et malgré les incertitudes expérimentales, ce travail a permis d’exhiber une bonne adéquation entre les résultats des modèles numériques et les résultats expérimentaux. En outre, il a permis de quantifier la durée au-delà de laquelle une prédiction du comportement ne peut plus être considérée comme pertinente. Pour finir, on s’est attaché à appliquer des outils classiques de fiabilité au problème de bloc rigide soumis à des séismes, ainsi que la méthode récente des Subset Simulations. / In the field of nuclear safety, the stability of free standing structures like containers, barrels or electronical devices is considered to be an important matter. Until now, the literature written on the subject presents some stability criteria known to be conservative without needing to represent in detail the object behavior. This thesis attempts to analyse the capacity numerical models have to predict the behavior of blocks submitted to seismic acceleration, with impacts and friction. To this effect, two experimental campaigns were carried out in the EMSI laboratory (CEA Saclay, France) on slender massive prismatic steel blocks, with 4 machined (i.e. non-ideal) feet. First of all, release tests (the block is in an unsteady position on 2 feet, kept still with a wire, then the wire is cut and the block is released without any ground motion) are usually analysed as a plane motion. Our experiments have shown a reproducible out-of-plane (3D) motion during the first seconds of the release. A detailed analysis highlighted the fact that this 3D motion is induced by geometrical defects on the block feet, and allowed us to build an accurate numerical model of this behavior. The ability of this numerical model to match the dynamic behavior of a non-ideal rigid slender block has been questioned. In a second campaign, 4 blocks were subjected on the one hand to 100 realisations of a stationnary process, and on the other hand 100 times to the same excitation. This accounts for an analysis of the variability of two 100-samples of results obtained under two different input variability levels. From a statistical point of view, despite experimental uncertainties this article demonstrates a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. Finally, some classical tools of reliabily were applied to the rocking block problem, as well as a newer method called Subset Simulation.

Estetiker inom design är ofta subjektiva, då vad som definierar interaktionens kvaliteter skiljer sig åt mellan dem. Vissa estetiker kan dock visas distinkt genom kroppsspråk, vilket påståendevis skulle vara en mer konkret metod för att förmedla upplevelser och intryck. Detta arbete utforskar trivsamt passivt gungande, ur perspektivet av en dansare och massör, genom first-person research. Den dokumenterar sedan designprocessen av en artefakt som har förmågan att kunna återskapa denna sensation. Gungande valdes på grund av personliga erfarenheter och intresse för hur det kan visas genom att endast använda kroppen, till skillnad från många andra estetiker. Genom att använda metoder inom Soma Design kombinerat med first-person research började denna process med brainstormingaktiviteter kring gungande och fortsatte sedan med att genom Feldenkrais-inspirerade aktiviteter främmandegöra konceptet. Med den nyvunna förståelsen av gungning skapades en formförändrande nackkudde kallad "The Neck Hammock" för att framkalla en gungande sensation hos en dansare eller en massör. Kvantitativt utforskande av rörelserna som skapades av "The Neck Hammock" placerade gungande längs et spektrum av olika upplevelser och visade även att den djupt själviaktagande upplevelsen kan resultera i starka minnesbilder och associationer av tidigare upplevelser. Dessa associationergjorde det enkelt at kategorisera en session med "The Neck Hammock", då framgångsrika sessioner väckte minnen från erfarenheter av gungstolar, hängmattor mm. Detta tyder på att individuella responser på "The Neck Hammock" kommer att vara unika och baserade på varje användares tidigare erfarenheter av gungande, trots att allmänna egenskaper som t.ex. behagligheten i det hela lär finnas kvar. Trots att många sessioner förmedlade en sensation av gungande var det fåsom passade perfekt in i det sökta ,trivsamma, passiva gungandet. De sessioner som var framgångsrika och framkallade tydliga minnesbilder hade en betydande känslomässig påverkan och orsakade stundom långvariga känslor i hela kroppen. / Aesthetics in design are often subjective because definitions of the qualities of interaction differ. Some aesthetics, however, can be distinctly shown with body movement, perhaps offering a more concrete method to communicate experience. This thesis explores a first-person understanding, as a dancer and masseuse, of pleasant passive rocking. It then documents the design process of an artefact capable of conveying the same experience. Rocking was chosen due to personal history and interest in how it can be shown explicitly using the body, unlike many other aesthetics. Using first-person Soma Design methods, this process began with brainstorming attributes of rocking and later utilized defamiliarization through Feldenkrais-inspired activities. With the newfound understanding of rocking, a shape-changing neck pillow named the Neck Hammock was created to evoke a dancer’s and masseuse’s rocking. Quantitative exploration of the Neck Hammock movement placed rocking along a spectrum of experience, and also revealed that the deeply introspective experience can result in vivid mental visualizations of past lived experiences. These visualizations made categorizing a session with the Neck Hammock simple, as successful trials evoked memories of hammocks, rocking chairs, etc. This suggests that individual responses to the Neck Hammock will be unique based upon the user’s past associations with rocking, though general qualities like pleasantness ought to remain. While many trials conveyed rocking, few aligned perfectly with the targeted pleasant passive rocking. The trials that were successful and caused a mental visualization had significant emotional impact and sometimes caused long-lasting full body experiences.