No description available.

No description available.

This thesis is about the role played by story telling in a Metropolitan Police Probationer Classroom in South London in the early 1990s. The method used is one of discourse analysis of the type advocated by Potter and Wetherall, 1987):The form and function of themes, role-plays, case studies, anecdotes and hypothetical accounts are considered in this setting. The central argument here is that all these types of story are used to introduce an element of work place practice into the classroom context. This serves to motivate the students to learn by emphasising the relevance of the lesson material. Such motivation gives rise to student involvement in the classroom activity. In this way, the pedagogical goals of experiential learning and student involvement are achieved and a broader cultural value favouring practice over theory is realised. As with all stories, themes, role-plays, case studies and hypothetical accounts are subject to the constraint of verisimilitude. This thesis suggests that the way in which verisimilitude is defined and applied in any given setting is highly context dependent. In this setting, verisimilitude focuses on the cognitive and task oriented elements of experiences that the students are thought to be likely to encounter in their work place. Stories that deviate from this focus might result in the students becoming bored or distracted; this may result in a situation in which the objectives of the curriculum are not met. For these reasons, trainers endeavour to control the use of stories by influencing every aspect of their telling. The rigour with which this definition of verisimilitude is applied in this setting varies according to the type of the story to be told and the lesson material in which it is to be used. Judgements of verisimilitude are more rigorous when stories that are likely to exert high attentional or emotional demands on the students are used.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-136).

Le paludisme est une vieille endémie tropicale bien connue, dont les moyens de prévention, de lutte, voire d’éradication sont aujourd’hui bien vulgarisés. Au Cameroun pourtant, il continue de sévir, faisant chaque année plus de victimes et de morts que toutes les autres maladies. Au vu des efforts consentis pour la contenir, nous avons choisi d’interroger les échanges discursifs entre les acteurs de la communication sociale sur le paludisme pour expliquer la persistance d’une situation aussi paradoxale. Cette maladie est, en effet, au cœur de nombreux échanges, faisant intervenir des représentations scientifiques et des représentations sociales séculaires des populations. En fonction des acteurs, l’on distingue ainsi : des discours internationaux et des discours nationaux sur cette maladie. Les seconds sont constitués principalement de discours médicaux (produits par les experts tant de la médecine conventionnelle que ceux de la médecine traditionnelle), de discours économiques et politiques. L’examen de la construction de ces discours montre que les discours nationaux sont l’adaptation des grandes orientations adoptées au niveau mondial pour la lutte contre l’endémie. Ces discours répondent, par ailleurs, aux exigences économiques, de santé publique, de mobilisation des fonds et de mobilisation sociale liés à la lutte contre le paludisme.L’analyse de ces discours a permis de déceler plusieurs entraves à la prévention du paludisme : le jeu des protagonistes de la lutte et la promotion de méthodes de prévention impuissantes à juguler durablement le fléau paludique dans le pays. Dans cette lutte en effet, des acteurs, y compris ceux entretenant des représentations sociales néfastes sur le paludisme limitent l’accès des principales cibles de la maladie (femmes enceintes et enfants de moins de 5 ans) aux moustiquaires imprégnées d’insecticides. D’autres mettent en avant leurs profits personnels. Enfin, les discours montrent que les méthodes courantes de prévention de la maladie sont celles de protection contre les piqûres de moustiques et non celles de frein à leur prolifération. Elles se confinent au domaine de la santé au lieu de faire de la lutte un problème holistique de développement qui met une emphase sur les mesures d’assainissement pour contrôler la prolifération des moustiques. / Malaria is an old endemic disease which means of prevention, treatment, not to name eradication, is well known and vulgarized. However, this disease is each year the main cause of sickness and death in Cameroon, in spite of tremendous endeavors to fight it. The present research has chosen to scrutinize social communication actors’ speeches on the disease to try and shed light into this paradoxical situation. Malaria inspires a number of discourses exchanges involving scientific representations and aged social representations of populations on the disease. Based on actors’ functions, one can distinguish between international and national discourses on the disease. National discourses mainly include medical speeches (produced and used by modern and traditional medical experts), economical and political speeches. The study of the construction of those speeches shows that at the national level, the speeches on malaria are adapted from global orientations on malaria control adopted at international level. In the other hand, those speeches respond to the economical and public health requirements, as well as to resources and social mobilization needed for malaria control.Discourses analysis on malaria in Cameroun has shown that the prevention of this endemic disease is render ineffective by many reasons, namely: a kind of game played by some key actors of the fight against malaria and the promotion of prevention methods that stand little chance to sustainably get raid of the malaria scourge in the country. Some actors, including persons attached to misleading social representations on malaria, prevent the main malaria targets (pregnant women and under five children) from access to impregnated mosquito nets. By involving themselves in the fight against malaria, some other actors put forward their own interest. Lastly, some speeches clearly show that prevention methods, promoted in the country, aim at protecting populations from mosquito bides while neglecting mosquito proliferation. The tendency is to consider malaria control as an exclusive health problem instead of treating it as a holistic developmental problem, widely calling upon sanitation measures to continuously cut down in mosquito population.

Tese de mestrado. Tecnologia Multimédia, perfil Engenharia. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto.Instituto Politécnico do Porto. 2008

Finding the correct therapeutic intervention for a client can be difficult to determine, especially for certain populations like adolescents. The implementation of Table Top Role Playing Games (TRPGs) in therapy is slowly becoming a more widely utilized therapy intervention because of its ability to engage clients who may be apprehensive to engaging in therapy. Having a wide array of interventions in our therapeutic toolbelt is crucial for mental health social workers to flexibly implement interventions, like TRPGs, with clients. Unfortunately, there is little research determining whether this approach is beneficial to therapy or not. This exploratory research study sought to determine the effectiveness of this intervention using qualitative one-on-one interviews with mental health practitioners currently implementing this intervention with their clients. This study revealed certain themes such as: being able to apply TRPGs to clients of any age group, utilization of a client-tailored narrative through TRPGs, applicability of this intervention in a group setting, TRPGs as a form of safe exposure therapy. Certain risks regarding implementation of this intervention were also identified. The data gathered through this study show that TRPGs could prove to be extremely beneficial to therapeutic practices. Further studies into this intervention should be conducted to truly grasp the extent of this interventions benefits or to identify any unidentified drawbacks.

No description available.

Pedagoger besitter många erfarenheter och kunskaper om barns olika lekformer. Det vi intresserat oss för är vilka tankar och erfarenheter pedagoger har på barns rollek. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att få en inblick i hur barn samspelar och kommunicerar med varandra och med vuxna i rollek. Vi vill även se om pedagoger engagerar sig, deltar och om rolleken används som ett pedagogiskt verktyg i verksamheten. Vidare har vi intresserat oss för kommunikationen i rolleken mellan barn och mellan barn och pedagoger. Våra resultat tyder på att i rollek ligger det en värdefull pedagogisk potential för utveckling av barns kommunikationsfärdigheter. Vi har gjort observationer av rollek i två olika barngrupper och intervjuer med pedagoger. Utifrån vår frågeställning visar resultatet bl.a. att•Rolleken kan vara både en styrd lek och en fri lek. I den styrda leken har pedagogerna en möjlighet att fånga upp och få alla barnen engagerade och känna sig delaktiga i rolleken. I den fria leken går barnen in i olika roller, i dessa roller lever barnen ut sina tankar och känslor och bearbetar saker de varit med om. •Genom både den styrda och den fria leken lär sig barnen att kommunicera och samspela med varandra.•Pedagogerna engagerar sig gärna i barnens fria lek och deltar då på barnens villkor. Pedagogerna styr inte barnens rollekar, men de finns alltid i närheten. •Rollekar kan vara ett positivt hjälpmedel för barn med språksvårigheter att komma igång med sin språkinlärning och med sin interaktion med andra barn. Nyckelord: Pedagoger, förhållningssätt, rollek, kommunikation

The effect of a treatment package consisting of social stories and role play on the verbal initiation of one 4-year old girl with autism was examined. Using a multiple baseline across activities treatment design, the investigator measured the number of verbal initiations during 10-minute sessions while the participant engaged in one of three activities, board games, pretend play, or constructive play. Baseline data, baseline probes and treatment data were collect for the three activities. The results indicate that the treatment package was effective in increasing the participant’s verbal initiations across all three activities.