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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / After the 1989 fall of Communism in Romania, the world became aware of the plight of the country's thousands of institutionalized children, and an international adoption system saw the adoption of many of these children to other countries. Thousands of children, however, remained in institutions as the newly Democratic Romania struggled with the legacy of its Communist era. During the process of applying to join the European Union, Romania in 2000 initiated the eventual banning of international adoption. Using a qualitative approach that relies on interviews, document review, and observation, this study finds both positive and negative interpretations of the ban, with subjects pointing to Romania's desire to join the EU as a supposed major factor in its decision to ban international adoption. The implications of the ban include the emergence of a foster care system and domestic adoption, efforts to reunify families and to prevent the abandonment, relinquishment, and removal of children from their biological families, and the development of alternative forms of care in tandem with a new deinstitutionalization initiative. / 2031-01-02

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Alliances continue to remain fundamental at the core of international politics. How states make their alliance choices is important for international order and security. The end of the Cold War brought ethnic conflicts and political instabilities in the Balkan region. Based on its size and geographical configuration, Romania again confronted its history in the alliance dilemma of whether to "balance" against threatening states or to "bandwagon" with the states that posed the greatest threats in order to appease their power. Stephen M. Walt (1987) predicted that in a case like that of Romania, the statesmen would most likely choose to bandwagon because of two motives: (i) for "defensive" purposes in order to maintain its independence in the face of a potential threat and (ii) for "offensive" reasons in order to acquire territory. After reviewing Romanian historical records on alliances since 1878, the evidence is compelling that the case of Romania conforms to Walt's (1987) theory only to the extent that "balancing is not universal." Thus, it depends on which perspective balancing or bandwagoning is considered from in forming alliances. Romania either formed alliances to balance threats, or allied with the threat. Territorial security was one of the most recurrent motives prevalent in Romanian historical records that prompted Romania to form alliances. As expected, Walt's (1987) last three factors did not provide a great explanation for Romanian alliances. Modest support was found for ideological solidarity,but little for economic ideology and transnational political penetration. / Master of Arts

Ghimes-Faget, Transylvania, Romania is a complex region where ethnic identity is not clear. The area has been going through a continuing process of change. In the past century, history has been an important aspect in the daily lives of the residing individuals. With the constant changes in history, this has impacted ethnic identity in the region. This region is posed to be “the Csango” region in Transylvania and continues to increase in tourism. However, when examined in detail of how people in Ghimes-Faget ethnically identify themselves, a number of factors influence their decision. This thesis will examine the factors and the elements that I have found to be essential when discussing ethnic identity in the Ghimes region. I will provide examples from field research that was conducted in Ghimes-Faget in the summer of 2008. / Theoretical discussion -- Historical perspective -- Fieldwork in Ghimes-Faget -- Ethnic identity in Ghimes-Faget -- Factors affecting Csango ethnicity. / Department of Anthropology

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This paper examines the issue of cultural assimilation in terms of Romanianization and Magyarization from the angle of a historical ethnography conducted in the Transylvanian village of Ghimeş-Făget, Bacău. These two concepts are readings of social change based on the assumption that the deep social transformations that Transylvania experienced during the changes of rule in the region between Hungary and Romania were parallel to the implementation of deliberate strategies of assimilation. More than simple reforms, these social changes are considered to have created shifts in the population's language, religion, sense of historical heritage and national identity. According to this perspective, Transylvania thus became Magyarized during Hungarian rule, and Romanianized after 1920. Focusing on the evolution of the educational system as a key factor in the execution of these policies, this paper attempts to demonstrate how these two processes can be related to each other and become, in a sense, complementary; it also develops an interpretation of the phenomenon of reassimilation through the concept of “national therapy.” / Introduction : Transylvania's multiculturalism -- Literature and theory -- Research methods -- Historical ethnography of Ghimeş-Făget -- Conclusions. / Department of Anthropology

Das Phänomen der Liberalisierung, welches charakteristisch für die politische Entwicklung der östlichen Länder Europas ist, spiegelt sich auch in der allgemeinen Entwicklung Rumäniens wider.

La présente étude tente d'aborder la question de la représentation du temps dans la langue et dans le discours, la signification et les emplois des temps verbaux et des adverbes temporels en français et en roumain contemporains , qui viennent se joindre aux verbes dans la réalisation de l'énoncé ou ils servent à situer l'action ou l'état dans un cadre temporel plus exact que ne le font les formes seules verbales. Investigués sur la base des relations vectorielles les temps verbaux et les adverbes de temps en français et en roumain contemporains relèvent les oppositions fondamentales ( antériorité / simultanéité/postériorité) sur trois axes: l'axe primaire, l'axe secondaire et la biaxialité. Tous les adverbes s'encadrent dans trois types : adverbes datants, adverbes de distanciation et adverbes de promptitudes. Parmi les trois systèmes adverbiaux, le sous-système des adverbes datants exerce la plus forte influence modificatrice sur la temporalité du verbe L'intéraction entre les deux systèmes (verbal et adverbial) montre que si au verbe la temporalité est un cadre de l'action,à l'adverbe est le contenu sémantique même. Les recherches nous ont amené à conclure à l'identité structurelle des deux systèmes temporels et adverbiaux généreux et à l'existence d'une sorte d'équilibre entre les divers sous-systèmes français et roumains, car par domaines restreints, les deux langues découpent de façon différente la réalité, témoignant alternativement d'un plus de raffinement et d'exactitude dans l'expression de la donnée temporelle. / The present study is treating about the question of time representation in the fields of languages and interactions as well as treating about the signification and the use of verbal tenses and furthermore the use of temporal adverbs either in French or in Modern Romanian. The latter comes to blend with the verbs while the utterance is being fixed up or realized, being used to assert the time of realization or either giving more information about the temporal frame in which the utterance does happen, doing so in better ways than the only use of verbal forms will do. Used in the main vectorial field, the tenses and the temporal adverbs used in French and in Modern Romanian show an elementary opposition about anteriority, posteriority and simultaneity on three main axles: the primary axle, the secondary axle and the biaxial one. All adverbs are included in these three types: adverbs used to fix up time, adverbs used as a way to give some distance or either the ones used to show the readiness in which the utterance is being realized. Amongst these three adverbial systems, the lower system of the dating adverbs is by far the most influent as it can modify the temporality of the verbal system. The interaction between the two systems (verbal and adverbial) shows that the notion of time is influent onto the main action frame of the verbal system as for the adverbial system it aims to the lexical field. Studies have leaded us to confirm about the structural identity of the two temporal and adverbial systems and to some confirmation about the existence of some kind of balance between the diverse lower linguistic French and Modern Romanian systems. In any restrictive fields, both languages tend to parse the reality in different ways, alternatively attesting and showing more refinement or more exactness in the statement of the temporal elements.