Orientador: Jose Oscar de Almeida Marques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_DanieladeFatima_M.pdf: 1264425 bytes, checksum: 0f30e925c410034d460d5fae6f29321d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Publicada em Paris no ano de 1753 durante a "Querela dos Bufões", a Carta sobre a Música Francesa de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, apesar de se referir à tradicional disputa construída em torno do paralelo entre a música francesa e a italiana, difere-se da maioria dos textos publicados na época referente ao assunto. A Carta de Rousseau traz um estudo estético original que atribui às características próprias da língua a função melódica da música, afirmando depender daí então a beleza da composição. Essa perspectiva estética assumida por Rousseau se apóia em sua teoria da unidade da melodia que instaura outra disputa musical, desta vez entre a preferência dada à melodia ou à harmonia em uma composição. Se a teoria exposta por Rousseau na Carta acaba por desqualificar a música e o gosto francês é, sobretudo, na figura de Jean-Philippe Rameau que recai a crítica do autor causando uma ruptura estética com a tradição da música francesa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é o de investigar conceitos e princípios usados por Rousseau na Carta ressaltando sua importância não apenas sob o aspecto histórico, mas principalmente pelo aspecto filosófico, já que o texto de Rousseau encontra reflexos em outras obras do autor. A título de apêndice apresentamos uma tradução da Carta sobre a Música Francesa, texto que se mostra indispensável para o conhecimento da teoria musical de Rousseau e dos valores estéticos que implica. / Abstract: Published in Paris in the 1753 during "Guerre des Bouffons", the Lettre sur Ia Musique Française by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, although to refere to tradictional dispute fonned around the paralIel between the french music and the italian music, disagree itself of the majority of the text published in the age referring to subject. The Lettre writed by Rousseau bring a original study esthetic that attribute at characteristics peculiar of the language the melody function of the music, affirming to depend this, then, the beauty of the composition. This esthetic perspective assumed by Rousseau to sustain itself in his theory of the unity melody that establishs another music controversy, this time between the preference gived to melody or to hannony in a composition. If the theory exposed by Rousseau in the Letttre to finish to desqualify the music and the french taste is, over alI, in the figure Jean-Philippe Rameau that falIs again the author's . critique causing a esthetic rupture with the tradition of the french music. The objective this research is the investigation the conceptions and principIes used by Rousseau in the Lettre standing out her importance not only under the history aspect but mainly by philosophic aspect, once the Rousseau's text finds out reflections in others works of the author. With the appendix we present a translation to portuguese for the Lettre sur Ia Musique Française, text that itself shows indispensable to knowledge of the Rousseau's music theory and the esthetic valors that involvement. / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador: José Oscar de Almeida Marques / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T05:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bezerra_GustavoCunha_D.pdf: 1717732 bytes, checksum: fbc87388c8d0ec85cd68213a555e0350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho discute a presença do olhar rousseauniano dirigido à natureza no contexto da Profissão de fé do Vigário saboiano e procura mostrar que, ao voltar-se para a natureza, Rousseau encontra na noção de ordem aí existente o fundamento de seu pensamento filosófico e religioso. Tal pensamento expressa, por sua vez, o desejo de interiorizar essa ordem que ele percebe existir no universo. A fim de explorar o referido processo de apreensão da ordem, o estudo aqui realizado versa sobre três aspectos relevantes desse processo, que são: os fundamentos filosóficos que sustentam a concepção de ordem da natureza, o olhar rousseauniano dirigido ao espetáculo da natureza, que se contrapõe ao desastre das relações humanas e, por fim, a repercussão da ideia de ordem da natureza no pensamento religioso de Rousseau / Abstract: The present work discusses the presence of Rousseau's regard turned to nature in the context of the Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar and seeks to show that by turning to nature, Rousseau finds in the notion of order the foundation of his philosophical and religious thought. Such thought express the desire to internalize this order that he perceives exist in the universe. To exploit such seizure of order, the study deals of three important aspects of this process, which are: the philosophical foundations that underpin the conception of the order of nature, the Rousseau's regard on the spectacle of nature, which opposed to the disaster of human relations, and finally, the impact of the idea of order of nature in the religious thought of Rousseau / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia

Orientador: Roberto Romano da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T03:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Espindola_Arleide_M.pdf: 8916028 bytes, checksum: b71fdaf2cf4723540346079b16f1b568 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador : João Carlos Kfouri Quartim de Morais / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T11:17:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sahd_LuizFelipeNettodeAndradeeSilva_M.pdf: 36141152 bytes, checksum: c1bd255a10d2eee0fa0dea787c4b38bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

My dissertation examines the relationship between collecting knowledge and writing the world, taking two central figures of the Enlightenment as its starting point, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) and Denis Diderot (1713-84). Employing the disciplinary frameworks and methods of early modern history of science and literary studies, I analyze practices of knowledge collection in their two respective “Enlightenment projects,” arguing for the centrality of knowledge and scientific practices in the constitution of the category of literature, especially realist prose writing. I show this, firstly, by examining Rousseau’s large extant collections of pressed plants, the product of his passion for botany in his final years, which he inserted into a late practice of writing and philosophizing the self as promeneur solitaire. Secondly, I demonstrate that the Encyclopédie (1751-72), Diderot’s massive compendium of all knowledge of the arts, sciences, and crafts, was developing an intermediate register of style and representation of knowledge. I focus on the middling status of chemistry and engraving, and discuss the image of the homme de lettres crossing the thresholds of artisans’ workshops to argue that the Encyclopédie generates a mode of representation of the variety of socio-economic life that is an origin point for nineteenth-century realism. These two models, the promeneur solitaire and the homme de lettres, re-emerge in the second half of my project in two later case studies of practices of knowledge collection and writing the world, Émile Zola’s novel series chronicling Second Empire France, the Rougon-Macquart (1871-93) and W.G. Sebald’s (1944-2001) literary-historiographical writings. These examples serve to make a broader argument about how knowledge collection has continued to be central to the category of literature. The jump forward in time necessitated by such a claim is accomplished via a “grammar of juxtaposition” across time and place, outlined in my introduction, which takes as its basis Sebald’s literary practice of bringing together fragments and moments of the past. I show how the extensive notes or dossiers préparatoires that are the extant evidence of Zola’s practice of collecting knowledge via “scientific,” on-the-ground research, conducted on battlefields, in department stores, mines, and food markets were a weapon in his campaign for getting a new kind of socially engaged novel accepted by the literary institution. My final chapter turns back to Sebald to argue that his texts, which juxtapose instances of knowledge collection assembled by a walking historian of nature and human civilization, are a framework for a history of knowledge collection within a broad concept of the Enlightenment.

My dissertation seeks to restore the sentiment of pity to Rousseau’s moral and political system. Rousseau scholarship tends to offer a proto-Kantian interpretation of Rousseau’s concepts of moral liberty and the general will. I argue that these readings neglect Rousseau’s own definition of virtue as the product of an individual’s pity moderating rational self-interest (amour de soi). I offer an account of Rousseau’s moral liberty dependent on this concept of virtue that incorporates the sentiments. I then argue that pity must perform a similar role in the general will because it is through the general will that people express their moral agency. To do so, I explore how Rousseau’s account of pity as a social sentiment is more expansive and active than standard interpretations allow, and thus it is better described as expanded pity or sympathy. Understanding pity’s role in the general will also affects Rousseau’s accounts of equality and individuality. Because virtue demands that pity moderate impulses to excess, the general will that arises from a virtuous citizenry will tend toward distributive equality. A state then best achieves equality by cultivating virtue through private institutions like education and public institutions like civil religion. Finally, I argue that Rousseau’s account of pity alleviates the perceived conflict, first posed by Judith Shklar, between the individual life of man and the homogenized life of citizen. In its expanded form, pity motivates individuals to care about others’ pursuits of their own personal interests while also maintaining a separation between self and other. Exploration into Rousseau’s pity thus has important implications for the kind of political emotions we should look to revitalize in modern democratic society.

This dissertation explores the history of social-constructionist theories of sexual difference through the surprising connection between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the lesbian-feminist writer and theorist Monique Wittig. Wittig developed a social contract theory that radically denaturalized sexual difference, an approach she credited to Rousseau. I offer an interpretation of her appropriation of Rousseau that frames it within the French women’s liberation movement. Then, re-reading him through her lens, I argue that Rousseau too viewed sexual difference as a social construction. Chapter 1 argues that Wittig’s concept of “the lesbian” is modeled after Rousseau’s “natural man.” Wittig used this notion in the “lesbian question” quarrel in the women’s movement to depict human freedom after the abolition of sexual difference. In chapter 2, I show how Wittig interprets the social contract as a political and epistemological concept that encodes the presuppositions, like heterosexuality or race, which shape the social order and knowledge production. Through this concept, she engages in a debate with the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss over Rousseau’s legacy. Chapter 3 demonstrates that Rousseau retooled the naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon’s methodology and data in order to denaturalize sexual difference. From there, he posited that sex originates in the transition from proper nouns to common nouns, and is therefore a linguistic construction. This construction allows humans to understand virtue, because without it, humans are unable to access their moral sense. In chapter 4, I argue that his novel Julie represents his most sustained effort to harness material science to favor the development of moral sense. The novel synthesizes spiritual exercises’ emphasis on linguistic representations with materialist ideas about language’s influence on the body. It calls on readers to use spiritual exercises to shape their sexual identities in order to conform with rigidly defined gender roles. In the conclusion, I bring Wittig and Rousseau together within a loosely existentialist framework. I argue that by severing the chain of necessity between biology and sex, they posit a meaninglessness underlying our sexual identities; they react differently to this abyss, but it is in their realization of it that their work has a striking relevance today.

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