published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:13:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Marques Barreto.pdf: 10437194 bytes, checksum: cb31a418e67761aa03f13ac47ed5ec7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / This research analyzes the specifics of the process of the socio- Guaragi geographic district. We tried to understand the interaction between rural- This urban village in the district, considering the relationships that residents Village set in space where they live, the relationships they have with the district headquarters and the external world in a dialectical movement. Addresses the interaction of these two spaces and the result being that this relationship provides The justification of this research is constituted by the lack of studies facing the complexity of relationships that these sites have with their municipalities, they are organized politically and how to characterize the relations social, commercial and cultural offices in these urban and rural as well as the relationships of people who live in districts with the municipal headquarters and feeling of belonging to the place they inhabit. It was discussed concepts culture, place, rural-urban relationship, to understand the dynamics in which the village of the district is located. / Esta pesquisa analisa as especificidades do processo de formação histórico-geográfico do distrito de Guaragi. Buscou-se compreender a interação rural-urbano presente na vila do distrito, considerando as relações que os moradores da vila estabelecem no espaço em que vivem, as relações que possuem com o distrito sede e o mundo externo, em um movimento dialético. Aborda-se a interação desses dois espaços e o resultado que essa relação proporciona sendo que a justificativa dessa investigação constitui-se pela falta de estudos voltados à complexidade das relações que esses locais têm com os respectivos municípios, como se organizam politicamente e como se caracterizam as relações sociais, comerciais e culturais nessas sedes rurais urbanizadas, bem como as relações das pessoas que habitam nos distritos com a sede municipal e o sentimento de pertencimento ao lugar que habitam. Discutiu-se conceitos de cultura, lugar, relação rural-urbano, para compreender a dinâmica na qual a vila do distrito está inserida.

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a interface rural-urbana, buscando definir um conceito que contemple as múltiplas faces e coexistências de rural e de urbano no território contemporâneo, a partir de diferentes perspectivas de agentes que atuam nesse território e nos processos de planejamento territorial. Como estudo de caso, foi escolhido um dos assentamentos da reforma agrária, denominado Assentamento Marapicu, no município de Nova Iguaçu, situado hoje na borda rural-urbana da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ). Esse Assentamento foi responsável por reverter a situação de retirada da área rural do plano diretor municipal. Os procedimentos metodológicos priorizaram abordagens interdisciplinar, sócio-espacial e interescalar, voltadas à reflexão teórica sobre a relação ruralurbana no território e aos desafios do planejamento territorial frente aos novos atores sociais do campo, sob o ponto de vista da área do Planejamento Urbano e Regional. A pesquisa de campo descreveu o território em diferentes escalas, destacando os padrões de ocupação e de planejamento territorial e aplicou entrevistas realizadas com agentes-chave (comunidade de assentados e os gestores públicos que trabalham com o planejamento territorial das escalas municipal e metropolitana). A partir de alguns elementos territoriais apontados nas entrevistas, foram criadas categorias de análise da interface rural-urbana e construídos cenários possíveis para a área do Assentamento, de caráter rural, urbano e rural-urbano. Os resultados apontaram a interface rural-urbana como um conceito possível para análise e aplicação no planejamento territorial no Brasil, possibilitando um exercício metodológico que contrapõe a ideia hegemônica de priorizar as questões urbanas como positivas e inevitáveis no território. / This work aims to analyze the rural-urban interface, seeking to define a concept that contemplates the multiple faces and coexistences of rural and urban in the contemporary territory, from different perspectives of agents that work in this territory and in the processes of territorial planning. As a case study, was chosen one of the rural settlements of the agrarian reform in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, located today at the rural-urban border of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ). The “Marapicu Settlement” was responsible for reversing the situation of withdrawal from the rural area of the municipal master plan. The methodological procedures prioritized interdisciplinary, socio-spatial and interscalar approaches, focused on the theoretical reflection on the rural-urban relationship in the territory and on the challenges of territorial planning facing the new social actors of the rural area, from the point of view of the Urban and Regional Planning area. The field research described the territory at different scales, highlighting the patterns of occupation and territorial planning and applied interviews with key agents (community of settlers and the public managers who work with the territorial planning of the municipal and metropolitan scales). From some territorial elements pointed out in the interviews, categories of analysis of the rural-urban interface were created and possible scenarios for the settlement area, of rural, urban and rural-urban character were constructed. The results pointed to the rural-urban interface as a possible concept for analysis and application in territorial planning in Brazil, making possible a methodological exercise that contrasts the hegemonic idea of prioritizing urban issues as positive and inevitable in the territory.

This dissertation presents research on three topics relating to how education is linked to economic development in China. The data are obtained from the 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2013 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). The first essay examines the consequences of the Cultural Revolution. Using the 2003 and 2006 CGSS, the research is able to identify participants in a specific initiative, the “up to the mountains and down to the villages” movement (referred to as the Sentdown Campaign) and the length of time that they were involved in the initiative. The econometric results--including OLS, Heckit and 2SLS methods--provide evidence of substantial negative and long-lasting effects of the Cultural Revolution on education, labor force participation and personal income. Those who were involved in the Sentdown Campaign were found to be able to recoup some of these losses through the accumulation of education after they came back from rural areas, but these were generally not enough to compensate for the overall disruptions the Cultural Revolution caused on them. Furthermore, those who were sent down and stayed for more than five years in the countryside were not able to recuperate any lost years of schooling and, instead, suffered bigger losses in income than any of the other groups discussed in this essay. The second essay examines the attitudes of urban Chinese citizens towards migrants, as obtained using survey data from the 2005 CGSS. Estimating probit equations of the likelihood that the respondents in the sample had positive attitudes towards migrants, the research shows the connections between a range of explanatory variables and these attitudes. Educational attainment is not found to reduce negative attitudes towards migrants, a result that is different from the literature on the determinants of attitudes towards immigrants in recipient countries. The research also finds that as migrant presence grows in workplaces and neighborhoods, urban residents actually become more positive in their attitudes towards migrants. Gender is also found to have a significant impact on attitudes towards migrants. Men tend to have much more positive attitudes towards migrants, perhaps because social conventions frown against urban women having friendships with migrant men, or because the marriage market in urban China favors urban men marrying rural women. The third essay examines the role played by human capital in accounting for income growth in China between 2003 and 2013. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of the growth in individual hourly income shows that the overall role played by human capital on income growth in China during this decade is significant for men but not for women. For men, human capital accounts for 0.1796 in log-income change between 2003 and 2013, which given the total log-income change in this time period for men was 0.9160, represents close to 20 percent of the growth in income in the country. For women, the impact is small and actually negative, equal to -0.0433 out of the 0.8435 increase in log-income during the decade, a result that is mostly the outcome of declining rates of return to education among females.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-24T12:44:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Xavier, Glauber Lopes.pdf: 5296292 bytes, checksum: 10cae254cb3c1812ac36c3e8b879ce4e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-24T15:37:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Xavier, Glauber Lopes.pdf: 5296292 bytes, checksum: 10cae254cb3c1812ac36c3e8b879ce4e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-24T15:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Xavier, Glauber Lopes.pdf: 5296292 bytes, checksum: 10cae254cb3c1812ac36c3e8b879ce4e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In recent years, the conditions of reproduction of labor power and social relations of rural proletarians have undergone substantial transformations, whose cause it is the urban phenomenon that is wrapped in the everyday life of these workers. Ongoing changes have engendered, in turn, a modus vivendi that hitherto had not unprecedented in Brazil, which confirms the emergence of a new category of rural workers, rural workers urbanized. To understand it, however, it is urgent to consider this modus vivendi based on the concept of social space, initiated by the dialectic between instances physical, social and mental arvoradas the city in high modernity. Regarding the social space, the study of rural workers urbanized unveils a reproduction of social relations distinct from that configured the daily life of rural workers of years before this new century. Demarcate this change new ways of acting, feeling and thinking these guys, emerging, so a new relationship between man and space, man-object, as well as among men themselves, develop into new representations and their corollaries. It considers that these changes constitute the high modernity, sometimes called late modernity or post-modernity, which deals with the cultural logic of an advanced stage of development of the productive forces. In this sense, the present study seeks to apprehend the conditions of reproduction of social relations of temporary workers Goianesia, Goiás, from the cultural aspects that allow coining the concept of rural workers urbanized. Indeed, it is understood that cultural issues emerge from the material order of life, so that underpins this study is also in the apprehension of the conditions of reproduction of labor power, which are brought by poor relations and even by labor relations similar to slavery, developments of new terrirorialidades that has been established from new dynamic urban-rural and rural-urban in high modernity. Thus, the thesis in question flies in the filing of a concept to the time it takes out an interpretative effort of the contemporary rural or so called new country, formed by a dynamic space-time which promotes substantial changes in the daily lives of workers. Therefore, the research methodologically sustained on the historical and dialectical materialism, considering that the fabric of reality is established from class conflict and that this real it is a synthesis of multiple determinations. The research was guided also by the procedure methodological regressive-progressive, postulated by Henri Lefebvre, which allows the seizure of the real from the junction between sociology and history, allowing addition of these fields of knowledge, the encounter between geography, anthropology, philosophy, among others. / Nos últimos anos, as condições de reprodução da força de trabalho e das relações sociais dos proletários do campo têm passado por transformações substanciais, cuja causa se trata do fenômeno urbano que está envolto na vida cotidiana destes trabalhadores. As mudanças em curso têm engendrado, por seu turno, um modus vivendi de que até então não se tinha precedentes no Brasil, permitindo afirmar o aparecimento de uma nova categoria de trabalhadores rurais, os assalariados rurais urbanizados. Para se compreendê-la, no entanto, urge considerar este modus vivendi com base no conceito de espaço social, instaurado pela dialética entre as instâncias física, social e mental arvoradas pelo urbano na alta modernidade. No tocante ao espaço social, o estudo dos assalariados rurais urbanizados desvela uma reprodução das relações sociais distinta da que configurava o cotidiano dos trabalhadores rurais dos anos que antecederam este novo século. Demarcam esta mudança novas formas de agir, sentir e pensar destes sujeitos, emergindo, portanto, uma nova relação homem-espaço, homem-objeto, assim como entre os próprios homens, desdobrando em novas representações e seus corolários. Importa considerar que estas mudanças configuram a alta modernidade, por vezes denominada de modernidade tardia ou mesmo pósmodernidade, a qual se trata da lógica cultural de um avançado estágio de desenvolvimento das forças produtivas. Neste sentido, o estudo em questão busca apreender as condições de reprodução das relações sociais dos trabalhadores temporários de Goianésia, Goiás, a partir dos aspectos culturais que permitem cunhar o conceito de assalariados rurais urbanizados. Com efeito, entende-se que as questões culturais emergem da ordem material da vida, de sorte que este estudo alicerça-se, ainda, na apreensão das condições de reprodução da força de trabalho, as quais são instauradas por relações precárias e até mesmo por relações de trabalho análogas à escravidão, desdobramentos de novas terrirorialidades que tem se estabelecido a partir de novas dinâmicas cidade-campo e rural-urbano na alta modernidade. Destarte, a tese em questão arvora-se na propositura de um conceito ao tempo que leva a cabo um esforço interpretativo do rural na contemporaneidade ou o chamado novo rural, conformado por uma dinâmica espaço-tempo que promove mudanças substanciais no cotidiano dos trabalhadores. Para tanto, metodologicamente a pesquisa sustentou-se no materialismo histórico-dialético, considerando que a tessitura do real se estabelece a partir do conflito de classes e que este real trata-se de uma síntese de múltiplas determinações. A pesquisa norteou-se, ainda, com base no procedimento metodológico regressivo-progressivo, postulado por Henri Lefebvre, o qual permite a apreensão do real a partir da junção entre a sociologia e a história, permitindo, ademais destas áreas do conhecimento, o encontro entre a geografia, a antropologia, a filosofia, dentre outras.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-03-17T12:11:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adeline Araújo Carneiro Farias_.pdf: 2608574 bytes, checksum: 39c2db2c395bf2c90dd7ef7fc483a58e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T12:11:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adeline Araújo Carneiro Farias_.pdf: 2608574 bytes, checksum: 39c2db2c395bf2c90dd7ef7fc483a58e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-09 / IFRR - Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima / A presente tese apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que visou compreender os significados que os jovens rurais que vivem em Roraima, atribuem à tensão rural-urbano, analisando sua interferência no processo identitário e em seus projetos de vida. Para tanto, realizamos as técnicas de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais junto a oitenta e seis jovens rurais que vivem em quatro localidades diferentes e dispostas em pontos extremos e central do estado de Roraima. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, considerado como marcadores de diferenciação duas faixas etárias das juventudes, o sexo, a naturalidade, a localidade em que residem e a auto identificação etnorracial. Foram considerados ainda, aspectos vinculados ao intenso processo migratório e a localização de fronteira do estado de Roraima. Identificamos que as percepções e significados que os jovens rurais conferem aos meios urbano e rural, impactam em seus processos identitários, visto que tal construção opera por meio da contingência e diferenciação. Assim, tais significados também influem sobre seus conflitos acerca de projetos de vida. / The present thesis shows the results of a survey that aimed to understand the meanings that the rural youth living in Roraima impose to the rural-urban tension, analyzing its interference in their identity process and life projects. Thus, we performed the techniques of focus groups and individual interviews with eighty-six rural youth who live in four different localities and arranged in extreme and central parts of the state of Roraima. Data were analyzed using the analysis technique of thematic content, considered as markers of differentiation two age groups of youths, sex, naturalness, the locality where they live and self-ethno racial identification. Were still considered aspects linked to the intense migratory process and the boundary location of the state of Roraima. We identified that the perceptions and meanings that the rural youth impose to the urban and rural areas impact on their identity processes considering that such construction works through contingency and differentiation. Thus, these meanings also influence on their conflicts about the life projects.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / The purpose of this qualitative research was to investigate the effects of migration on municipal planning using the case of the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality in the Limpopo Province. The research derives its origin from the notion that municipal planning, which does not consider population dynamics, is incomplete. Municipalities in South Africa are mandated to provide services to community members within their jurisdiction with limited available resources. To achieve this municipalities are expected to develop plans, referred to as Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). The IDPs are informed by various aspects for their completeness, namely: alignment with the national development perspective and consideration of population dynamics. The research was designed to explore the experience and understanding of municipal officials who are responsible for planning activities in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality and the manner in which migration affects such municipal planning. This qualitative research employed a phenomenological method as the most appropriate to capture the perspective, understanding and experiences of individuals who were differently involved in migration and municipal planning processes. The research revealed how migration affects planning within municipal invironment in South Africa by using the experiences of municipal officials who are involved in planning activities in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality. Among others,the research revealed the following findings, namely; (1) Migration in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality is caused by several factors such job opportunities in the mines, better services in towns and townships among others,(2) the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality does not consider migration during community consultation processes, needs prioritisation and resource allocation, (3) the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality does not have effectivemigration data management system, (4) there is a lack of co-operation between the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality with otherspheres of government which are responsible for migration management, (5) Powers and functions delegated to the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality inhibit migration management and municipal planning and (6)there is sufficient legislative framework regulating migration management and inter-governmental relations in South Africa, however there is no implementation of such legislative framework by government officials. iii The overall experience of participants with regard to migration and municipal planning generally confirms findings of previous researches (Blase & Landau, 2014; Hofisi, 2014; Netswera & Phago, 2011) who for example, argue that migration is not taken into consideration during municipal decision making processes, need prioritisation and resource allocation. However, unlike the findings in previous researches (Friedementle & Misago, 2014; Mpehle, 2014) which highlight that municipal officials have negative attitudes towards migration this research revealed that municipal officials in the Greater Tubatse Local Municipality appreciate migrants. Municipal officials interviewed in this research appreciate migration and the challenges it poses to the municipality. Furthermore, contrary to what some reports highlight, participants in this research did not experience xenophobic attacks in the area despite the high prevalence of migration. Participants recommended that more powers and functions such as provision of water, electricity, migration management and others should be devolved to local municipalities as the sphere closest to the people. Participants further recommended that a dedicated research unit be institutionalised within municipalities to collect data which will supplement those of Statistics South Africa, and that other spheres of government should co-operate and capacitate local municipalities. This qualitative research is significant because the data gathered were analysed to develop themes which provide insight into how migration affects municipal planning, which planners in municipal environment can learn from and apply. It also contributes to a growing body of scholarly work and provides a conduit for future studies concerning the central phenomena - migration and municipal planning. This is vital, given the increasing pressure exerted by migration on municipalities and their limited resources.

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / Urbanization and rural-urban migration are processes that are surrounded by a great deal of controversy and pose as significant challenges in contemporary South Africa. In dealing, controlling, and managing urbanization and rural urban migration, the South African government has developed a number of policies to respond to this to these challenges such as Urban Development Framework of 1997 which aims to promote effective urban reconstruction and development, to guide development policies, strategies and actions of all stakeholders in the urban development processes and other policies that are geared towards urban development management. In this study, an effort is made to evaluate rural-urban migration and its link to informal settlement patterns at Disteneng area (Limpopo Province). The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data. Questionnaires, formal interviews and observations were used to assemble primary data. Policies, journals, books were used to gather secondary data. The study found that there are quite number of issues that lead to rural-urban migration such as rural poverty and unemployment. It also established that policies that have been developed to control rural-urban migration and urbanization are not comprehensive enough to respond to rural-urban migration. They need to be revitalized and reviewed. The study also found out that the main reason for the backlog in services and development relate to a lack of commitment, capacity and experience of officials mandated to bring development to the study area. Recommendations of the study include community empowerment, skills development, monitoring of performance and capacity building for officials. There is a direct link between rural-urban migration and the sprawling of urban informal settlements calling for multi-pronged interventions from multiple government agencies to address the phenomenon. The Disteneng area is a melting pot which requires urgent attention.

"July 24, 2004" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-319) / xix, 319 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2004

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication