The focus of this study was to describe rural and urban education from the perspective of teachers. Participant teachers reflected upon their rural and urban teaching experiences and described, through narratives and personal examples, various aspects of rural and urban education. Through this process, participants answered the research question: What are the experiences and perspectives of teachers with respect to teaching in rural and urban environments? Data were collected via semi-structured interviews which were used to help understand the lived experiences of the participants. <p>Based on this qualitative study, numerous characteristics of rural and urban education were highlighted. The participants indicated that rural schools were often closely linked to their community. As a result, many of these teachers could more easily individualize their instruction because they were familiar with the personal lives of their students. Within the rural schools highlighted in this study, lower enrolments and a smaller staff posed challenges, and a limited range of academic programs were offered. Student participation in extracurricular activities was more prominent in this studys rural schools, and the expectations for teachers involvement in extracurricular activities and supervision were high. <p>As with rural education, when the participants described urban education, they emphasized the importance of building strong school-community relationships. Also, this research showed that the larger enrollments of the urban schools highlighted in this study meant these schools were responsible for a greater variety of student needs, both academically and socially. Classroom management was more of an issue for the urban teachers of this study, and the parents of their urban students were often less directly involved within the school. Participants indicated, as urban teachers, they had more opportunities to specialize in their subject area and enjoyed easier access to professional development opportunities. The participants of this study described the academic abilities of urban students to be similar to those of rural students; however, the participants noted urban students to be open to a greater variety of future career choices.<p>There are similar issues surrounding education, whether rural or urban. This study highlighted this point in a number of ways. First this research reflected that close ties between school and community enhanced the pertinence of curriculum content. This indicates that schools need to take advantage of the academic, personal, and cultural resources provided within the community. Another central issue of this study indicated that a teachers background and experience, as well as his or her knowledge of the students and communitys culture affected the way a teacher acts and handles various teaching situations. A final aspect of this study showed that the roles and responsibilities of teachers are diverse. A teacher assumes such roles as educator, counselor, social worker, consultant, coach, role model, and active community member.

The problem of illiteracy has been the object of many studies during recent decades. In Ethiopia, a country which reports one of the lowest literacy rates in Africa, the Yemissrach Dimts Literacy Campaign (YDLC) was started in 1962. Its activities were concentrated to rural areas and directed primarily towards adults. The present study is an evaluation of the Campaign. The investigation was conducted between 1974-1976 with the purpose of describing and analysing Campaign activities, focussing on student achievement, the teaching process, and benefits experienced by participants of the Campaign. Another important objective was to consider the role of the Campaign within a wider socio-economic and political context. The main sample consisted of 466 literacy students in eight different schools from the regions of Wollo, Wollega, Shoa and Gamu Gofa. An additional group of 66 adult villagers also took part in the interview studies. In addition to the interviews, researchers' methodology included achievement testing and classroom observations. The results of our study indicate that students became literate after one to two years at the literacy school. However, individual participants stated that they had not experienced substantial benefits arising from their literacy skills. When students were taught to read in Amharic campaign teachers used a combination of synthetic and analytic methods. The influence of traditional reading methods was clearly visible. Motivation for sending children to school appeared fairly strong, but adults declared that it was seldom possible for themselves to attend school; Contrary to what one might expect traditional values did not seem to be the reason for this. In the case of women and girls, however, tradition was probably a major obstacle. YDLC as an educative phenomenon is also discussed in an overall development perspective. A critical appraisal of evaluative strategies for development programmes in included. / digitalisering@umu

The focus of this study was to describe rural and urban education from the perspective of teachers. Participant teachers reflected upon their rural and urban teaching experiences and described, through narratives and personal examples, various aspects of rural and urban education. Through this process, participants answered the research question: What are the experiences and perspectives of teachers with respect to teaching in rural and urban environments? Data were collected via semi-structured interviews which were used to help understand the lived experiences of the participants. <p>Based on this qualitative study, numerous characteristics of rural and urban education were highlighted. The participants indicated that rural schools were often closely linked to their community. As a result, many of these teachers could more easily individualize their instruction because they were familiar with the personal lives of their students. Within the rural schools highlighted in this study, lower enrolments and a smaller staff posed challenges, and a limited range of academic programs were offered. Student participation in extracurricular activities was more prominent in this studys rural schools, and the expectations for teachers involvement in extracurricular activities and supervision were high. <p>As with rural education, when the participants described urban education, they emphasized the importance of building strong school-community relationships. Also, this research showed that the larger enrollments of the urban schools highlighted in this study meant these schools were responsible for a greater variety of student needs, both academically and socially. Classroom management was more of an issue for the urban teachers of this study, and the parents of their urban students were often less directly involved within the school. Participants indicated, as urban teachers, they had more opportunities to specialize in their subject area and enjoyed easier access to professional development opportunities. The participants of this study described the academic abilities of urban students to be similar to those of rural students; however, the participants noted urban students to be open to a greater variety of future career choices.<p>There are similar issues surrounding education, whether rural or urban. This study highlighted this point in a number of ways. First this research reflected that close ties between school and community enhanced the pertinence of curriculum content. This indicates that schools need to take advantage of the academic, personal, and cultural resources provided within the community. Another central issue of this study indicated that a teachers background and experience, as well as his or her knowledge of the students and communitys culture affected the way a teacher acts and handles various teaching situations. A final aspect of this study showed that the roles and responsibilities of teachers are diverse. A teacher assumes such roles as educator, counselor, social worker, consultant, coach, role model, and active community member.

The purpose of this microethnography was to explore and describe the rural schooling experiences of one female adolescent who lives in a one industry, non-farming rural village and attends high school in a nearby small town. The pursuit of a post-secondary education usually results in the out-migration of local youth. This study describes and explores: (a) the ways in which the school environment and the interactions between the adolescent participant and her network educators shaped the meanings she ascribed to schooling; (b) the meanings of school curriculum for the adolescent participant; (c) the meanings of academic achievement for the adolescent participant; and (d) the role of the adolescent’s parents in her education at home and at school and the ways in which interactions between the adolescent and her parents shaped the meanings she ascribed to schooling. Data collection took place on site over 12 consecutive weeks and two re-visits which each lasted one week. The methods of data acquisition included participant observation, interviewing, document analyses, and photographs of local places. The adolescent participant’s mother and father and five educators at her high school also participated in this microethnography. Through addressing the specific rural issues and concerns of the rural context in which this microethnography took place this research reveals a deeper understanding of one adolescent’s rural schooling experiences. Implications for future rural schooling practices and research are discussed. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-26 08:13:17.519

This dissertation focuses on how rural community college students make decisions regarding their post-secondary plans. To understand these decision processes, I interviewed students, faculty and administrators at Southeast Community and Technical College in Harlan County, Kentucky. The literature informing my research reflects on rural college going patterns. Most studies connect place and post-secondary plans. Central Appalachia has among the lowest population percentages with Bachelor degrees in the country. Studies argue this is because of limited application for such degrees in the region. Matching their education and training to local job market requirements, people hesitate to complete advanced degrees when little if any local application requires such additional education. This study discusses how place informs and shapes students’ decisions around college and degree selection. Unlike those who connect advanced education with outmigration patterns, my research highlights students who pursue post-secondary training in hopes of applying these degrees locally to build their communities and families’ quality of life in a rural place. From the twenty-eight student and fifteen faculty and administrator interviews conducted, rationales regarding the purpose of post-secondary degrees and training surfaced. Through selected follow up oral histories, students further described the application of their degrees towards terminal, transfer and/or transformative ends. Their articulated positions regarding the purpose and application of higher education in Central Appalachia adds to the continuing studies on how advanced degrees informs students’ decisions to stay or leave rural areas. From the Southeast interview data, I provide a critique of policy directives related to advanced education and economic development. Given many of the urban assumptions embedded in development theory, my study was interested in how these rural students, in a place considered underdeveloped partly because of low college attendance rates, attain and then apply their degrees and the rationale they articulate in doing so. As US policy makers continue to require advanced education for more and more of their citizens, my research shows the complications and complexities such rhetoric evokes when people, committed to rural places and ways of life, apply them in their local contexts.

Thesis (M. Ed. (Education))--Rhodes University, 2004. / In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters in Education (Educational Leadership and Management).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 67-69.

In a time when the peoples of the field redefine the countryside of São Gabriel, a geographic look at the analysis of the MST territorialization in the constitution of the State Elementary School Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas, located in the District of Batovi in the Municipality São Gabriel, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, it should be released. The problem of the research lies in the study of how was the process of MST territorialization at the School Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas, school that serves children from 7 MST settlements created in rural areas of San Gabriel, from the year 2008. Facing this question we can trace the general objective to grasp how was the process of reconfiguration of the State School Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas, from the creation of settlements in São Gabriel, in 2008. Therefore it was necessary to: 1. conduct a historical review of the agrarian question in Brazil in order to understand the agrarian territorial development in San Gabriel, 2. compare the evolution of concepts of property and education in the various brasilians Constitutions, 3. address the struggle of the MST for land and especially the struggle of the MST for education in the municipality of São Gabriel, 4. understand how it was created the Educational Field legislation and how MST design education, 5. characterize the school studied and 6. understand what transformations of Ataliba School from the creation of settlements in São Gabriel, in the year 2008. To meet the goals formulated conducted a qualitative survey of bibliographic and documentary survey, questionnaires and interviews, and informal dialogues and making essays with school students. The process of the MST territorialization in the constitution of the State Elementary School Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas began with the conquest of the land but needs to be constantly reflected and renewed for all segments that are part of the school community, as the people of the country no longer ag ree more to receive a school that does not effectively meet their interests. / Em um momento em que os povos do campo redefinem o espaço rural do município de São Gabriel, um olhar geográfico para a análise da territorialização do MST na constituição da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas, situada no Distrito do Batovi, no Município de São Gabriel, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, cabe ser lançado. O problema da pesquisa situa-se no estudo de como ocorreu o processo de territorialização do MST na Escola Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas, escola que atende crianças provenientes de 7 assentamentos do MST criados no espaço rural de São Gabriel, a partir do ano de 2008. Diante dessa questão podemos traçar como objetivo geral apreender como se deu o processo de reconfiguração da Escola Estadual Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas, a partir da criação dos assentamentos em São Gabriel, em 2008. Para tanto se fez necessário: 1. realizar uma revisão histórica da questão agrária no Brasil com a finalidade de compreender a evolução territorial agrária em São Gabriel, 2. comparar a evolução dos conceitos de propriedade e educação nas diversas Constituições Brasileiras, 3. abordar a luta do MST pela conquista da terra e em especial a luta do MST pela educação, no município de São Gabriel, 4. entender como foi construída a legislação para a Educação do Campo e qual a concepção do MST em educação, 5. caracterizar a escola estudada e 6. compreender quais as transformações da Escola Ataliba a partir da criação dos assentamentos em São Gabriel, no ano de 2008. Para cumprir com os objetivos formulados empreendeu-se pesquisa qualitativa com levantamento bibliográfica e documental, questionários e entrevistas, além de diálogos informais e confecção de redações com os alunos da escola estudada. O processo de territorialização do MST na constituição da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Ataliba Rodrigues das Chagas iniciou com a conquista da terra mas precisa ser constantemente refletido e renovado por todos os segmentos que fazem parte da comunidade escolar, pois os povos do campo já não concordam mais em receber uma escola que não atenda efetivamente seus interesses.

The present study has as objective to do a reflection about the education in the rural space, in the context of the place, giving emphasis to the social knowledge, present in the school's community of the Municipal Elementary School José Paim of Oliveira, in the District São Valentim, part of the city Santa Maria, RS. The present research had a qualitative approach, where there was the employment of the Dialectic method to investigate the importance of the rural school in the context of place; to recognize the social knowledge of the community from the school in study, pointing out its importance in the constitution of the culture in that place; to learn the social knowledge that give basis to the rural teacher's pedagogic practice, making a relationship with the teacher's initial and permanent formation. It is through the understanding and of the knowledge of the place, that the educators of the schools can compose their educational practices, in a way to respect and to learn from the involved communities. As we experience the school in study, in its pedagogic routine, it could be verified that as it demonstrates its Pedagogic Political Project (PPP), still today, it follows the pedagogic beginnings of the Project of School-Nucleus. It was verified that, theoretically there is the concern with the rural common knowledge, of characterizing the school as "of the countryside" and not just in the countryside", as demonstrated in its PPP, however, there is the challenge of transforming this knowledge in a member of the curriculum of the school. The pedagogic practice experienced in the school values the social knowledge, through events (horseback ridings, parties, parades, among others), historical rescue, as the one made on the Coachmen, (2002 and 2004). However, the rural schools in the city of Santa Maria are geographically in the countryside, but in their daily practice, contents, calendar, etc., the school's curriculum is the same of an urban school. In this context, it was verified there is the need of further study for the implantation of the Operational Guidelines for Basic Education of the Rural Schools. This presupposition was not confirmed at the school in study, because even with the efforts demonstrated by the teachers and directing team, it is not noticed a true identity with the rural space. Therefore, from the moment the school starts to follow the Guidelines for a rural education, it will start to fulfill its social role, the role of promoting the improvement of the life conditions in the field, respecting the specificity of the place, its culture, knowledge, forming people conscious of their responsibility in the rural community's development. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a educação do campo, no contexto do lugar, dando ênfase aos saberes sociais presentes na comunidade escolar da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental José Paim de Oliveira, no Distrito de São Valentim, no município de Santa Maria, RS. A presente pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, onde houve o emprego do método dialético para investigar a importância da escola do campo no contexto do lugar; reconhecer os saberes sociais da comunidade escolar pesquisada, destacando sua importância na constituição da cultura do lugar; apreender os saberes sociais que fundamentam a prática pedagógica do educador da escola do campo, fazendo uma relação com a formação inicial e permanente do professor. É por meio da compreensão e do conhecimento do lugar, que os educadores das escolas rurais poderão compor suas práticas educativas, de forma a respeitar e apreender sobre os saberes sociais das comunidades envolvidas. Ao vivenciarmos a escola em estudo, no seu cotidiano pedagógico, pôde-se verificar que, como demonstra seu Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), ainda hoje esta segue os princípios pedagógicos do Projeto de Escola-Núcleo. Verificou-se que, teoricamente, há a preocupação com os saberes do campo, de caracterizar a escola como do campo e não apenas no campo , assim também demonstradas em seu PPP, no entanto, há o desafio de transformar esses saberes em integrantes do currículo da escola. A prática pedagógica vivenciada no seio da escola valoriza os saberes sociais através de eventos (cavalgada, festas, desfiles, entre outros), o resgate histórico, como o realizado sobre os Carreteiros, (2002 e 2004). Entretanto, as escolas do campo do município de Santa Maria estão geograficamente no campo, mas em sua prática cotidiana, como conteúdos, calendário, enfim o currículo escolar é o mesmo de uma escola urbana. Neste contexto, constatou-se que há a necessidade de um aprofundamento e estudo para a implantação das Diretrizes Operacionais para a Educação Básica das Escolas do Campo. Este pressuposto não foi confirmado na escola em estudo, pois mesmo com os esforços demonstrados pelos professores e equipe diretiva, não se percebe uma verdadeira identidade com o campo. Portanto, no momento em que a escola passar a seguir as Diretrizes por uma educação do campo, esta passará a cumprir o seu papel social, que é o de promover a melhoria das condições de vida no campo, respeitando a especificidade do lugar, sua cultura e saberes, formando sujeitos conscientes de sua responsabilidade no desenvolvimento de sua comunidade rural.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2223600 bytes, checksum: e47ad93c3fc74b3984a7e9d581597518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28 / This work has as goal to analyze the way by which the ideology, or social vision of the world, from particular society influences directly on its educational practices. Thus, this work deals with a portion of the society, most known as rural homeless workers movement, exploring its insertion in society and its pedagogical guidelines. It s fact that this movement differs from the others in Brazil for developing, inside their camping and settlements, a diverse educational practice, whose goal is to respond to a perspective of fighting by land and citizenship conquest. The analyzed social context is the Oziel Alves Pereira settlement, located at Governador Valadares. This settlement, created in 1996, is social and politically highlighted, for dealing with social participation and formation of homeless militants. The settlement, that possesses an expressive nucleus of formation and offers courses for all Latin America s militants, has a school where the settled children are led by a schooling practice according with the HM Pedagogy. As methodological procedures, for the achievement of the research, participant observation and interview were used. During the discussion proposed by this work, there are characteristics of the observed schooling practice, which is based on methodologies for promotion of citizenship, social emancipation and for expressive conflicts of pedagogical and social conceptions, generated by the presence of a pedagogical team came from the urban space, since the school is denominated as an annex of a school from Governador Valadares. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a forma pela qual a ideologia, ou visão social de mundo, de determinada sociedade influencia diretamente sobre suas práticas educativas. Para tanto, o presente trabalho se utiliza de um recorte social, explorando sua inserção na sociedade e suas diretrizes pedagógicas: o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra. Sabe-se que este último se diferencia de outros movimentos sociais brasileiros por desenvolver, no interior de seus acampamentos e assentamentos, uma prática educativa diferenciada, visando atender a uma perspectiva de luta pela terra e conquista da cidadania. O contexto social analisado é o Assentamento Oziel Alves Pereira, localizado no município de Governador Valadares. O assentamento, criado desde 1996, se destaca social e politicamente, tratando-se da participação social e da formação de militantes Sem-Terra. O assentamento, que possui um expressivo núcleo de formação e oferece cursos para militantes de toda a América Latina, possui uma escola onde as crianças assentadas são conduzidas a uma prática escolar em concordância com a Pedagogia do MST. Como procedimentos metodológicos para a efetivação da pesquisa foram utilizadas a observação participante e a entrevista. Ao longo da discussão proposta por esta dissertação percebem-se as nuances da prática escolar observada, que se caracteriza por metodologias em favor da promoção da cidadania e da emancipação social e por conflitos expressivos de concepções pedagógicas e sociais, gerados pela presença de uma equipe pedagógica oriunda do espaço urbano, já que a escola é denominada como um anexo de uma escola de Governador Valadares.