Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 46 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-43).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Montana, 2008. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-111).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 10, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 370-386).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file.

Several studies have documented the positive impact of post-apartheid development programmes on economic livelihoods in South Africa. This study explores the impact of post-apartheid policies with a focus on differences across geographical types (geo-types). In this study, I first analyse the design and implementation of key post-apartheid government policies through the lens of urban bias and synergist development theory. Next, I use national-level household survey data from the 1997 October Household Survey (OHS), the 2002 General Household Survey (GHS), and the first (2008) wave of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) to describe key trends and differences in demographic and socio-economic characteristics across geo-types. In doing so, the data reveal large differences between rural and urban areas. Although a few socio-economic disparities have narrowed somewhat since 1997, most differences remain substantial in 2008. The research also finds that the „rural‟ and „urban‟ binary categories provide an incomplete portrait of socio-economic realities in South Africa. More specifically, the four-geo type data identified in the NIDS 2008 uncover significant differences within rural and urban areas which make households located in tribal authority and urban informal areas more vulnerable to poverty.Using poverty and regression analysis, the study concludes that geo-type of residence and other correlates of socio-economic well-being have a significant impact on differential poverty risk across geo-types. Importantly, even after controlling for a range of observable characteristics, geo-type of residence still has a significant effect on the probability that an individual resides in a poor household. Given these findings, the study advocates further research into factors influencing poverty risk in particular geo-types and more careful attention to differences across geo-types in both research and policy-making. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Submitted by LUCIANO CAMPOS GOMES null (lucianocgeo@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-17T21:23:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final - Luciano Campos Gomes.pdf: 2778107 bytes, checksum: 2e458922e910a5d6c33963320242de7f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-20T17:07:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_lc_me_rcla.pdf: 2778107 bytes, checksum: 2e458922e910a5d6c33963320242de7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-20T17:07:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_lc_me_rcla.pdf: 2778107 bytes, checksum: 2e458922e910a5d6c33963320242de7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é analisar as relações entre o campo e a cidade em Santo Antônio do Amparo – MG, no atual período técnico-científico-informacional. A partir da década de 1970, a globalização instituiu uma nova etapa no processo de modernização agrícola e da cafeicultura em Minas Gerais. No início do século XXI, a consolidação da cafeicultura científica globalizada em regiões agrícolas modernas, como o Sul de Minas, estabeleceu novas dinâmicas entre o campo e as cidades médias e pequenas, que se tornaram o lócus da regulação do espaço agrícola. O território é usado e regulado pelo Estado, pelas tradings e multinacionais do setor de torrefação que criam circuitos espaciais produtivos e uma nova divisão social e territorial do trabalho, o que torna esses espaços funcionais ao agronegócio científico globalizado e aumenta os fluxos materiais e imateriais entre as regiões. Para compreendermos relações campo-cidade e os usos do território em Santo Antônio do Amparo analisamos os circuitos espaciais produtivos do café, principal produto de exportação do município. A configuração do circuito espacial produtivo e dos círculos de cooperação no território possibilitam o entendimento de como são os fluxos e as trocas entre o campo e cidade, bem como sua posição na hierarquia urbana e na divisão territorial do trabalho. / The main objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the countryside and the city in Santo Antonio do Amparo - MG, in the current technicalscientific-informational period. From the 1970s, globalization has instituted a new stage in the process of agricultural modernization and coffee plantations in Minas Gerais. In the early twenty-first century, the consolidation of the global scientific coffee in modern agricultural regions, such as South of Minas, established new dynamics between the field and the medium and small cities, which have become the locus of regulation of agricultural space. The territory is used and regulated by the State, trading companies and multinational roasting industry to create productive spatial circuit and a new social and territorial division of labor, which makes these functional spaces to the global scientific agribusiness and increases the material and immaterial flows between regions. To understand urban-rural relations and uses of the territory in Santo Antonio do Amparo, analyze the spatial circuits of coffee production, the main product of the municipality of export. The configuration of the productive space circuit and cooperation circles in the territory make it possible to understand how are the flows and exchanges between the countryside and city, as well as its position in the urban hierarchy and territorial division of labor

Local economic development (LED) in the countries of the North is a voluntary activity of local government, in South Africa it is a mandatory activity. The purpose of LED is to build the capacity of a local area to improve its economic future and the quality of life for all. While local governments in South Africa are currently engaged with the concept of LED which is seen as a tool through which to achieve sustainable development, it is now recognized that there exists economic, social and environmental interdependence between rural and urban areas and a need for a balanced and mutually supportive approach to development of the rural and urban areas. Adopting the Rural-Urban, Economic and Enterprise Development (RUEED) concept, this study highlights the challenges and development problems experienced by the deep rural and urban communities in the implementation of LED activities within the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) due to the lack of social, economic and environmental sustainability and rural-urban linkages. This study located in the Blue Crane Route Municipality in the Eastern Cape, seeks to investigate and recommend a map or strategies linking together the urban communities with the poorer neighbourhoods in LED activities. The intensive research design that incorporates the case study method was used to achieve the objectives of this study. The empirical findings of the research indicate that the concept of rural-urban linkages is not an adopted strategy in implementing development programmes resulting in deep rural communities being excluded in LED activities initiated within the Blue Crane Route Municipality. The findings also reveal that the creation of employment opportunities and improvement in the standard of living are important dimensions of LED and rural-urban linkages. This study therefore recommends the adoption of a new perspective referred to as the rural-urban linkages for LED and the consideration of economic, social and environmental complementaries that exist between rural and urban areas in the Blue Crane Route Municipality. The study further indicates that it is critical that the LED policy and interventions reflect the existing patterns of interactions between the rural and urban areas of the Municipality.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / S. 1-35: Introduction; sammanbunden med 8 uppsatser.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable rural development is currently one of the priority items for the South African government. Agricultural advancement, high rates of unemployment, widespread poverty, a lack of access to employment opportunities, transport, education and other services, skewed land ownership patterns that are partly due to Apartheid policies, a lack of access to land and numerous social and health‐related issues are just some of the problems that rural communities are currently faced with. This study focuses mainly on the spatial planning aspects of rural development and it explores the possibilities of adaptating strategies from the New Urbanism and New Ruralism movements, together with a number of tools typically associated with sustainable rural development, for use in the South African context. Through the study of available literature on the subject, personal interviews and practical experience, a range of strategies have been investigated and a selected number have been identified that may be applicable to the local context. A number of case studies are assessed, which include a new model being implemented at Crossways Farm Village in the Eastern Cape which combines elements from the above‐mentioned approaches. From some of the results achieved to date it seems that the implementation of these particular spatial planning models, combined with models like the biosphere concept that focuses on biodiversity, together with a range of additional socio‐economic strategies, may contribute to the promotion of sustainable rural development in South Africa. It is hoped that this study shows the potential and challenges of these spatial planning models as a tool for sustainable rural development, and that it may lead to further study on the subject. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling is tans een van die prioriteitsitems vir die Suid‐ Afrikaanse regering. Landboukundige vooruitgang, hoë vlakke van werkloosheid, wyd verspreide armoede, ‘n tekort aan toegang tot werksgeleenthede, vervoer, onderwys en ander dienste, verwronge patrone van grondbesit wat deels toegeskryf kan word aan Apartheidsbeleide, ‘n tekort aan toegang tot grond en talle sosiale‐ en gesondheidskwessies is net ‘n paar van die probleme waarmee landelike gemeenskappe tans gekonfronteer is. Hierdie studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die ruimtelike beplanningsaspekte van landelike ontwikkeling en dit ondersoek die moontlikhede om strategië van die New Urbanism en New Ruralism bewegings, tesame met ‘n aantal werktuie wat tipies met volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling geassosieër word, te gebruik in die Suid‐Afrikaanse konteks. Deur die studie van die beskikbare literatuur oor die onderwerp, persoonlike onderhoude en praktiese ondervinding, word ‘n reeks strategië ondersoek en ‘n uitgekose aantal word geidentifiseer wat moontlik van toepassing kan wees op die plaaslike konteks. Daar word verwys na ‘n aantal gevallestudies, wat ook ‘n nuwe model insluit wat tans op Crossways Farm Village in die Oos‐Kaap geimplementeer word, wat elemente van die bogenoemde benaderings kombineer. Van sommige van die resultate wat tot op hede verkry is, blyk dit dat die implementering van hierdie spesifieke ruimtelike beplanningsmodelle, gekombineer met modelle soos die biosfeer konsep wat fokus op biodiversiteit, tesame met ‘n reeks addisionele sosioekonomiese strategië, moontlik mag bydra tot die bevordering van volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling in Suid‐Afrika. Daar word gehoop dat hierdie studie die potensiaal en die uitdagings wys van hierdie ruimtelike beplanningsmodelle as ‘n werktuig vir volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling en dat dit mag lei tot verdere studie oor die onderwerp.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Aparecida.pdf: 2761831 bytes, checksum: 7a28ba90e71790051e04894333386f8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the relationships and interactions among the rural and urban worlds, considering the daily life in São João, a rural community maroon. The isolation and the constraints arising from the geographical condition of this maroon community, located in the Vale do Ribeira – PR, force residents to seek resources and better infrastructure in other locations. In consequence, they develop different strategies and dynamics of dislocations as an alternative to face this scenario. This research seeks to understand how these relationships are given from the experience lived and what that entails in day-to-day of community.Through community studies, it was possible to reconcile theory and method. Through the community studies, it was possible to combine the theory with the method, as the micro-scale perspective make possible to appreciate each researched individual’ view. The research results have been achieved by observing their daily life and accompanying their daily movements. Interviews and a genealogy construction together with the residents were also essential. Some factors, such as the creation of the Park of Lauráceas and the spatial compression of farmers from the 1970s on, helped to increase the isolation and the rural exodus in the community. The lack of basic resources also motivates them to search in the urban world what they do not find in their own rural world. The current relations made between these two worlds have shown an integration between the two and changing life in the community. / A proposta desta dissertação é compreender as relações e interações entre os mundos rural e urbano a partir do cotidiano de uma comunidade rural quilombola: São João. O isolamento e as limitações impostas decorrentes da condição geográfica desta comunidade quilombola, localizada no Vale do Ribeira – PR obriga os moradores a buscar recursos e melhor infra-estrutura em outros locais. Isso faz com que desenvolvam estratégias diferenciadas e dinâmicas de deslocamentos, como alternativas para enfrentar esta situação. Através desta investigação busca-se compreender como se dão estas relações a partir da experiência vivida e o que isso acarreta no dia-a-dia da comunidade. Através dos community studies foi possível conciliar teoria ao método, pois a perspectiva micro-escalar presente nesta abordagem permite valorizar a visão dos sujeitos pesquisados. Foi na vivência cotidiana, acompanhando-os em seus deslocamentos diários, também através das entrevistas e na construção de genealogias em conjunto com os moradores, que se chegou aos resultados desta pesquisa. Alguns fatores como a criação do Parque das Lauráceas e a compressão espacial dos fazendeiros a partir dos anos 1970, favoreceram o agravamento do isolamento e o êxodo rural na comunidade. A falta de recursos básicos também os motiva a procurar no mundo urbano o que em seu mundo não encontram. As relações atuais efetuadas entre estes dois mundos vêm demonstrando uma integração entre ambos e alterando a vida na comunidade.