Lithuania’s agricultural reform resulted in significant changes in land use, i.e. in the emergence of small individual farms. As a result, the formerly most popular 7, 8, 9-course crop rotations, or even 5-6-course crop rotations became inapplicable on small farms, especially on those not involved in animal production and cultivation of grass forage. Multiple-course crop rotations would disperse the same crops over several places, and the fields would not be unacceptably small. This is especially problematic for market farms, where it is intended to have 1-2-3 main crops and adequately alternate them. In foreign countries short rotations are a common practice in similar cases. However, in Lithuania short rotations have hardly been investigated, except for the sporadic research cases, therefore it is rather complicated to judge the feasibility of market crops growing in short rotations. When the area of cereals is increased in a crop rotation, it is more difficult to choose preceding crops, and continuous growing of crops becomes inevitable. It is of special relevance here to maintain soil fertility, moreover, the adverse effects of crops concentration manifest themselves much more severely than in any other system, namely, heavy occurrence of weeds, diseases and pests, soil depletion and fatigue. On cultivated Central Lithuania’s soils shortening of rotations and proper choice of preceding crops make it feasible to produce profitable, high quality agricultural production... [to full text]

Baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti ir pagrįsti žemės naudojimą Šiaulių rajone. Baigiamojo darbo uždaviniai: išanalizuoti žemės naudojimą reglamentuojančius dokumentus, taip pat išnagrinėti Šiaulių rajono žemės naudojimo ypatumus bei pagrįsti žemės naudojimą Šiaulių rajone. Lietuva yra nedidelė šalis, tačiau gamtinės sąlygos joje gana skirtingos. Tai dirvožemių įvairovė, nevienodas reljefas, net klimato skirtumai. Lyginant dirvožemius, reljefą ir klimatą, šalyje išskirtos trys gamtinės zonos – Vakarų, Vidurio ir Rytų. Šiaulių rajonas yra Lietuvos šiaurės vakarų dalyje - Rytų Europos lygumos pakraštyje, Lietuvos vidurio žemumoje. Rajono savivaldybės bendras žemės plotas 2012 m. sausio 1 d. siekia 180732 ha, iš jų žemės ūkio naudmenų plotas sudaro 10315 ha, tame skaičiuje: 90904 ha ariama žemė, 1260 ha sodai, 10988 ha pievos ir natūralios ganyklos. Rajone yra 59586 ha miškų. Šiaulių rajone privačios žemės plotas sudaro 108676 ha , 72048 ha yra valstybinė žemė - nusausintos žemės plotas 29713 ha. Rajono teritorijoje vyraujančios žemumos - tinkamos žemdirbystei, todėl čia gausu žemės ūkio bei jo produktų perdirbimo įmonių. Yra ir laisvų žemės plotų, tinkamų verslo plėtrai, su netoliese esančiomis komunikacijomis (dujotiekiu, elektros bei vandentiekio magistraliniais tinklais). Šiaulių rajono žemės naudojimo pagrindimui turi įtakos tiek pačios žemės pasiskirstymas pagal paskirtis, tiek kraštovaizdžio ypatybės, turizmas, naudingosios iškasenos bei ūkininkų skaičius ir ūkių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this graduation paper is to analyse land use in Siauliai district. Objectives of the work: analysis of land use regulations, documents, also analysis of land use characteristics based on the use of land in Siauliai district. Although Lithuania is a small country, it has many natural variations. It has a variety of soils, relief and climatic differences too. When comparing soil, relief and climate, Lithuania can be divided into three regions – West, Central and East. Siauliai region is in North west of Lithuania – on the edge of the East Europe flatlands. As on January 1st 2012 the land area totals 180,732ha. This comprises 10,315 ha of agricultural land, made up of 90,904 ha of arable land, 1,260 ha of gardens and 10,988 ha of grassland and natural pasture. In Siauliai region there are 59,586 ha forests. Private land amounts to 108,676 ha, 72,048 ha is state land and drained land amounts to 29713 ha. Because much of the land is suitable for agriculture, there are many agricultural and product recycling companies in existence. Siauliai region land use depends on land distribution, landscape properties, tourism, minerals, also farmers and farms size. Land use perspective is not about analysis of statistic data, but also evaluation of all factors, on which land uses and intensity depends. Under the current farm specialization provides, that it is more in line with the development needs of industries, environmental protection and management of land use requirements... [to full text]

The effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on biological activity of different genesis soils in long-term crop rotation trials was determined. Biological activity was diverse in the soils of different genesis and it activity correlated with some soil chemical properties. Organic and mineral fertilizers and their combinations more increased biological activity in the soil than only mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers suppressed dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity (180 kg ha-1) with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The relationship between the crops grown, their yield and enzyme activity and respiration intensity in the soil was investigated.