The current study explored the association between sexual minorities’ experiences in schools and relationships. Socio-political-psychological theory provided a framework for the exploration of how retrospective reports of sexual orientation violence in school (SOVS) and school environment predicted the experience and perpetration of sexual minority intimate partner violence (SMIPV). Because of its relation to both school and interpersonal violence, alcohol was also hypothesized to predict rates of experiencing and perpetrating SMIPV. Group differences for all scales were explored on the basis of sexual orientation, gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Chi-square and analysis of variance analyses revealed several significant differences. Logistic regressions revealed that the experience of SOVS was not found to significantly affect the risk of experiencing or perpetrating SMIPV. However, a negative school environment was found to affect the risk of experiencing and perpetrating SMIPV differentially by gender and race, respectively. Results also revealed that alcohol significantly predicted the perpetration of SMIPV.

The purpose of this essay is to examine what kind of pictures the children encounter everyday in their classroom. Furthermore, the idea was to immerse myself in how girls and boys are portrayed in these pictures from a gender perspective. Three question were set, to enable this study:  What kind of pictures will second grade pupils encounter in their classroom, in a city school and in a rural school? How many girls and boys are illustrated in these pictures? How are girls and boys portrayed in these pictures? The examination was done by a field study of two classrooms, where all the pictures on the walls were documented using a digital camera. The collected material were examined, using both a quantitative analysis and a qualitative ditto. The first analysis is presented in tables, where it shows that there were a bigger different in how the gender were shown in the city school then in the rural school. The second analysis performed on the basis of three categories; glance, activity and attributes. The purpose of this method is to highlight any gender differences in how boys and girls are depicted. This essay concludes that the boys were in general portrayed more varied than the girls, even if the pictures in the city school showed more traditional stereotypical traits than the other. An interesting issue and a proposal for further research, is an examination of the thoughts and ideas the teachers have about choosing, and using pictures in the classroom.

<p>Vårt mål med denna studie var att belysa den fysiska klassrumsmiljön och dess inverkan på elevernas lärande ur ett lärarperspektiv. Vi har gjort intervjuer med lärare på olika skolor, både moderna och äldre skolor som är i behov av renovering för att få en bredd och se om lärares tankar och uppfattningar varierar.</p><p>Med fysisk klassrumsmiljö så har vi inriktat oss på möbleringen, design och funktion. Där det bästa utifrån aspekter på trivsel och inlärningsklimat finns för barnen. Vi har valt att göra intervjuer med lärare för barn i de tidiga åldrarna, skolår 1-3, för att lyssna och få ett värde till varje enskild lärares uppfattningar.</p><p>Syftet med vår undersökning var att få reda på lärares olika uppfattningar hur de tänker kring den fysiska klassrumsmiljön. Om tanke och handling hänger ihop då lärare planerar så barnen får den bästa lärande miljön i klassrummet.</p><p>Frågeställningar som vi har arbetat med är:</p><p>• Vilken betydelse anser lärarna att den fysiska klassrumsmiljön har för elevernas lärande?</p><p>• Hur anser lärarna att den fysiska klassrumsmiljön möter barns olika förutsättningar för att lära?</p><p>• Vad i den fysiska klassrumsmiljön anser lärarna bidrar till en kreativ lärandemiljö?</p> / <p>The purpose of our study was to look at the physical classroom environment and how it influences the children’s learning from a teacher’s point of view. We choose to look at classroom environment on the physic aspect and how it influences pedagogic and the teachers’ vision for the students’ best learning. We have done interviews with teachers on different schools, both modern and older schools that need a make-over. This in hope of that it will give us a broad view and see if thoughts in different schools vary.</p><p>With physic classroom environment as our subject, we have looked on furniture placement, design and function. There you can find the best learning for the children.</p><p>We have chosen interviews with teachers as work with children in earlier classes’ year 1-3 as method. This we did because we wanted to listen and understand every teacher’s own apprehension.</p><p>The purpose of our examination was to find the variation of thoughts from teachers about the classroom environment and if there thoughts influence the classrooms furnishing and organization. We wanted to know if thought and action act together when teacher plan for the children’s best learning in the classroom.</p><p>Our questions that we have worked with are:</p><p>• What meaning says the teachers the physical classroom environments have for the children’s learning?</p><p>• How can teachers make the classroom tribute to different children will learn from different learning styles?</p><p>• What parts in the classroom say the teachers will tribute to a creative learning environment?</p>

<p><b>Objectives.</b>The general objectives of this dissertationwere to examine the effects of acute exposure to meaningfulirrelevant speech and road traffic noise on memory performance,and to explore annoyance responses to noise exposure in theschool environment for pupils and teachers in different agegroups.</p><p><b>Methods</b>. The thesis comprises seven papers, representingdifferent methodological approaches: experiments, surveystudies and interviews. In the experiments, reported in PapersI-V, 288 pupils and teachers participated in the age groups,13-14 years (n=96), 18-20 years (n=96), 35-45 years (n=48) and55-65 years (n=48). The subjects were randomly assigned to oneof three conditions: (a) meaningful irrelevant speech, (b) roadtraffic noise, and (c) silence. The equivalent sound level inthe noise conditions was set to 66 dB(A). A test batteryreflecting episodic and semantic memory were used. The surveystudies, reported in Paper VI and VII, included 207 pupils(M=13.5) and 166 teachers (M=45.9). Two separate questionnairesmainly comprising items about annoyance, noise sensitivity andstress symptoms were administered. Paper VI presents results offocus group interviews (n=16) treating the main topics:disturbing sounds, emotions, ongoing activity, and suggestionsconcerning future changes. Results. The overall findings showedthat both noise sources affected episodic and semantic memoryto the same degree for all age groups. The results indicatedthat the similarity of semantic content between noise and thetask at hand was not the only suitable explanation model, sincea non-speech noise impaired memory as much as speech.</p><p><b>Results</b>also indicated that attention effects did notmediate the obtained noise effects and that the noise effectsdid not differ between age groups. Therefore, it seemedunlikely that different memory and attentional capacities stoodout as explanatory factors of the memory effects. Sinceperformances of both episodic and semantic memory tasks wereimpaired, the explanation based on level of access to long-termmemory was also ruled out. However, the episodic memory task,reading comprehension, stood out to be most impaired by noise,suggesting that complexity of the task to perform was ofimportance. For reading comprehension there was also adifferent noise pattern obtained. Participants performance wasin this task, more impaired by meaningful irrelevant speechthan by road traffic noise. This effect indicated thatmeaningful irrelevant speech might reduce the availablecognitive resources necessary for learning the text. Theannoyance models derived from the survey studies indicated thatsensitivity acted as a mediator between hearing status andannoyance, with stress symptoms as an outcome. Whetherannoyance arises or not was also determined by control andpredictability of the noise. In the interviews a differentannoyance pattern was found, in that stress symptoms appearedto be a determinant of annoyance. To be involved, respected,take own responsibility and respect others were suggestions onhow to change the environment to become more silent.</p><p><b>Conclusions.</b>For both pupils and teachers acute exposureto meaningful irrelevant speech and road traffic noiseinfluenced both the achieving and providing of knowledge. Acommon annoyance pattern was also found for pupils andteachers, where individual and situational factors were ofimportance. To achieve a more silent school environment in thefuture, the pupils pointed out that the interaction betweenthemselves and their teachers was of importance.</p><p><b>Key words:</b>Noise, meaningful irrelevant speech, roadtraffic noise, memory, age groups, school environment, pupils,teachers</p>

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-132). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-257). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-99). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-257). Also available on the Internet.

The primary intent of this thesis is to demonstrate how the schoolyard, through physical diversification focusing on a three-fold paradigmatic framework, can become a significant educational environment able to support the physical, cognitive and developmental skills in children. Research is used as a tool to inform and support the designs. Discussed in the first two sections are the history and evolution of school grounds, play and the environment, the effects of place-identity on self-identity, as well as the power of place in pedagogy. The design framework is supported by precedent studies, intending to reflect the design principles, programs, ideas and values of the ecological, curriculum-based and narrative landscape design layers. The final master plan design is an amalgamation of these three layers, representing an educational setting that will foster a dynamic interchange between children and their milieu.