This work deals with Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and its impact on SAP products. In the first part of the work we are outlining the development of information systems architectures, after that describing SOA architecture, its basic concept, benefits and risks, ways of implementing and other connections. In the next part we are introducing the SAP company and its big historic moments from the beginning till present. We are analyzing the impact of SOA on SAP product and introducing new solutions -- architectural concept Enterprise SOA and application and integration, service-oriented platform SAP NetWeaver. We are discussing its development and its future. In the last part we are demonstrating practically these new solutions.

This thesis is focused on comparison of common standards used for service orchestration. Orchestration is one of main terms in service oriented architecture, which is a considerable trend in information systems development. This paper is divided into four main parts. The first chapter describes services as a part of current information systems. Definition of service oriented architecture is another subject, where service is a main component for system development and integration. Description of principles of service oriented architecture, that are describing its basis, is the last part of this chapter. The next chapter belongs to coordination of service cooperation, where we can find two basic approaches -- orchestration and choreography. The intention of this chapter is to create theoretical definition of both terms and to compare them. The third part is focused on orchestration methods standardization, where the main standard is BPEL. The history and reasons of creation are mentioned in the beginning, while next section concerns principles of BPEL. Following part describes the version of BPEL called BPEL4WS. Specification of its structure is a main primer for comparison with the latest version named WS-BPEL. The major changes are mentioned in this section. The last chapter is devoted to practical comparison of standards mentioned above. At first, there is created a sample process, based on real situation. The process contains the most important parts of BPEL language. Afterwards, the process is divided into parts, where each of them represents one activity. During description of these parts there is made the above mentioned comparison. The end of the practical part contains main conclusions that were found in this chapter.

Service-orientation and the underlying concept of service-oriented architectures are a means to successfully address the need for flexibility and interoperability of software applications, which in turn leads to improved IT support of business processes. With a growing level of diffusion, sophistication and maturity, the number of services and interdependencies is gradually rising. This increasingly requires companies to implement a systematic management of services along their entire lifecycle. Service lifecycle management (SLM), i.e., the management of services from the initiating idea to their disposal, is becoming a crucial success factor. Not surprisingly, the academic and practice communities increasingly postulate comprehensive IT support for SLM to counteract the inherent complexity. The topic is still in its infancy, with no comprehensive models available that help evaluating and designing IT support in SLM. This thesis presents a reference architecture for SLM and applies it to the evaluation and designing of SLM IT support in companies. The artifact, which largely resulted from consortium research efforts, draws from an extensive analysis of existing SLM applications, case studies, focus group discussions, bilateral interviews and existing literature. Formal procedure models and a configuration terminology allow adapting and applying the reference architecture to a company’s individual setting. Corresponding usage examples prove its applicability and demonstrate the arising benefits within various SLM IT support design and evaluation tasks. A statistical analysis of the knowledge embodied within the reference data leads to novel, highly significant findings. For example, contemporary standard applications do not yet emphasize the lifecycle concept but rather tend to focus on small parts of the lifecycle, especially on service operation. This forces user companies either into a best-of-breed or a custom-development strategy if they are to implement integrated IT support for their SLM activities. SLM software vendors and internal software development units need to undergo a paradigm shift in order to better reflect the numerous interdependencies and increasing intertwining within services’ lifecycles. The SLM architecture is a first step towards achieving this goal.:Content Overview List of Figures....................................................................................... xi List of Tables ...................................................................................... xiv List of Abbreviations.......................................................................xviii 1 Introduction .................................................................................... 1 2 Foundations ................................................................................... 13 3 Architecture Structure and Strategy Layer .............................. 57 4 Process Layer ................................................................................ 75 5 Information Systems Layer ....................................................... 103 6 Architecture Application and Extension ................................. 137 7 Results, Evaluation and Outlook .............................................. 195 Appendix ..........................................................................................203 References .......................................................................................... 463 Curriculum Vitae.............................................................................. 498 Bibliographic Data............................................................................ 499

Les spécificités du secteur de la construction engendrent un contexte de travail coopératif que nous pouvons qualifier d'incertain par nature. L'activité de chantier se caractérise par un mode de production in situ. Dès lors, nombreux sont les dysfonctionnements qui peuvent apparaître. Nous citerons, par exemple, les problèmes liés à la nature du sol, aux intempéries ou encore ceux qui sont propres aux interactions entre les intervenants (ex. fourniture en matériaux, interfaces entre les corps de métier...). Aussi, la coordination repose sur un mélange subtil entre interactions implicites et explicites, où l'organisation prend de multiples configurations (hiérarchique, adhocratique ou transversale), et où la qualité du processus collectif repose sur l'autonomie et le sens des responsabilités de chacun des intervenants. Nous faisons l'hypothèse qu'un tel contexte est largement fondé sur la notion de confiance, car celle-ci a la capacité de réduire la perception du risque et de permettre l'action dans un environnement marqué par de nombreuses incertitudes. En conséquence, nous suggérons un rapprochement entre les outils d'assistance à la coordination et la notion de confiance, et nous proposons une nouvelle approche du pilotage de l'activité collective à partir de la représentation de la confiance. Ce travail de doctorat se structure autour de la notion de «confiance dans le bon déroulement de l'activité». Nous suggérons que celle-ci est dépendante de chacune des dimensions de l'activité collective : sa progression, les acteurs chargés de son exécution, les ouvrages en résultant (et leur difficulté de mise en œuvre), ainsi que les documents nécessaires à sa réalisation. Aussi, notre méthode consiste d'abord en l'identification des divers critères de confiance, consolidés par une étude de terrain. Puis, nous établissons un modèle mathématique destiné à évaluer cette confiance à partir des informations issues d'un contexte de coopération. Sur base de ces éléments, s'en suit la proposition d'un prototype dénommé Bat'iTrust, reposant sur une architecture logicielle multi-vues et orientée services. Pour l'utilisateur, la navigation au sein de ce prototype est guidée par un tableau de bord centré sur le concept de confiance. Enfin, la validation de cette proposition repose sur des enquêtes et une phase d'expérimentation qui nous ont permis de confronter nos résultats à des sujets expérimentaux représentatifs du domaine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3245_1.pdf: 1745357 bytes, checksum: 69355571b9b350b5663bdd9a8e5c0ba3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Tribunal de Contas de Pernambuco / A pressão pela melhoria dos mecanismos de controle e de transparência vem demandando a modernização das técnicas de auditoria. Nesta busca, os recursos de Tecnologia da Informação têm se mostrado os principais aliados, utilizados cada vez em maior escala, e cada vez mais sofisticados. Neste aspecto, a utilização da chamada Auditoria Contínua (AC) é um dos principais avanços em curso na iniciativa privada. Voltada para análise de dados em formato eletrônico, a abordagem vem sendo cada vez mais adotada, impulsionada pelo crescimento das transações sem papel e por imposições legais, como o ato Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) de 2002 que procura garantir que as empresas possuam mecanismos de controles confiáveis, reforçando sua governança e transparência como meio de recuperar a credibilidade dos investidores após escândalos financeiros envolvendo grandes corporações americanas. Recentes alterações na legislação brasileira criam obrigações de transparência para o setor público que são semelhantes às criadas pelo ato SOX. A mudança determina que as informações relativas à execução orçamentária e financeira dos entes públicos sejam publicadas em tempo real. Com a mudança, surgem as condições para que os Tribunais de Contas (TCs) utilizem abordagens de AC para fiscalizar a aplicação dos recursos públicos em tempo real. Os modelos proposto para AC são voltados para o setor privado, e muitas vezes para o controle interno. O presente trabalho visa investigar um modelo de AC apropriado ao papel dos TCs no exercício do controle externo. Com esta atualização tecnológica as Cortes de Contas podem avançar muito no nível de efetividade da sua atuação, gerando melhores resultados para a sociedade e benefícios para o setor público brasileiro como um todo. Como resultado da investigação foi construído um modelo de Ambiente de AC para TCs. A proposta descreve as instituições participantes do ambiente e seus papéis; a arquitetura tecnológica que suporta o funcionamento do ambiente; e o desenho dos principais processos do ambiente. Adicionalmente, apresenta-se alguns cenários de evolução e sugestão de critérios para planejamento do ambiente, bem como os benefícios que a abordagem pode trazer

L’activité de chantier se caractérise par un mode de production in situ. Dès lors, nombreux sont les dysfonctionnements qui peuvent apparaître. La coordination du chantier repose sur un mélange subtil entre interactions implicites et explicites, où l’organisation prend de multiples configurations (hiérarchique, adhocratique ou transversale), et où la qualité du processus collectif repose sur l’autonomie et le sens des responsabilités de chacun des intervenants. Nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’un tel contexte est largement fondé sur la notion de confiance, car celle-ci a la capacité de réduire la perception du risque et de permettre l’action dans un environnement incertain. En conséquence, nous suggérons un rapprochement entre les outils d’assistance à la coordination et la notion de confiance, et nous proposons une nouvelle approche du pilotage de l’activité collective à partir de la représentation de la confiance. Ce travail de doctorat se structure autour de la notion de « confiance dans le bon déroulement de l’activité ». Notre méthode consiste d’abord en l’identification des divers critères de confiance, consolidés par une étude de terrain. Puis, nous établissons un modèle mathématique destiné à évaluer cette confiance à partir des informations issues d’un contexte de coopération. Sur base de ces éléments, s’en suit la proposition d’un prototype dénommé Bat’iTrust. La navigation au sein de ce prototype est guidée par un tableau de bord centré sur le concept de confiance. Enfin, la validation de cette proposition repose sur des enquêtes et une phase d’expérimentation qui nous ont permis de confronter nos résultats à des sujets expérimentaux représentatifs du domaine / The building construction is an “on-site” production activity. Therefore numerous dysfunctions can appear during the activity. The coordination of building construction depends on a subtle combination between explicit vs. implicit interactions, where organization takes various forms (i.e. hierarchic, adhocratic and transversal). Quality of the collective process is thus largely dependent on autonomy capability and responsibility sharing of each of the involved actors. Our hypothesis is that such a collective context is mainly based on the notion of trust. Indeed trust has the capability to reduce the perception of risk and to enable action in uncertain environments. Consequently, we suggest applying trust notion to the issue of design of cooperation support tools, towards a new vision of collective activity management based on trust representation. This Ph.D. research introduces the notion of “trust in the good progress of the activity”. Our methodology consists firstly in identifying the various trust criterions that we validate through a terrain survey. Secondly we establish a mathematical model aiming at evaluating trust level based on cooperation context information. Then the proposition suggests a prototype tool, called Bat’iTrust. User-navigation inside the prototype is guided by a dashboard view centred on the trust concept. Finally the validation is assessed through both surveys and an experimentation stage. These ones allow us to confront our results to experimenters subjects representative of the construction domain

Pour faire face aux enjeux d’une économie mondialisée, aux fluctuations du marché et aux changements de la demande (personnalisation massive, qualité…), les entreprises recourent de plus en plus aux stratégies de collaboration et d’organisation en réseau et adoptent des stratégies orientées « produit/service ». Cette tendance est renforcée par le développement des applications du Web 2.0 (voire 3.0?) et l’adoption d’architectures orientées services permettant d’augmenter l’interopérabilité et l’agilité des systèmes d’information. En outre, les possibilités offertes par le Cloud Computing permet de rendre le déploiement plus flexible. En parallèle, le développement de stratégies industrielles comme le « lean manufacturing » et le 6-Sigmas permet d’améliorer les procédés, l’organisation industrielle elle-même et la qualité des produits. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de coupler la vision « industrielle » à la vision « système d’information » traditionnelle pour permettre de mettre en place un modèle de services industriels composables, orchestrables et « gouvernables ». Pour cela, nous proposons de mettre en place une architecxture de gouvernance globale « connectant » les différentes couches du système (métier/industriel, service, plateforme et infrastructure), permettant d’améliorer la gouvernance du système globale (en évitant les incohérences liées à une prise en compte et une optimisation « isolée » des différents facteurs de performance) tant au niveau organisationnel que technologique. Ceci pourrait permettre d’améliorer les performances tant au niveau « métier » que « technologique », augmenter l’agilité du système et supporter plus efficacement les stratégies de collaboration en développant une approche basée sur la sélection / composition / orchestration de services métier industriels. / Due to the renewed globalised economical environment and the market evolution (mass customization, sustainability requirements…) the call for developing product-service strategy becomes a major stake, leading industrial companies to set collaborative business organizations and develop business services. This trend has been favored by the large-scale IT environment provided by the web 2.0 and by the development of interoperable and rather agile IT technologies based on services leading to SOA-based information systems reorganization. At the same time, lean and six sigma theories have also been used in industries to improve the industrial process itself so that profitability, quality and reputation are increased. As a new economical and technical model, Cloud Computing has generated a tremendous amount of interest and excitement in recent years as it gives a new and useful way to address IT challenges To achieve the primary goals of these technologies, concepts and models, an efficient industrial organization governance method is necessary. We propose a flexible, efficient, low cost monitoring strategy, it can couple the different layers of economic ecosystem (including business strategies, business/industrial/IT services, execution platforms and infrastructure means) it can overcome existing industrial governance architectures’ limits (most of them are rather “fixed” and lack agility, overall perspective governance as they have unilateral perspective), and it could drive the industry towards better practices, improve ability of enterprises to cope with changes from both a technical and an organizational point of view, as well as reinforce external and internal collaborative work of enterprises.

The aim of the thesis is to design a web services architecture that shall support the automatic determination of a personalised sensor-system, which is embedded in smart garments, and which shall be used in self-care in order to allow a profane user to record himself a personal electrocardiogram (ECG), at anytime and anywhere. The main challenge consists in the intelligent and dynamic orchestration of context-aware business services that supply the user with an optimal personalised solution, while mastering the system's complexity: context dependent user and system interactions, knowledge extraction from subject-specific vital signs, services reconfiguration automation. The solution to this challenge is to create an Ambient Intelligence which goes beyond Ubiquitous Computing and is capable to replace an expert by proposing an Intelligent Assistance to any citizen. We propose a methodology expressed in terms of Data and Model driven Service Oriented Architecture (DM-SOA), which provides a framework for the production of context-aware intelligent business services. This architecture supports the automation of sophisticated and personalised expert activities, which apply professional knowledge to process an individual case. The proposed solution is based on a new dynamic business process modelling approach and in its implementation via automatically reconfigurable services. It consists in setting-up an intelligent environment based on a business process ontology of context-aware concepts and on related context handling rules for services orchestration. A core-ontology has been designed to support the automation of expert activities related to decision-making. The soundness of the method and of the underlying decision-making techniques has been demonstrated in the cardiology domain for selecting the most adequate subject-specific sensor-system, characterised by its ability to yield for an ECG signal of similar diagnostic content than a standard 12-lead ECG. We propose the design of a new three modalities sensor-system prototype as a response to the need of sensor-systems used on demand in self-care situations and ensuring diagnostic quality signals recordings. This prototype has been tested on a set of healthy volunteers presenting various characteristics in age, sex and morphology. In this context, Ambient Intelligence is demonstrated as an ensemble of professional quality services ready to use by profane users. These services are accessible pervasively, trough the objects people work with / wear on / use each day, and provide an appropriate guidance to the non-competent users. Such an Ambient Intelligence approach strongly supports the vision of an Information Society which corresponds to the long-term goal of the EU Information Society Technologies Research Programme that aims to ease knowledge access. The future healthcare will benefit from this approach and will significantly improve patient care.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Wagner Elvio.pdf: 4463476 bytes, checksum: 4fda2686652d403cd2641f98f3b51575 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-10 / The antivirus system and firewall are protection systems designed to prevent malicious work in the network, thus constituting a barrier to invaders (e.g. vírus, worms e hackers). However, there is no guarantee a full protection to network and computers, invasions can occur by exploiting vulnerabilities, known, and allow running programs remotely, changing privileges within the system and the dissemination of important information. In this case, Intrusion Detection System IDS (Intrusion Detection System) allows the detection of intrusions and subsequent notification to the network administrator or, in conjunction with the firewall blocks the port used in the invasion or the IP address of the attacker. An important factor for the intrusion detection is the quality of subscriber base. However IDS systems are isolated systems and the interoperability among different vendors IDS is complex and difficult to implement. Existing IDS systems in the literature, including the IDS NIDIA (Instrusion-Detection System Network Intrusion Detection System based on Intelligent Agents) are isolated systems, are not easily reused. Generally, they communicate using different protocols and are designed with different programming paradigms. In this work it is proposed an architecture based on the philosophy SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) to support interoperability between IDS systems. The IDS-NIDIA will be adapted and extended according to the SOA philosophy, containing layers of web services in order to provide a static service composition between the layers of the application and reuse of information with other IDS s. / Os sistemas antivírus e firewall são sistemas de proteção que visam impedir a execução de ações maléficas na rede, constituindo, portanto, uma barreira aos invasores (e.g.vírus, worms e hackers). Entretanto, não há como garantir uma proteção total da rede e dos computadores, podendo ocorrer invasões através da exploração de vulnerabilidades, já conhecidas, que permitem a execução de programas remotamente, a alteração de privilégios dentro do sistema e a divulgação de informações importantes. Neste caso, o Sistema de Detecção de Intrusão-IDS(Intrusion Detection System) permite a detecção de intrusões e a consequente notificação ao administrador da rede ou, em conjunto com o firewall, bloqueia a porta utilizada na invasão ou o endereço IP do atacante. Um fator importante para a detecção de intrusões é a qualidade da base de assinaturas. Entretanto os sistemas IDS são sistemas isolados e a interoperabilidade entre IDS de fornecedores diferentes é complexa e de difícil implementação. Os sistemas IDS existentes na literatura, incluindo o IDS-NIDIA (Instrusion Detection System- Network Intrusion Detection System based on Intelligent Agents), são sistemas isolados, não são facilmente reutilizados. Geralmente, estes se comunicam utilizando diferentes protocolos e são criados com paradigmas de programação diferentes. É proposta uma arquitetura baseado na filosofia SOA (Service Oriented Architecture ) para suportar a interoperabilidade entre sistemas IDS. O sistema IDS-NIDIA será adaptado e estendido de acordo com esta filosofia SOA, contendo camadas de serviços web com o propósito de oferecer uma composição de serviço estática entre as camadas de aplicação e o reuso de informações com outros IDS s.

Teleworking is the key to a more flexible design of working time and places of work. To reach the flexibility for working anywhere and anytime a virtual working environment is needed which is reached from any place having a browser and internet access, at home, on the road or in the office. The goal of our activities is to develop a set of technologies fitting in the web architecture in order to bring teleworking applications to their full potential. Our new concept is to combine different web services in a new integrated man-machine environment that enables access to all necessary services. So it will be easier for the teleworker to handle the different applications and techniques. The teleworking portal provides them access to various resources: office applications, multimedia objects and documents, communication tools such as email and conferences, collaboration and group work systems or educational software and training tools. In order to promote interoperability and extensibility among these applications, as well as to allow them to be combined to perform more complex operations, a standard reference architecture for such services is needed. Consequently our approach is based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the web service technology. / Telearbeit ist der Schlüssel zu einer flexibleren Arbeitsplatz- und Arbeitszeitgestaltung und eröffnet vielfältige Möglichkeiten und ökonomische Potentiale. Nach zahlreichen Kontroversen über die Vor- und Nachteile haben vor allem die Entwicklung kostengünstiger Informations- und Kommunikationstechniken, aber auch der Handlungsdruck einer zunehmend globalisierten Wirtschaft das Thema Telearbeit in den letzten Jahren neu belebt. Im Rahmen vorangegangener Projekte wurden vielfältige Forschungen zum Thema Telearbeit durchgeführt. Bei der bisherigen Umsetzung von Telearbeit in der Praxis ergaben sich vor allem Probleme im Umgang mit den verschiedenen Arbeitsumgebungen im Büro und am Telearbeitsplatz und dem Abgleich der Arbeitsstände und -ergebnisse. Ziel der Arbeit ist die prototypische Entwicklung einer webbasierten, flexiblen und modular aufgebauten Arbeitsumgebung, die eine effektive Anpassung an die Arbeitsweise des jeweiligen Telearbeiters und Unternehmens ermöglicht. Dabei wurde neben der Definition und Anforderungsanalyse von Telearbeit ein Architekturmodell für eine integrierte Arbeitsumgebung entworfen. Durch die umgesetzte Bausteinarchitektur wird eine flexible Anpassung der Umgebung an die Bedürfnisse der Telearbeiter und der Unternehmen erreicht. Weiterhin werden im Rahmen der Arbeit existierende Ansätze zur Unterstützung von Telearbeit analysiert und klassifiziert, um die eigene Arbeit abzugrenzen. Zur praktischen Umsetzung des Konzeptes wurden vorhandene internetbasierte Protokolle auf ihre Nutzbarkeit für Telearbeitsumgebungen untersucht. Als sehr gut geeignete und innovative Technologien erwiesen sich die Web Services. Deshalb werden die Basisprotokolle und grundlegenden Technologien für Web-Service-Lösungen im Rahmen der Arbeit spezifiziert und auf ihre Nutzbarkeit im Telearbeitskontext untersucht. Abschließend erfolgte eine prototypische Umsetzung der vorgeschlagenen Lösung und eine Validierung in verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien, um die Praxistauglichkeit des Konzeptes nachweisen zu können.