Recent policy changes have created a new era of refugee resettlement in Australia. As a result of the introduction of the onshore refugee program, a two-tier resettlement assistance system has developed. This system differentiates between refugees who have been issued protection visas offshore and onshore, and provides considerably less resettlement assistance to onshore-visaed refugees with Temporary Protection Visa (TPVs). The exclusion of TPV holders from resettlement assistance programs and the temporary nature of the visa has prompted this comparative study of the resettlement experiences of two groups of recently arrived refugees. This thesis considers the experiences of recently arrived refugees within the economic, social, cultural and political spheres of resettlement, in order to develop a deeper understanding of the inter-related nature of the resettlement process and the impact of visa category on the integration of refugees in contemporary Australia. Kuhlman’s (1991) model of refugee resettlement, and definition of integration form the basis of the theoretical framework of the thesis. A multiple method approach has been applied to the study and data from the second cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA) was analysed to present a macro level understanding of the resettlement experiences of recent arrivals in Australia. In Adelaide, interviews with key informants and service providers were undertaken in conjunction with a series of in-depth interviews with 10 Sudanese offshore-visaed Humanitarian entrants and 9 Iraqi onshore-visaed refugees, to provide detailed descriptions of the resettlement experience. While the resettlement process is found to be difficult for all refugees, the TPV policy acts to compound the problems and disadvantages refugees face in resettlement. Under these circumstances it is found that TPV holders experience social exclusion during their early resettlement in Australia. The importance of host-related factors on the resettlement experience are therefore found to be extremely relevant in contemporary Australian refugee resettlement. Policies regarding visa conditions, and refugees’ eligibility for resettlement assistance have a significant impact in all spheres of the resettlement process. These findings suggest that the influence of host society policies must be accorded more weight in theories of resettlement, given their ability to extensively influence the resettlement process. Further this thesis presents substantial evidence against the TPV policy and recommends that temporary protection in Australia be reviewed, in order to ensure the social inclusion and successful integration of future refugee arrivals. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1277761 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2007

This study employed qualitative research methodology informed by the grounded theory tradition to explore good practice and optimal services for young people presenting with complex care needs associated with challenging or high risk behaviour. In-depth interviews were conducted in three waves of data collection and analysis with fourteen experienced practitioners whose careers have included sustained periods of work with this group in a number of selected Victorian service systems. The principal vantage point was the interface between the supported accommodation and assistance programs for homeless young people, statutory child protection and care, placement and support programs for young people at risk and juvenile justice programs for young offenders. The nature of the problem necessarily included some consideration of mental health and services dealing with substance abuse. The findings propose a view of good practice giving emphasis to the accessible and assertive presence of a responsible adult to �be there� fostering relationships and skilled purposive intervention. Intervention should be planned, holistic, sensitive and responsive to particular needs. It provides active unconditional care. It attends to attachment and trauma concerns and works with short run goals and a long term perspective. Intervention is sustained until constructive disengagement can occur. The complexity and challenge in the task of helping hurt youth warrants the support, strength and guidance of a multi-skilled team. Ideally the team will be described using normative terms. Optimal services are timely, congruent, seamless and robust in capacity to nurture, establish boundaries and meet developmental and therapeutic requirements. They should be connected to a community and there for as long as it takes, with ready access to suitable accommodation, purchasing power and flexibility of operation. To the greatest extent possible solutions are generated in the place where help is sought. Voluntary service commitment lasts till personal capacity and natural networks take over.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-32).

Salonen (2012a) skriver att Sverige är ett av världens rikaste länder där välståndet har ökat. I samma veva som välståndet har ökat har även klyftorna mellan rika och fattiga ökat och därmed har siffran gällande barnfattigdom stigit (Salonen 2012a). Syftet med studien är att undersöka och beskriva hur fem aktörer inom den ideella sektorn definierar begreppet barnfattigdom. Målet är att identifiera och förstå hur organisationer arbetar med att förbättra barnens livssituation. Våra tre forskningsfrågor är: Hur definierar aktörerna barnfattigdom i sin yrkesroll? Vilka problem kring barnfattigdom har aktörerna identifierat? Hur beskriver aktörerna sitt arbete mot barnfattigdom och på vilket sätt kan de förbättra sitt arbete? Vi har valt att använda oss av empowerment teorin för att våra informanter beskriver att deras arbete till mycket handlar om att stödja och stärka individer som lever i en utsatt situation. Genom detta arbete försöker man skapa en grund för barnens rätt att delta på samma villkor. Den andra teorin vi har valt är organisationsteori som beskriver att organisationer anpassar sig utifrån det omgivningen behöver och intresset av ömsesidiga och kulturella band mellan organisation och omgivning är centralt. Vi har utgått från en kvalitativ vetenskaplig metod där studien är uppbyggd på en empirisk studie grundad på intervjuer. Intervjuerna gjordes med tio informanter från organisationerna: Rädda Barnen, Majblomman, Svenska kyrkan, Frälsningsarmén och Stadsmissionen. Frågorna utgick ifrån vilken uppfattning de har kring barnfattigdom i Stockholm och hur deras arbete och problemidentifiering kring barfattigdom såg ut. Resultatet från vår studie visar att informanterna upplever att barnfattigdom finns i Stockholm, men dem definierar det på olika sätt. Alla våra informanter upplever många gånger samma problem kring barnfattigdom. De berättar att det finns olika problemområden och lyfter fram den problematik de själva har sett. Våra informanter berättar främst om det utanförskap som uppstår, vidare berättar de även om andra problemområden inom barnfattigdom. De lyfter fram att flera organisationer måste arbeta med påtryckningar och opinionsbildning för att påverka dagens politiker och göra allmänheten medvetna om barnfattigdomen i Sverige. / Salonen (2012a) writes that Sweden is one of the richest countries where the wealth has increased. In the same time while prosperity has increased, the gap between rich and poor people has increased and the figure of child poverty has risen. The study aims to explore and describe how five actors in the nonprofit sector define the definition of child poverty and to identify and understand how organizations are working to improve children's lives. Our three research questions are: How do the actors define child poverty as professionals? What problems around child poverty have the actors identified? How do they describe the work against child poverty and how can they work to improve their work against child poverty? We have chosen to use the theory of empowerment because our informants describe their work about supporting individuals living in a vulnerable situation and are working to enable children to participate on an equal basis by strengthening children. The second theory we have chosen is the organizational theory that describes that the organizations adapt, based on the needs and environment of mutual interest and cultural ties between organization and environment. We have used a qualitative research method in which the study has been based on an empirical study, based on interviews. Our interviews were conducted with ten informants from the organizations: Save the Children, Mayflower, Swedish Church, the Salvation Army and the City Mission. The questions were based on what perception they have about child poverty in Stockholm and how their work and problem identification around child poverty looked like. The result of our study shows that respondents perceive the fact that there exists child poverty in Stockholm, but the definitions vary. Many times all of our informants see the same problems around child poverty. They tell us that there are various problem areas and highlight the problems they have seen themselves. All of our informants tell us about the alienation that occurs, further they explain the other areas of concern about child poverty. They also told us that more organizations need to work with pressure and advocacy to influence today's politicians and make an awareness of child poverty in Sweden.

Orientador: Raul Borges Guimarães / Banca: Eliseu Savério Sposito / Banca: Marcelino de Andrade Gonçalves / Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo central a análise das redes de solidariedade e estratégias de sobrevivências das famílias moradoras de áreas de exclusão social da cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP. Para isto, procurou-se captar as características dos perfis de famílias com chefes desempregados e identificar os problemas sociais e as necessidades em saúde, no contexto do atual período técnico-científico e informacional. Torna-se impossível entender esta prática espacial denominada exclusão social se a considerarmos apenas como um recorte analítico da realidade. É por este motivo que fizemos uma geografia dos usos do território e das suas relações com a temática dos processos excludentes. Fez-se necessário, então, um método que entendesse o espaço geográfico enquanto um todo em movimento, na busca por uma compreensão das relações entre território e exclusão. Os estudos das redes sociais se mostraram como uma ferramenta de fundamental importância, tanto por suas potencialidades, quanto por suas limitações enquanto instrumento de representação do espaço geográfico. Nesta reflexão, alguns conceitos e autores aparecem com contribuições fundamentais, dentre eles o de território usado e solidariedades geográficas, desenvolvido por Milton Santos. Conclui-se que a exclusão social urbana é uma questão de caráter muito mais político que propriamente técnico, e que os processos excludentes em Presidente Prudente-SP são frutos dos usos corporativos do território e das escolhas históricas feitas por esta cidade e pela formação sócio-espacial na qual está inserida. / Abstract: The prime objective of this dissertation has the analysis of solidarity nets and strategies of survival of the living families of areas of social exclusion of the city of Presidente Prudente- SP. For this, it was looked for catching the characteristics of the profiles of families with dismissed heads and to identify to the social problems and the necessities in health, in the context of the current technician-scientific and informational period. It's impossible to understand this practical space called social exclusion if only to consider as an analytical clipping of the reality. It is for this reason that we made a kind of geography of the uses of the territory and its relations with the thematic of the exculpatory processes. It has been necessary, then, a method that understood the geographical space as a whole one in movement, in the search for an understanding of the relations between territory and exclusion. The studies of the social nets are a tool of basic importance, as much for its potentialities, how much for its limitations while instrument of representation of the geographical space. In this reflection, some concepts and authors appear with basic contributions, among them, one of used territory and geographic solidarities, developed for Milton Santos. It has been concluded that the that the urban social exclusion is a character question much more politician than properly technician, and that the exculpatory processes in Presidente Prudente-SP are somethings wich have their origins of the corporative uses of the territory and of the historical choices made by this city and the partner-space formation in which is inserted. / Mestre

Orientador: Raul Borges Guimarães / Banca: Paulo Fernando Cirino Mourão / Banca: Artur Magon Whitacker / Nesta dissertação pautamos em verificar a precarização territorial produzida com a produção do espaço urbano que acentuou a exclusão social em Marília. O que se verificou com este estudo é que as centralidades criadas com a expansão territorial urbana dificultam a mobilidade e acessibilidade das pessoas residentes em áreas de exclusão social ao restante da cidade. Assim, buscamos analisar o aprofundamento do debate sobre os processos de exclusão social no âmbito do processo de urbanização das cidades médias brasileiras, tomando como recorte analítico a produção do espaço urbano de Marília. É na produção do espaço urbano que os processos sociais excludentes apresentam maior visibilidade, devido ao caráter concentrador e pelo fato dos arranjos espaciais que definem a cidade estarem ligados a processos de acumulação capitalista, que por sua vez, são seletivos e acentuam as desigualdades, criando diferenciações socioespaciais intraurbanas e representando em termos práticos a formação de territórios precários. Nesta perspectiva, entendemos que a produção do espaço urbano de Marília aumentou a diferenciação do espaço, propiciando a formação de territórios precários e atuando como um processo social excludente. / Abstract: In this work we want to verify the precarious territories produced with the urban space production that stands out the social exclusion in Marília. What was verified in this work is that the centralities created with the urban territorial expansion make it difficult the mobility and accessibility of dwellers in social exclusion areas in remain of the city. In this way, we try to analyze the discusses about the process of urbanization in Brazilian intermediate cities, taking as analytic approach the urban space production of Marília. It is in the urban space production that the social exclusion processes show most visibility. In this perspective, we understand that the urban space production in Marília increase the differentiation in the space, providing the formation of precarious territories e acting as a exculpatory social process. Key-words: production of urban space, social exclusion, intermediate city, social indicators, precarious territories, Marília. / Mestre

Worldwide, women face gender-based violence daily. Gender-based violence constitutes a growing problem in societies worldwide, and one in three women globally has experienced some sort of intimate partner violence, which is the most common form of gender-based violence. Femicides are the worst form of gender-based violence with a fatal outcome, and an issue of human rights, developmental issue, health issue, and societal issue. Latin America is the regions with one of the highest femicide rates in the world, and that is one reason for why the regions was chosen. There is a wide range of research done on the subject of femicides, however there is a scarcity on the subject of Latin American government responses and legislations, and how these impact the femicide rates in the region. This thesis will examine how government responses affect femicide rates in five selected countries; Costa Rica, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The study will be a qualitative comparative multi-case desk study analyzed through an abductive approach. The theory applied will be the social inclusion and exclusion theory to understand if policies are inclusive or exclusive, and if the nature of the legislations have an impact on the femicide rates. The main underlying causes of femicides are impunity, lack of political will, funding, and the machismo culture. The analysis suggests that the current femicide legislations are not of appropriate nature to curb femicides as they do not tackle the underlying causes of it.

This thesis deals with social support - any help provided to a man by other people (both laymen and profesionals). The thesis tries to describe, evaluate and analyse some negative aspects of social support provided to the Romanies who live in a socially excluded locations (considering the concrete situation in Písek) and suggest suitable measures how to improve it. Although this thesis is conceived as theoretical, for completion it contains views of social workers from Písek who provide social support to the Romanies, and in case reports, there are mapped social nets and experiences of small sample of the Roma residents from Písek´s socially excluded locations.

O presente estudo aborda a questão da cidadania organizacional, através da análise das práticas de gestão, em especial as de Gestão de Pessoas, de empresas certificadas socialmente pela Assembléia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). As práticas de gestão podem desencadear tanto um processo de inclusão como de exclusão social, mas se estas forem socialmente responsáveis, poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento da cidadania organizacional, segundo Melo Neto e Fróes (2001). Vale destacar que a responsabilidade social e a cidadania organizacional estão sendo tratadas como questões estratégicas no ambiente empresarial competitivo. E por essa razão, acredita-se que ao se destacar as práticas socialmente responsáveis das empresas certificadas possivelmente se estará estimulando o desenvolvimento destas em outras organizações. No caso, sabe-se que as organizações em estudo já atuam na área social, mas há possibilidade de qualificar suas ações neste campo. Desta forma, o estudo assumiu primeiramente o caráter exploratório descritivo, ao evidenciar o retrato de trinta organizações, por meio de levantamento tipo Survey. A maioria das pesquisadas é de empresas privadas nacionais, de grande porte, pertencente aos setores de indústria e serviços e com mais de 20 anos de atuação. Identificam-se as práticas de gestão destas organizações e é verificada a contribuição destas, de maneira geral, para o processo de inclusão social. Percebe-se também que as empresas, em sua maioria, declaram-se cidadãs. No entanto, algumas ainda privilegiam o assistencialismo em detrimento do auxílio à comunidade para que esta obtenha seus direitos sociais. Já que algumas têm esse perfil assistencialista, procurou-se, em um segundo momento, analisar uma organização que se destacasse das demais por seus projetos sociais e sua relação com os funcionários. O objetivo era que esta servisse de exemplo às outras para que estas possam qualificar suas ações. Assim, realizou-se um estudo de caso no Banco do Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com dois Analistas de Gestão de Pessoas e um da Superintendência Estadual, que tratam das questões sócio-ambientais do Banco. Além disso, foram aplicados 811 questionários aos funcionários de várias regiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e realizadas entrevistas com membros de uma comunidade beneficiada pela organização. Com isso, foi possível perceber que o Banco também pode buscar qualificar suas práticas socialmente responsáveis voltadas aos funcionários. Por fim, foram propostas ações para as organizações estudadas que podem possibilitar a adoção, a manutenção e o aprimoramento da cidadania organizacional e contribuir para a inclusão social no âmbito do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. / The present study is about organizational citizenship matter by analyzing management practices, especially the ones about Human Resources Management, in companies that were socially certified by Rio Grande do Sul State Congress (Brazil). Management practices can stimulate either a social inclusion process or exclusion one, but these practices, if socially responsible, will contribute to the organizational citizenship development, according to Melo Neto e Fróes (2001). It is important to state that social responsibility and organizational citizenship are being considered, in this paper, strategic points within the competitive business setting. Due to this, it is assured that while highlighting the socially responsible practices of the certified companies, the development of these practices will be stimulated in other organizations. In this case, it is known that the organizations analyzed in this study are already working in social areas, but there are possibilities of qualifying their actions in this field. Thus, this study presents at first, descriptive exploratory characteristics when describing thirty organizations through a Survey. Most of the analyzed companies are private, big , national ones, working in industrial production and services field for more than twenty years. This study identifies the management practices of these companies and verifies their contribution to the process of social inclusion. It is noticed that most of the enterprises define themselves as citizen companies. However, some of them are merely investing in aiding the communities, but not in helping these communities to obtain their social rights. Since some of the companies have this aiding profile, this study, in a second moment, analyzes one organization where social projects and company-staff relationship are remarkable. Using this description we aimed at stimulating other companies to qualify their actions. Banco do Brasil was presented as a case study where semi-structured interviews were carried out with two Human Resources Management Analysts and one person from the State Superintendence, all of them working with socio-environmental matters in the bank. Besides this, 811 interviews were carried out with employees from different regions of the state and with members of one beneficiary community. By getting this data it was possible to notice that this bank has to qualify its practices related to its employees. Finally, some actions were suggested to the studied organizations to ease the usage, continuity and improvement of their organizational citizenship and to contribute to social inclusion in Rio Grande do Sul state.

This thesis deals with the social exclusion of senior citizens living in retirement homes. Each year there is an increase in the number of senior citizens which results in larger necessity of social services of live-in facilities. These facilities provide senior citizens with complex care incl. accommodation and board. In these facilities certain factors can occur that could deepen social exclusion. The risk of social exclusion is going up if the autonomy of senior citizens is being restricted and their vital human needs are not respected. In the area of live-in services it is crucial to view every senior citizen as a unique human being in the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual context and tailor the care to their specific needs. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on objectification of the terms which are based on technical literature and are important for understanding the mentioned issues as well. The chapters address the issues of the ageing process and the old age, periodization of the old age, distinctive changes in the old age, autonomy in relation to the old age, social services for senior citizens in the legislative framework with detailed focus on retirement homes, social exclusion and economic, political and social dimension with regard to the old age. The last chapter of the theoretical part aims at the retirement home in which the research survey has been conducted. At the request of the management of the retirement home and with respect to the ethical aspects of the survey the name of the facility is not stated in this thesis, however, the name Retirement home XY is used. The goal of the empirical part of this thesis is to map the factors which influence social exclusion of senior citizens in the chosen retirement home. The empirical part is then focused on finding the answer to the main research question. Three partial research questions have been determined in order to answer the main research question. For obtaining the necessary data the strategy of qualitative research a surveying method including the technique of semi-structured interview has been selected. The semi-structured interview has been carried out with nine inhabitants of the Retirement home XY who have been chosen on the basis of criteria of quota intentional selection. Quotas for research surveys have been set as follows: The resident of the Retirement home XY who has lived there for the time period of at least 24 months, the resident of the Retirement home XY who draws care allowance in the I. or II. level and the willingness to cooperate. The gained data have been evaluated by the method of creation of clusters, namely on the grounds of the common traits/features. The final data is introduced in compliance with the particular partial research questions. As emerged from the research, communication partners with movement difficulties do not have any contact with the surrounding environment. There is a lack of walks in the neighborhood. It has also been discovered that there is a shortage of excursions. Communication partners see more leisure time. Furthermore, the research has shown that the amount of contact with the immediate family and extended family has decreased. In the area of finance they do not see any considerable changes though some communication partners cannot afford to pay for the whole stay. They seem to be content with the board, after the chef has been changed, only some communication partners would welcome to have their dinner at a later time. Out of means of transport they make use of ambulance car predominantly. They feel neither need to transport themselves anywhere nor run errands. They appreciate the availability of health care, however, a wish has emerged that the general practitioner would visit the Retirement home XY at least twice a week. The results of the empirical part serve as feedback for the management of the Retirement home XY and can contribute to the improvement of the quality of the provided services.