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Abstract The built environment is responsible for 40% of the global energy demand (1). To reduce building energy consumption, regulations are enhancing the appeal of sustainable constructions. Nevertheless, the rate of construction is low in most of developed countries. Efforts are to be made in existing buildings, namely in office buildings, which are statistically more energy-consuming than residential buildings (3). To conduct an adapted energy retrofitting, an energy audit can be realized as a pre-study. The first step is to realize an inventory of fixture of the building equipment. From that analysis, the building behavior and consumption are modeled with the help of dynamic simulation software. A comparison with the real life energy consumption guides the study to obtain a model close to reality. Energy retrofitting plans can then be created, based on this model and on the inventory of fixture phase. If technically adapted, each retrofitting solution is evaluated in terms of investment cost and energy savings. Building energy audits and recommendation phases are not unique and normalized procedures. More advanced and complex calculations and measurements can improve the result accuracy. Nevertheless, the introduced approach gives a first understanding of a building, by analyzing its strengths and its weaknesses. As a result, the proposed retrofitting solutions are suited to each specific building. This renovation plan can then be used as a first-decision making tool for the various stakeholders included in the retrofitting project. Abstract The built environment is responsible for 40% of the global energy demand (1). To reduce building energy consumption, regulations are enhancing the appeal of sustainable constructions. Nevertheless, the rate of construction is low in most of developed countries. Efforts are to be made in existing buildings, namely in office buildings, which are statistically more energy-consuming than residential buildings (3). To conduct an adapted energy retrofitting, an energy audit can be realized as a pre-study. The first step is to realize an inventory of fixture of the building equipment. From that analysis, the building behavior and consumption are modeled with the help of dynamic simulation software. A comparison with the real life energy consumption guides the study to obtain a model close to reality. Energy retrofitting plans can then be created, based on this model and on the inventory of fixture phase. If technically adapted, each retrofitting solution is evaluated in terms of investment cost and energy savings. Building energy audits and recommendation phases are not unique and normalized procedures. More advanced and complex calculations and measurements can improve the result accuracy. Nevertheless, the introduced approach gives a first understanding of a building, by analyzing its strengths and its weaknesses. As a result, the proposed retrofitting solutions are suited to each specific building. This renovation plan can then be used as a first-decision making tool for the various stakeholders included in the retrofitting project. Abstract The built environment is responsible for 40% of the global energy demand (1). To reduce building energy consumption, regulations are enhancing the appeal of sustainable constructions. Nevertheless, the rate of construction is low in most of developed countries. Efforts are to be made in existing buildings, namely in office buildings, which are statistically more energy-consuming than residential buildings (3). To conduct an adapted energy retrofitting, an energy audit can be realized as a pre-study. The first step is to realize an inventory of fixture of the building equipment. From that analysis, the building behavior and consumption are modeled with the help of dynamic simulation software. A comparison with the real life energy consumption guides the study to obtain a model close to reality. Energy retrofitting plans can then be created, based on this model and on the inventory of fixture phase. If technically adapted, each retrofitting solution is evaluated in terms of investment cost and energy savings. Building energy audits and recommendation phases are not unique and normalized procedures. More advanced and complex calculations and measurements can improve the result accuracy. Nevertheless, the introduced approach gives a first understanding of a building, by analyzing its strengths and its weaknesses. As a result, the proposed retrofitting solutions are suited to each specific building. This renovation plan can then be used as a first-decision making tool for the various stakeholders included in the retrofitting project.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23576号 / 工博第4931号 / 新制||工||1770(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科原子核工学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐々木 隆之, 教授 横峯 健彦, 准教授 小林 大志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly popular infrastructure protection options, particularly in coastal engineering. These systems have shown the ability to provide similar coastal protection services to traditional hard schemes while providing other ecological and economic benefits, and a capacity to adapt to changing contexts. One prominent example of coastal NBS are saltmarshes: fields of flexible or semi-flexible vegetation, which have been found to significantly reduce damage to local communities under daily and storm conditions. Scientific study of these complex, multi-faceted structures is growing in volume, but there remain many knowledge gaps in the field. Numerical modelling is a powerful tool for investigating both large- and small-scale behaviours of saltmarshes. Numerical models provide a controlled, repeatable, and easily variable method for testing how a marsh impacts local hydrodynamic climates and how incident flow or wave conditions affect the behaviour of their constitutive vegetation. Small-scale plant behaviour is the focus of this thesis. Literature on the subject has been chiefly limited to greatly simplified vegetation modelling, reducing plants' behaviour to that of straightforward rigid cylinders. While this can be effective, it requires significant calibration to measured data and may not provide an accurate picture of the intricate flow dynamics surrounding an individual plant, let alone a full marsh system. Recently, numerical models capable of modelling flexible structures have been developed and used by researchers. However, studies applying these tools have focussed on replicating the more significant hydrodynamic effects of marshes, such as mixing or wave attenuation. By doing so, the calibration requirements of the rigid-type models remain, and the way the plants themselves are modelled loses physical meaning beyond their hydrodynamic impacts. The work presented in this thesis aims to expand on current flexible plant modelling research by evaluating a new numerical modelling tool in the open-source software REEF3D for replicating in situ saltmarsh plant behaviour in terms of drag force and motion response to hydrodynamic forcing. Three experimental programs were designed and conducted in order to thoroughly evaluate both aspects of the model. The first, based on a flume study performed by Paul et al. (2016), tested the drag force response to regular wave action. The second, based on the work of Tschisgale & Fröhlich (2020), further investigated the drag force response using closed- and open-channel flow, as well as solitary waves. The third, based on a flume study performed with live vegetation by Markov et al. (2023), evaluated the accuracy of the motion response to irregular waves. Consistent through all three programs was an overestimation of the examined behaviour and, in the third case, persistent model breakdown. These results demonstrate that, as tested, the evaluated tool is unsuitable for this purpose. It is suggested that this is due to the foundational assumptions of the model, namely that the material of the flexible structure is of a linearly viscoelastic type, whereas a nonlinear elastic material would be more appropriate for this application. These results highlight the difficulty of numerically modelling these systems and the need for further research developing and applying practical modelling tools for marshes.

Most models for the spread of an invasive species into a new environment are based on Fisher's reaction-diffusion equation. They assume that habitat quality is independent of the presence or absence of the invading population. Ecosystem engineers are species that modify their environment to make it (more) suitable for them. A potentially more appropriate modeling approach for such an invasive species is to adapt the well-known Stefan problem of melting ice. Ahead of the front, the habitat is unsuitable for the species (the ice); behind the front, the habitat is suitable (the open water). The engineering action of the population moves the boundary ahead (the melting). This approach leads to a free boundary problem. In this thesis, we mathematically analyze a novel free-boundary model for the spread of ecosystem engineers that was recently derived from an individual random walk model. The Stefan condition for the moving boundary is replaced by a biologically derived two-sided condition that models the movement behavior of individuals at the boundary as well as the process by which the population moves the boundary to expand their territory. We first consider the model with logistic growth and study its well-posedness. We assign a convex functional to this problem so that the evolution system governed by this convex potential is exactly the system of evolution equations describing the above model. We then apply variational and fixed-point methods to deal with this free boundary problem and prove the existence of local in-time solutions. We next study traveling wave solutions of the model with the strong Allee growth function. We use phase plane analysis to find traveling wave solutions of different types and their corresponding existence range of speed for the model with an imposed speed of the moving boundary. We then find the speeds in those ranges at which the corresponding traveling wave follows the speed of the free boundary.

This report describes the development process of the Deutsche Bank Intro to Controls instructional training tool. This course utilizes a multi-faceted, blended approach, including web-based training, simulation, and instructor-led training components to teach complex banking operations. The report includes a literature review describing instructional theories, and strategies concerning the use of a blended approach in the training of complex systems and operations. The report also includes a description of the formative evaluation process and results. These results demonstrated a positive response to the content and instructional strategies employed in the training, as well as the need for future research to evaluate long-term effects of the training. Finally, the report contains a critique of the project, discussing its strengths, its weaknesses, and opportunities for future training projects.

In this thesis, I will study the qualitative properties of solutions of stochastic differential equations arising in applications by using the numerical methods. It contains two parts. In the first part, I will first review some of the basic theory of the stochastic calculus and the Ito-Taylor expansion for stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Then I will discuss some numerical schemes that come from the Ito-Taylor expansion including their order of convergence. In the second part, I will use some schemes to solve the stochastic Duffing equation, the stochastic Lorenz equation, the stochastic pendulum equation, and the stochastic equations which model the spread options.

Yes / Development of robust diagnostic solutions to monitor the health of systems and components to ensure through life cost effectiveness is often technically difficult, requiring an effective integration of design development with research and innovation. This paper presents a structured application of TRIZ and USIT (Unitied Structured Inventive Thinking) to generate concept solutions fur an in-service diagnostic system for a synchronous belt drive system for an automotive application. The systematic exploration through TRIZ and USIT methods has led to the development of six concept solution ideas directed at the functional requirement to determine the state or condition of the belt. The paper demonstrates that the combined deployment of TRIZ and USIT frameworks is a valuable approach addressing difficult design problems. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.

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