Esta tese de doutoramento tem o objetivo de identificar os padrões de organização espacial dos principais componentes da paisagem na Baixa Nhecolândia e analisar suas relações com as estruturas regionais e as dinâmicas hídricas. Para tanto, foram utilizados produtos de sensoriamento remoto e técnicas do geoprocessamento de imagens de satélites com bancos de dados georreferenciados dos elementos da área de estudo, além de procedimentos de controle de campo das informações levantadas. A Baixa Nhecolândia sofre influência da dinâmica das estruturas lineares aparentes nas serranias de seu entorno e, a partir de um estudo mais acurado, pode-se evidenciar no sutil relevo do Pantanal registros morfoestruturais correlacionados a esses lineamentos. Por outro lado, feições do relevo associadas a hidrodinâmica do Leque Aluvial do Rio Taquari distribuem-se na região, apresentando padrões de organização diferenciados das formas ligadas às morfoestruturas. Desta forma, os elementos da paisagem da Baixa Nhecolândia apresentam distribuição, padrão de organização espacial e formas resultantes, dentre outros, de 2 processos dinâmicos que são objetos desta tese: 1) processos estruturais regionais, 2) processos hidrodinâmicos do leque aluvial do rio Taquari. / The goal of this thesis is to identify the spatial organization patterns of the main landscape elements in the Baixa Nhecolândia and to analyze its relations with the regional structures and the hydrological dynamic. The products of remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques applied on the elements of the study area had been used, beyond procedures of information field control. The Baixa Nhecolândia suffers influences from the linear structures dynamics from its around and can be evidenced in the subtle relief of the Pantanal correlated to morphostructures evidences. Otherwise, reliefs forms associates to the hydrodynamics of the Aluvial Fan of the River Taquari, distributed in the region, presenting differentiated patterns of organization of the morfostructures forms. Them, the elements of the landscape of the Baixa Nhecolândia presents distribution resultant patterns of spatial organization and forms, amongst others, of 2 dynamic processes that are objects of this thesis: 1) regional structural processes, 2) hydrodynamic processes of the aluvial fan of the Taquari river.

Este trabalho diz respeito à redefinição do espaço local da praia de Jericoacoara, localizada no Estado do Ceará, em função de seu uso turístico, considerando a indiscutível capacidade que tem o turismo de gerar incidências significativas sobre os territórios dos quais se apropria. Assim, buscou-se apreender o processo de apropriação, consumo e transformação (no aspecto físico e humano) deste espaço pelo/para o turismo, basicamente no período compreendido desde sua transformação em APA (Área de Proteção Ambiental), em 1984, até os dias atuais. Uma premissa teórico-metodológica fundamental sobre a qual se assenta esta pesquisa é a de identificar e analisar os papéis dos agentes de produção de espaços para o turismo, sendo estes os próprios turistas (a presença dos mesmos define o lugar turístico, e toda a produção é direcionada às suas exigências), o mercado (representado pelo ramo empresarial da atividade turística), os planejadores e promotores territoriais (ou seja, o papel do Estado, através das Políticas Públicas de Turismo, Políticas Urbanas e Ambientais), além da comunidade receptora que, no caso de Jericoacoara, teve um papel significante na reivindicação do espaço para a reprodução da própria vida, ao contrário da sua produção somente enquanto valor de troca. / This work refers to the redefinition of the local space of Jericoacoara beach, located in the State of the Ceará, Brazil, related to its tourist use, considering the unquestionable capacity that has the tourism to generate significant incidences on the territories of which it appropriates. Thus, efforts were made to apprehend the process of appropriation, consumption and transformation (in the physical and human aspect) of this space by/to the tourism, basically in the period since its transformation in Area of Environment Protection, in 1984, until the current days. A theoretician-methodological basis premise on which it seats this research is to identify and to analyze the role of the agents of production of spaces for the tourism: the proper tourists (the presence of the same ones defines the tourist place, and all the production is directed to its requirements), the market (represented by the enterprise branch of the tourist activity), the territorial planners and promoters (that is, the role of the State, through the Public Politics of Tourism, Urban and Environment Politics), and also the local community that, in the case of Jericoacoara, had a significant role in the claim of the space for the reproduction of the proper life, in contrast of its production only while value of exchange.

Esta tese de doutoramento tem o objetivo de identificar os padrões de organização espacial dos principais componentes da paisagem na Baixa Nhecolândia e analisar suas relações com as estruturas regionais e as dinâmicas hídricas. Para tanto, foram utilizados produtos de sensoriamento remoto e técnicas do geoprocessamento de imagens de satélites com bancos de dados georreferenciados dos elementos da área de estudo, além de procedimentos de controle de campo das informações levantadas. A Baixa Nhecolândia sofre influência da dinâmica das estruturas lineares aparentes nas serranias de seu entorno e, a partir de um estudo mais acurado, pode-se evidenciar no sutil relevo do Pantanal registros morfoestruturais correlacionados a esses lineamentos. Por outro lado, feições do relevo associadas a hidrodinâmica do Leque Aluvial do Rio Taquari distribuem-se na região, apresentando padrões de organização diferenciados das formas ligadas às morfoestruturas. Desta forma, os elementos da paisagem da Baixa Nhecolândia apresentam distribuição, padrão de organização espacial e formas resultantes, dentre outros, de 2 processos dinâmicos que são objetos desta tese: 1) processos estruturais regionais, 2) processos hidrodinâmicos do leque aluvial do rio Taquari. / The goal of this thesis is to identify the spatial organization patterns of the main landscape elements in the Baixa Nhecolândia and to analyze its relations with the regional structures and the hydrological dynamic. The products of remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques applied on the elements of the study area had been used, beyond procedures of information field control. The Baixa Nhecolândia suffers influences from the linear structures dynamics from its around and can be evidenced in the subtle relief of the Pantanal correlated to morphostructures evidences. Otherwise, reliefs forms associates to the hydrodynamics of the Aluvial Fan of the River Taquari, distributed in the region, presenting differentiated patterns of organization of the morfostructures forms. Them, the elements of the landscape of the Baixa Nhecolândia presents distribution resultant patterns of spatial organization and forms, amongst others, of 2 dynamic processes that are objects of this thesis: 1) regional structural processes, 2) hydrodynamic processes of the aluvial fan of the Taquari river.

Este trabalho diz respeito à redefinição do espaço local da praia de Jericoacoara, localizada no Estado do Ceará, em função de seu uso turístico, considerando a indiscutível capacidade que tem o turismo de gerar incidências significativas sobre os territórios dos quais se apropria. Assim, buscou-se apreender o processo de apropriação, consumo e transformação (no aspecto físico e humano) deste espaço pelo/para o turismo, basicamente no período compreendido desde sua transformação em APA (Área de Proteção Ambiental), em 1984, até os dias atuais. Uma premissa teórico-metodológica fundamental sobre a qual se assenta esta pesquisa é a de identificar e analisar os papéis dos agentes de produção de espaços para o turismo, sendo estes os próprios turistas (a presença dos mesmos define o lugar turístico, e toda a produção é direcionada às suas exigências), o mercado (representado pelo ramo empresarial da atividade turística), os planejadores e promotores territoriais (ou seja, o papel do Estado, através das Políticas Públicas de Turismo, Políticas Urbanas e Ambientais), além da comunidade receptora que, no caso de Jericoacoara, teve um papel significante na reivindicação do espaço para a reprodução da própria vida, ao contrário da sua produção somente enquanto valor de troca. / This work refers to the redefinition of the local space of Jericoacoara beach, located in the State of the Ceará, Brazil, related to its tourist use, considering the unquestionable capacity that has the tourism to generate significant incidences on the territories of which it appropriates. Thus, efforts were made to apprehend the process of appropriation, consumption and transformation (in the physical and human aspect) of this space by/to the tourism, basically in the period since its transformation in Area of Environment Protection, in 1984, until the current days. A theoretician-methodological basis premise on which it seats this research is to identify and to analyze the role of the agents of production of spaces for the tourism: the proper tourists (the presence of the same ones defines the tourist place, and all the production is directed to its requirements), the market (represented by the enterprise branch of the tourist activity), the territorial planners and promoters (that is, the role of the State, through the Public Politics of Tourism, Urban and Environment Politics), and also the local community that, in the case of Jericoacoara, had a significant role in the claim of the space for the reproduction of the proper life, in contrast of its production only while value of exchange.

Esta dissertação discute como ocorreu o processo de industrialização recente da cidade de Sorocaba a partir da desconcentração industrial da capital paulista em direção ao interior do Estado de São Paulo. Frente a essa realidade que ocorre a partir da década de 1970, a cidade de Sorocaba se organizou para receber essas indústrias destinando uma área da cidade que chamou de Zona Industrial com a função de abrigá-las. Nessa zona, constituída pelos bairros do Éden, Cajurú do Sul e Aparecidinha, a presente dissertação analisa as transformações mais recentes que ocorreram no bairro do Éden caracterizando alguns de seus aspectos históricos, sua relação com os agentes públicos e com as atividades industriais desenvolvidas. O cotidiano da população é considerado como um aspecto relevante para compreender as transformações promovidas no espaço geográfico, tanto do bairro como do município, o que agrega não só as pretensões, os anseios da população local, bem como dos agentes públicos e privados, parceiros mais próximos em atingir a reprodução do capital em detrimento do bem estar social. / This dissertation discuss how the recent industrialization process of Sorocaba City coming from the desconcentration of the industrial capital of São Paulo toward the country side of this same State. Due to this reality that happens since the decade of 1970, the city of Sorocaba organized itself to receive these companies earmarking an area of the city that was called Industrial Zone with the function of placing them. In this zone, consisted by Éden, Cajurú do Sul and Aparecidinha, the following dissertation analysis the most recent transformations that happened in Éden neighborhood featuring some of the historical aspects, its relation with the public agents and with the industrial activities developed. The population everyday is considered as a relevant aspect to understand the changes occurred in the geographical space, not only of the neighborhood but of the municipality as well, which adds not only the pretensions, the local population wishes, and also the public and private agents, the closer partners to reach the capital reproduction in detriment of the social welfare.

Des premiers peuplements aux décennies qui suivent son indépendance, la région d'Antsiranana connaît des implantations humaines le long des côtes avec un arrière-pays peu peuplé, mettant en évidence une corrélation étroite entre la croissance urbaine et le développement des voies de communication et des transports. Le contraste est nettement marqué entre l'espace urbain et l'espace rural, tant au niveau des infrastructures, des moyens de communication et de l'accès aux services de l'État qu'au niveau du rapport à la modernité et au passé. Cependant, la réalité malgache est encore largement rurale et paysanne, ancrée dans le passé et l'autosubsistance. Le déséquilibre aigu entre les régions Diana et Sava qui marque la province d'Antsiranana est le fruit d'une dynamique migratoire, de siècles d'histoire où dominent les intérêts d'un pouvoir fort central, et de caractéristiques physiques d'un relief prononcé. Mais ces conditions ne suffisent pas à expliquer les différences, des facteurs sociologiques et économiques sont à considérer. Les enjeux régionaux restent l'identité culturelle, les ressources naturelles et financières et l'exercice du pouvoir, préoccupations éloignées des prochains grands enjeux économiques mondialisés. Madagascar se doit de trouver l'équilibre entre la mondialisation et ses valeurs intrinsèques où notamment la valeur de l'homme se définit par l'être et non par l'avoir. / During the first demographic settlements in the decades that followed her independence, the Antsiranana region witnessed human migrations along thinly-populated coastal areas, bringing about a close relationship between urban growth and the development of communication and transport routes. The contrast between the urban space and the rural setting is so distinctly marked in terms of infrastructure levels, communication means and the access to State services, as well as the relation to modernity and the past. In the meantime, the real Madagascan setting is still largely rural and backward, anchored to the past and self-subsistence. The harsh imbalance between the regions of Diana and Sava which highlights the province of Antsiranana is the evident outcome of physical features of a clear-cut terrain, a migratory impetus, and a centuries' history where a central power prevailed. Yet, these conditions do not suffice in explaining the differences and socio-economic factors to be examined. Regional gains lie in the cultural identity, natural and financial resources, and the exercise of power – remote concerns of coming globalized great economic stakes. Madagascar is to obtain a balnce between globalization and her intrinsic values where the human value should be defined as being something instead of having something.

Archaeologists have long noted the striking monumentality and large-scale efforts behind the Iron Age hilltop settlements. Yet, because of limited excavations, they represent a controversial part of the Migration Period society and much of their function remains hidden. This paper deals with questions concerning the inner organization and activities that took place within the Iron Age hilltop settlement at Runsa. The study is linked to the ongoing project ”Runsa fornborg –En befast centralplats i ostra Malardalen under folkvandringstid” which aims to investigate the socio-political functions of Runsa. In an attempt to establish a nuanced picture and distinguish space use within the hilltop settlement, a multi-variable approach is used. Alongside more traditional methods, element analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and lipid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is emphasized.

<p>The proper modification and trafficking of plasma membrane proteins are essential for normal neuronal function, such as dendrite morphogenesis, spine formation and synaptic plasticity. The secretory organelles including endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are critical for the trafficking of these molecules as shown in fibroblasts. Although these secretory organelles have been observed in neurons including dendritic branches, their spatial organization and function in protein trafficking, neuronal development and plasticity are not clear yet. Here, I used photobleaching and photoactivation approaches combined with electron microscopy to show that although rapidly diffusing within the continuous network of the somato-dendritic ER, membrane proteins such as nascent AMPA receptors are confined by ER spatial complexity. The spatial range of ER membrane protein mobility becomes progressively confined over neuronal development and is rapidly restricted by synaptic activity. Thus, constrained lateral mobility within the ER provides a novel mechanism for compartmentalized trafficking of nascent receptors throughout dendrites. I also identified an ER protein as a novel microtubule-associated protein regulating dendritic ER spatial complexity, neuronal dendrite elongation and spine formation. Together, these results describe the spatial organization of dendritic ER and its role in regulating membrane protein trafficking, neuronal morphogenesis and postsynaptic functions.</p> / Dissertation

Social insect workers can vary in terms of body size, space use, division of labor, and reproductive potential. Here, I begin to 'dissect' a social insect colony, using the bumble bee Bombus impatiens, to determine how this variation affects colony organization. I found that workers are spatially organized inside the nest and they remain at a specific distance from the colony center. Bees that feed larvae tend to remain in the center, whereas foragers are more often found on the periphery when not foraging. Smaller workers are more likely to feed larvae and incubate brood, and larger workers are more likely to fan or guard the nest. Still, workers perform multiple tasks throughout their life. The size of this task repertoire does not depend on body size or age. Furthermore, workers that remain further from the queen while inside the nest and avoid energy-expensive tasks during the ergonomic phase are more likely to reproduce by the end of the colony cycle. Inactive bees are not, however, defensive reserves. Although inactive bees increase their speed inside the nest when the nest was disturbed, they were not more likely to leave the nest (presumably to attack the simulated attacker) or switch to guarding behavior. This suggests that inactive bumble bees that remain farther from the queen may be storing fat reserves to later develop reproductive organs. Finally, I examined how within-group variation affects colony performance. I reduced variation in body size or temperature response thresholds by removing individuals from the colony with extreme phenotypes, and compared colony performance to colonies where random bees were removed. Colonies took longer to cool down the nest after bees were removed, but this effect was most striking when variation in temperature thresholds was reduced. Further, although larger bees are better at carrying items and are more likely to fan, the ability of colonies to perform undertaking behavior or thermoregulation was not affected when size variation was reduced. These studies provide evidence that (1) within-group variation affects colony organization and (2) variation among workers in their inherent tendencies to respond to stimuli positively affects colony performance.

Cultural patrimony or heritage is made of a set of ideas, objects of the naturallandscape,artistic creations, buildings, technologies, etc., that accumulate through time and are passed to the descendants of a place as their footprints. This heritage deserves to be studied from the geographical point of view because it is a very important factor to understand the differing ways of spatial organization even in homogeneous territories. Cultural heritage gives birth to identity feelings to places that people adopt as theirs. This lead them to group in different sets that may be studied at local, regional, nationaland international levels. / El patrimonio cultural o herencia está formado por el conjunto de ideas, objetos del paisaje natural, creaciones artísticas y construcciones, tecnologías, etc., que se acu­ mulan a lo largo del tiempo y que los pueblos reciben de sus antecesores como huella de su paso por un lugar dado. Esta herencia merece estudiarse desde el punto de vista geográfico por cuanto actúa como un factor importante para entender las formas de organización del espacio. La herencia cultural crea sentimientos de identidad con lugares que las gentes adoptan como suyos. Esto los lleva a agruparse y formar nú­cleos diferenciados que pueden estudiarse en escala local, regional, nacional, interna­cional.