Software deployment, eller mjukvarudistribution översatt till svenska kan ses som processen där alla aktiviteter ingår för att göra en mjukvara tillgänglig för användare utan en manuell installation på användarens dator eller annan maskin. Det finns ett flertal software deployment-verktyg, som hanterar automatiska installationer, tillgängliga för företag på marknaden idag.  Avdelningen HVDC på ABB i Ludvika har behov att börja använda ett verktyg för automatiserade installationer av mjukvaror då installationer idag utförs manuellt och är tidsödande. Som Microsoftpartners vill ABB se hur Microsofts verktyg för mjukvarudistribution skulle kunna hjälpa för detta behov.  Vår studie syftade till att undersöka hur arbetet med installationer av mjukvara ser ut idag, samt hitta förbättringsmöjligheter för installationer som inte kan automatiseras i nuläget. I studien ingick även att ta fram ett generellt ramverk för hur verksamheter kan gå tillväga när de vill börja använda sig utav software deployment-verktyg. I ramverket ingår en utformad kravspecifikation som ska utvärderas mot Microsofts verktyg.  För att skapa en uppfattning om hur arbetet i verksamheten ser ut idag har vi utfört enkätundersökning och intervjuer med personal på HVDC. För att utveckla ett ramverk har vi använt oss av insamlade data från de intervjuer, enkätundersökning och gruppintervju som utförts, detta för att identifiera krav och önskemål från personalen hos ett software deployment-verktyg. Litteraturstudier utfördes för att skapa en teoretisk referensram att utgå ifrån vid utvecklande av ramverket och kravspecifikationen.  Studien har resulterat i en beskrivning av software deployment, förbättringsmöjligheter i arbetet med installationer av mjukvara samt ett generellt ramverk som beskriver hur verksamheter kan gå tillväga när de ska börja använda ett software deployment-verktyg. Ramverket innehåller också en kravspecifikation som använts för att utvärdera Microsofts verktyg för mjukvarudistribution. I vår studie har vi inte sett att någon tidigare har tagit fram ett generellt ramverk och kravspecifikation som verksamheter kan använda sig av som underlag när de ska börja använda ett software deployment-verktyg. Vårt resultat av studien kan täcka upp detta kunskapsgap. / Software deployment can be seen as the process where all activities are included to make a software available to users without a manual installation on the user’s computer or other machine. There are several software deployment tools that manage automated installations available to enterprises on the market today. The department HVDC at ABB in Ludvika has needs of starting to use a tool for automated installations of software which currently is installed manually and is time consuming. As Microsoft partners ABB wants to see how Microsoft’s tool for software deployment could help for this need.  Our study aimed to investigate how the department´s work with installations of software looks like today and to find opportunities for improvement for installations that can’t be automated at this time. The study also includes to develop a general framework for how businesses can proceed when they want to start using a software deployment tool. The framework also includes a designed requirement specification that will be evaluated against Microsoft´s tool. To create an idea of how the work in the business looks like today, we have performed surveys and interviews with staff in HVDC. In order to develop a framework, we have used the data collected from the interviews, questionnaires and group interviews conducted to identify requirements and wishes from the staff of a software deployment tool. Literature studies were also conducted to create a theoretical framework to use when developing the framework and the requirement specification.  Our studies have resulted in a description of software deployment, opportunities for improvement in the work of software installations and a general framework that describes how businesses can proceed when they are about to start using a software deployment tool. The framework also provides a set of requirements that have used to evaluate Microsoft's tool for software distribution. In our study we have not seen that anyone before have developed a general framework and requirements specification that businesses can use as a basis when to start using a software deployment tool. Our results of the study can cover up this knowledge gap.

Currently, there is lack of effective and scalable methods to specify and ana-lyze requirements specifications, and verify the behavioral models of embed-ded systems. Most embedded systems requirements are expressed in naturallanguage which is flexible and intuitive but frequently ambiguous, vague andincomprehensive. Besides to natural language, template-based requirementsspecification methods are used to specify requirements specifications (esp. insafety-critical applications), which reduce ambiguity and improves the com-prehensibility of the specifications. However, the template-based method areusually rigid due to the fixed structures of the templates. They also lack meta-models for extensibility, and template selection is challenging.In this thesis, we proposed a domain specific language for embedded sys-tems, called ReSA, which is constrained natural language but flexible enoughto allow engineers to use different constructs to specify requirements. Thelanguage has formal semantics in proportional logic and description logic thatenables non-trivial and rigorous analysis of requirements specification, e.g.,consistency checking, completeness of specifications, etc.Moreover, we propose a scalable formal verification of Simulink models,whichisusedtodescribethebehaviorofsystemsthroughcommunicatingfunc-tional blocks. In industry, Simulink is the de facto modeling and analysis en-vironment of embedded systems. It is also used to generate code automati-cally from special Simulink models for various hardware platforms. However,Simulink lacks formal approach to verify large and hybrid Simulink models.Therefore, we also propose a formal verification of Simulink models, repre-sented as stochastic timed automata, using statistical model checking, whichhas proven to scale for industrial applications.We validate our approaches on industrial use cases from the automotiveindustry. These includes Adjustable Speed Limiter (ASL) and Brake-By-Wire(BBW) systems from Volvo Group Trucks Technology, both safety-critical. / Verispec

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Nous avons développé dans le cadre de cette thèse deux aspects complémentaires liés à la sécurité des systèmes d’agents mobiles : l'aspect statique et l'aspect dynamique. Pour l’aspect statique, nous avons proposé une spécification formelle des politiques de sécurité qui traite les différentes préoccupations de sécurité dans les systèmes à base d'agents mobiles et couvre les différents concepts liés à la définition de tels systèmes. L'aspect dynamique, s'intéresse à définir formellement l'ensemble des opérations élémentaires de reconfiguration de ces politiques et de définir un cadre qui exprime l'adaptabilité de la politique de l'agent aux nouvelles exigences de sécurité du système visité. Pour les deux aspects, nous avons porté un intérêt considérable à la vérification formelle. Les démarches de vérification élaborées sont implémentées et validées sous l'outil de preuve Z/EVES. D’un point de vue opérationnel, nous avons défini un cadre pour l'imposition des politiques de sécurité. Ce dernier tire profit du cadre théorique, que nous avons défini, et applique une approche de génération de code basée sur le paradigme de la POA. / We develop two complementary aspects related to the security of mobile agent systems: the static and dynamic aspect. The first is related to the specification of security policies which treats the various security concerns in mobile agent systems and covers the various concepts related to the modeling of such systems. The dynamic aspect takes an interest to define a set of elementary operations which may change a given policy and a framework that expresses the adaptability of the agent policy to the security requirements of the new visited system. All Specifications are coded in Z notation.Another main contribution consists in providing a formal verification framework which gives more completeness and more consistency to the proposed specifications for both aspects. All checking processes are implemented under the Z/EVES theorem prover. Finally, we have take advantage from this theoretical work and we have defined an operational framework for enforcement security policies which combine the strengths of AOP with those of formal methods.

Les récepteurs ionotropiques du glutamate peuvent être compartimentés de manière très spécifique au niveau des différentes afférences synaptiques d’un neurone. Dans les neurones pyramidaux de CA3, les récepteurs de type kaïnate (rKA) post-synaptiques sont localisés à la synapse formée entre les fibres moussues et les cellules pyramidales de CA3 (synapse FM-CA3) mais ils sont totalement absents des autres afférences glutamatergiques sur ce même neurone. Nous avons cherché à comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires de cette compartimentation subcellulaire. En réalisant une cartographie fonctionnelle des récepteurs du glutamate par décageage focalisé de glutamate dans les cellules pyramidales de CA3, nous avons montré que les rKA présentent une localisation subcellulaire strictement confinée dans les excroissances épineuses, éléments post-synaptiques des synapses FM-CA3, et sont exclus des compartiments somato-dendritiques, contrairement aux récepteurs AMPA. Nous avons identifié une séquence du domaine C-terminal de GluK2a nécessaire pour la stabilisation des rKA. Cette séquence est responsable d’une interaction avec la protéine d’adhérence N-cadhérine. L’altération de la fonction de la N-cadhérine dans les cellules pyramidales de CA3 entraine une déstabilisation des rKA à la synapse FM-CA3. Ces travaux suggèrent que plusieurs mécanismes participent à la compartimentation des rKA à la synapse FMCA3 impliquant le recrutement et la stabilisation des rKA par les N-cadhérines. / Distinct subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors can be segregate to specific synaptic inputs in a given neuron. In CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs), kainate receptors (KARs) are present at mossy fiber (mf) synapses and absent from other glutamatergic inputs. The mechanisms for such a constrained subcellular segregation is not known. We have investigated the molecular determinants responsible for the subcellular segregation of KARs at mf-CA3 synapses. Using functional mapping of glutamate receptors by focal glutamate uncaging we show that KARs display a strictly confined expression on thorny excrescences, the postsynaptic elements of mf-CA3 synapses, being excluded from extrasynaptic somatodendritic compartments, at variance with AMPA receptors. We have identified a sequence in the GluK2a C-terminal domain necessary for restricted expression of KARs which is responsible for GluK2a interaction with N-Cadherin. Targeted deletion of N-Cadherin or overexpression of a dominant negative N-Cadherin in CA3 PCs greatly induce a destabilization of KARs at the mf-CA3 synapses. Our findings suggest that multiple mechanisms combine to control the compartmentalization of KARs at mf-CA3 synapses, including a stringent control of the amount of GluK2 subunit in CA3 PCs, a limited number of slots for KARs, and the recruitment/stabilization of KARs by N-Cadherins.

Un système embarqué est un système électronique et informatique autonome dédié à une tâche précise. Dans le secteur de l’automobile, le nombre de systèmes embarqués dans les voitures a considérablement augmenté au cours de ces dernières années et va certainement continuer à augmenter. Ces systèmes sont dédiés entre autres, à la sécurité, au confort de conduite,et à l’assistance à la conduite. Cette croissance des systèmes est associée avec une croissance en taille des logiciels qui les contrôlent. En conséquence, leur gestion(système et logiciel) devient de plus en plus complexe et problématique. Par ailleurs, la concurrence dans le secteur automobile est très féroce et les temps de mise sur le marché sont de plus en plus courts. Ainsi, pour garantir le bon fonctionnement des systèmes en général et du logiciel en particulier, étant donné leur complexité,et aussi les délais courts de mise sur le marché des produits automobiles, de nouvelles méthodes de développement doivent être considérées. Ainsi, de nombreuses méthodes de développement, incluant de nouveaux standards (de développement) et approches automatiques ont émergé au cours de ces dernières années. Dans le cas particulier de la vérification et validation de logiciel, une des activités critiques qui a connu une avancée significative est la génération de cas de test, avec l’avènement d’approches automatiques.Malgré cela, ces approches peinent souvent à s’imposer en milieu industriel. Une des raisons est que celles ci sont souvent peu adaptées ou peu utilisées dans un contexte industriel.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à proposer une approche de vérification et de validation de logiciels embarqués, basée sur la génération automatique de cas de test. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place une approche permettant de représenter sous forme de modèles abstraits les spécifications d’un logiciel, puis de générer à partir de ces modèles un ensemble de cas de test en considérant en particulier le critère de couverture MC/DC. / An embedded system is a system that performs a specific task and has a computer embedded inside. In the automotive sector, the amount of embedded systems in the vehicle has risen dramatically in recent years and is set to increase. They deal essentially with safety, comfort, and driving assistance. Furthermore, the increase in number and complexity of the systems is associated with a growth in software. As a consequence, their management (system and software) have become more and more complex and problematic. Also, the competition and time-to-market in the automotive industry are very tough. Thus, to guarantee the efficiency and reliability of the embedded systems in the vehicle in general and the software in particular, in view of the complexity as well as the competition and time-to-market law, new development methods should be considered. Therefore, new development methods including new standards, and automatic approaches have emerged over the last years. In the particular case of embedded software verification and validation, one of the most critical activities that has experienced a significant progress is test case generation with the advent of automatic approaches. Despite this, these approaches are not widely used or are not well adapted in industrial context. In that context, our goal in this PhD. thesis is to propose a new verification and validation approach, based on automatic test case generation of embedded embedded. Thus, we have set up an approach that automatically generates test cases, with respect to the MC/DC criterion, from abstract models of the software specifications expressed in the form of state-transition models.

De nos jours, les workflows sont largement utilisés par les entreprises et les organisations en vue d’améliorer l’efficacité organisationnelle, la réactivité et la rentabilité en gérant les tâches et les étapes de processus opérationnels. La vérification des spécifications est devenue obligatoire afin d’assurer que ces processus sont correctement conçus et atteignent le niveau de confiance et de qualité attendu.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse porte sur la vérification de spécifications modales – comportements nécessaires ou recevables impliquant plusieurs activités et leurs causalités – de workflows nets – une classe de réseaux de Petri adaptés à la description de workflows. En particulier, cette thèse définit un cadre novateur permettant de modéliser les exécutions de workflow nets,avec ou sans données, et de vérifier des spécifications modales à l’aide de systèmes de contraintes. Elle présente également deux méthodes de réduction préservant la "generalised soundness" et la validité d’une spécification modale donnée. Ces méthodes de réduction sont ensuite présentées comme des étapes de prétraitement réduisant la taille des workflow nets, de sorte que la vérification des propriétés conservées puisse être effectuée sur de plus petites instances. Enfin, cette thèse présente les outils qui ont été mis en oeuvre ainsi que des expérimentations qui ont été menées sur un grand nombre de workflows industriels afin de valider les approches proposées dans cette thèse. Ces résultats expérimentaux convaincants mettent en évidence l’efficacité, l’efficience et le passage à l’échelle de la méthode vérification de spécification modales ainsi que des méthodes de réduction introduites dans cette thèse. / Nowadays workflows are extensively used by companies and organisations in order to improve organizationaleffciency, responsiveness and profitability by managing the tasks and steps of business processes. Theverification of specifications has become mandatory to ensure that such processes are properly designedand reach the expected level of trust and quality. In this context, this thesis addresses the verification ofmodal specifications – necessary or admissible behaviour involving several activities and their causalities –of workflow nets – a Petri nets class suited for the description of workflows.In particular, it defines an innovative constraint system based framework to model executions of ordinary as wellas coloured workflow nets, and verify modal specifications. Further, it presents powerful reduction methodspreserving properties of interest such as generalised soundness and correctness of a given modal specification.Such reduction methods are then portrayed as pre-processing steps reducing workflow nets size, so that theverification of preserved properties can be carried out on smaller instances.Finally, as a practical contribution, this thesis introduces the tools that have been implemented as well asexperimentations that have been carried out over industrial workflow nets in order to validate the approachesproposed in this thesis. The convincing experimental results highlight the effectiveness, effciency andscalability of the modal specification verification method and reduction methods introduced in this thesis.

The correctness of a workflow specification is critical for the automation of business processes. For this reason, errors in the specification should be detected and corrected as early as possible - at specification time. In this paper, we present a validation method for workflow specifications using model-checking techniques. A formalized workflow specification, its properties and the correctness requirements are translated into a timed state machine that can be analyzed with the Uppaal model checker. The main contribution of this paper is the use of timed model checking for verifying time-related properties of workflow specifications. Using only one tool (the model checker) for verifying these different kinds of properties gives an advantage over using different specialized algorithms for verifying different kinds of properties.

Continuous colormaps are integral parts of many visualization techniques, such as heat-maps, surface plots, and flow visualization. Despite that the critiques of rainbow colormaps have been around and well-acknowledged for three decades, rainbow colormaps are still widely used today. One reason behind the resilience of rainbow colormaps is the lack of tools for users to create a continuous colormap that encodes semantics specific to the application concerned. In this paper, we present a web-based software system, CCC-Tool (short for Charting Continuous Colormaps) under the URL https://ccctool.com, for creating, editing, and analyzing such application-specific colormaps. We introduce the notion of “colormap pecification (CMS)” that maintains the essential semantics required for defining a color mapping scheme. We provide users with a set of advanced utilities for constructing CMS’s with various levels of complexity, examining their quality attributes using different plots, and exporting them to external application software. We present two case studies, demonstrating that the CCC-Tool can help domain scientists as well as visualization experts in designing semantically-rich colormaps.

A key factor in creating software of good quality is that the requirements for the project being developed are as unambiguous and clear as possible, so the developers will be able to develop the product quickly and effectively. So, there is a need for tools that help requirements engineers create quality requirements. The attributes that define a poorly written requirement are called bad smells. In this thesis we investigate the NALABS tools bad smell detecting capabilities when analyzing industrial requirements. First, we performed a literature study to investigate what types of bad smells exist for requirements and how they were specified. After that we used a case study to examine how many smells and of what categories the NALABS tool detects, when it analyzes industrial requirements. Lastly, we used a small experiment to examine how accurately NALABS detects smells, by designing a simple console application that counted instances of bad smell words in a set of keywords that were from the NALABS tool. The results we gathered gave us an indication that NALABS detects bad smells in all the categories of bad smells that are implemented in it, to a varying degree. Through this thesis we hope to extend the knowledge about bad requirements smells, clarify what attributes of a requirement might be a bad smell, and investigate to what degree the NALABS tool can detect bad smells in industrial requirements.