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Orientador: Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva / Banca: Ivanise Guilherme Branco / Banca: Wilma Aparecida Spinosa / Resumo: Plantas condimentares definem espécies vegetais utilizadas para acrescentar odor ou sabor aos alimentos e está presentes na culinária humana por milhares de anos. Além do emprego na alimentação, destacam-se por apresentarem benefícios curativos e terapêuticos, apresentando atividade antiinflamatória, analgésica, antitumoral, antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Para assegurar os benefícios atribuídos a essas plantas, tornou-se importante o estudo da citotoxicidade das mesmas, considerando o risco iminente à saúde decorrente da utilização errônea e/ou abusiva de determinadas plantas condimentares, que podem ser potenciais causadores de alterações no DNA. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial citotóxico e antioxidante de Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn (Canela), Origanum vulgare L. (Orégano), Petrosolium sativum L. (Salsa), Piper nigrum L. (Pimenta do Reino), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Gengibre) e Ocimum basilicum L. (Manjericão), por meio do bioensaio com Allium cepa, concluindo que nenhuma apresentou atividade citotóxica nas concentrações avaliadas. E pelos testes de DPPH, efeito quelante de Fe2+, teste FRAP, fenóis totais e flavonóides, foi demonstrado que as plantas condimentares avaliadas podem ser utilizadas como fonte de antioxidantes naturais, fenóis totais e flavonoides / Abstract: Plants condiments define the species used to add odor or flavor to food and is present in human food for thousands of years. Than employment in food, stand out because they have healing and therapeutic benefits, with antiinflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant. To ensure the benefits attributed to these plants, it became important to study the cytotoxicity of the same, considering the likely health risk due to erroneous and / or misuse of certain condiments plants, which may potentially cause alterations in DNA. Given the above, the present work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn (Cinnamon), Origanum vulgare (Oregano), Petrosolium sativum L. (Salsa), Piper nigrum L. (Black Pepper) Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) and Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil), through bioassay with Allium cepa, concluding that showed no cytotoxicity at the concentrations evaluated. And the DPPH test, Fe2 + chelating effect, FRAP test, total phenols and flavonoids has been shown that the tested plant condiments can be used as a source of natural antioxidants, flavonoid and phenolic compounds / Mestre

Orientador: Peter Jurgen Tatsch / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T21:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manera_LeandroTiago_M.pdf: 1877187 bytes, checksum: a0545f28b99f4d215578ff2ba56d909f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Mestrado

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In developing a compact electro-optic sampling system for industrial use it is desirable to utilize a semiconductor laser diode as the light source since these devices are compact and economical. This thesis investigates several novel laser driver techniques for generating extremely short optical gain switched pulses from a semiconductor laser diode. These techniques include a novel bias control scheme in which the bias to a semiconductor laser diode, that is being driven with a step recovery diode pulse generator circuit, is turned on and off in order to switch the gain switched optical pulses on and off as desired. The second technique involves a mono-cycle scheme that allows a step recovery diode pulse generator circuit, which is customarily driven by a fixed frequency oscillator, to be driven by a mono-cycle pulse train of variable repetition rate. An equivalent circuit model of a laser diode based on the mono-mode rate equations is discussed and implemented in SPICE for the purpose of studying the interaction of the laser driver circuit electronics and the laser diode. The laser diode equivalent circuit is benchmarked against analytical solutions of the rate equations. A qualitative agreement between the measurements of the laser diode optical and terminal voltage responses and the SPICE simulations of the laser diode equivalent circuit model are demonstrated. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Depuis quelques années, les mémoires non-volatiles de type Flash sont présentes dans un grand nombre de systèmes sur puce. La grande densité d'intégration et la complexité de leur procédé de fabrication rendent les mémoires Flash de plus en plus sujette aux défauts. La présence de défauts dans les mémoires est une des problématiques majeures. En effet, de tels défauts pourraient affecter le rendement, la rétention, l'endurance et donc la fiabilité des mémoires Flash. Cette thèse a porté sur l'analyse des mécanismes de défaillances, la modélisation des comportements fautifs et le développement de solution en vue d'améliorer le test des mémoires Flash. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé un modèle SPICE de la mémoire Flash TSTAC™ d'ATMEL. En comparaison avec l'état de l'art, le modèle SPICE proposé permet de simuler les opérations fonctionnelles de la mémoire de manière dynamique. Ce modèle a était utilisé pour effectuer des simulations d'injections de défauts réalistes pouvant affecter la matrice de la mémoire Flash TSTAC™. Ces simulations ont permis de prédire leurs comportements fautifs et de déterminer leurs modèles de fautes. D'autres types de simulations électriques effectuées à l'aide du modèle électrique ont permis de développer deux méthodes de caractérisation : la première permettant de détecter les variations d'épaisseur d'oxyde des cellules mémoires ; la deuxième méthode permet de caractériser la programmation par pulsation (pulse programming) et ainsi prédire la valeur du champ électrique durant l'écriture d'une cellule. / In recent years, non-volatile Flash memories have been widely used on system on chip. Their high integration density and complexity of manufacturing process make the Flash memory prone to defects. The defects in the memory are one of the major issues. They could affect the performance, retention, endurance, and therefore the reliability of Flash memories. This thesis was focused on the analysis of failure mechanisms, the faulty behavior modeling and the development of solution in order to improve the testing of Flash memories. In this work, we have proposed an electrical SPICE model of an ATMEL Flash memory. Compared with the state of art, the proposed model allows to simulate the static and dynamic behavior of the memory. This model is used to perform defect injection simulations affecting the Flash memories. These simulations are able to predict faulty behavior by fault modeling. Other types of electrical simulations highlight two characterization methods. The first one is able to detect the oxide thickness variations of the memory cells; the second one allows to characterize the programming pulse and then predict the electric field value during the programming of the cell.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 D66 / Master of Science

Master of Science / Food Science Institute, Human Ecology / Koushik Adhikari / The potential health benefits of spices, used as flavor enhancers since ancient times, are being explored more and more by researchers in animal and in vitro models. The application of mood and emotion constructs to understand the consumer psyche is a relatively new area of study in food science. The main objective of our study was to determine if spices (a blend of cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, and cloves) that have high antioxidant properties evoke/change emotions in consumers. The carrier food, an extruded apple-based cereal-like product, was selected because cereals are convenient and consumed by many. Three cereal-like products containing 0, 4, or a 5% spice blend were extruded at Kansas State University. Four consumer tests, one day of hedonic and just-about-right evaluations (n= 100), followed by three days of emotion testing were carried out. For the emotion tests, 25 consumers saw the control sample three times, 25 consumers saw the 4% blend sample three times, 25 consumers saw the 5% blend sample three times, and 25 consumers saw all three samples once. In a clinical trial (n=10), total antioxidant capacity and blood glucose levels were determined from two samples (control and the 4% blend). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and principal components analysis to determine significant effects and trends in the data, respectively. ‘Calm’ was the only emotion that was significantly different in all three samples, which decreased over time (pre-consumption to 1-hour post consumption). The emotion ‘Satisfied’ increased significantly in the 5% blend showing that there might have been an effect because of the higher spice content. The PCAs showed that for the 4% and 5% blends, the movement of the consumers was towards emotions such as active, energetic, and enthusiastic. There were no trends for the control. For the clinical trial, the 4% blend was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity than the baseline, although the differences in absolute terms are debatable. Blood glucose levels were not significantly different. Future research needs to be done to better understand how individual emotions affect overall liking and product acceptance.

"Recently, there has been some good interest in the field of Dynamic Materials, also referred to as Spatio-Temporal Composites. These materials have been theoretically attributed to show ability to switch their electromagnetic properties in time, as contrast to the spatial variations shown by regular materials of non-dynamic nature, existing naturally. Though there is no exhibition of dynamic material in nature yet, there are suggestions for its synthesis. This paper follows the idea of using standard lossless transmission line model approximating a material substance. Such a material though not truly homogeneous, could be made to vary its properties in time. The aim of this work is to test this idea for its functional efficiency in comparison to analytical results obtained from earlier works on the subject. We make use of Spice simulation for this. An important aspect of this work is to facilitate the dynamic operations in a static environment. Almost all the simulators available today like Spice, ADS, etc intrinsically provide no ability for parameter variations in time. Nonetheless, we make use of certain popular tricks to implement circuits imitating the dynamic circuit components we need. Such implementations are separately tested to demonstrate their success in providing us with the dynamic environment we desire. Finally, within the limitations of the computing capabilities, we could successfully show an agreement between the results obtained and the existing theory. "

Detta arbete beskriver en elektrisk pulsgenerator, dess konstruktion och ingående komponenter.Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas åt det triggade gnistgapet och triggpulsgeneratorn. Gnistgapetskonstruktion beskrivs. En SPICE-modell utvecklas för gnistgapets urladdningskanal.Urladdningskanalens egenskaper simuleras. Simulerad och fotograferad kanalradie jämförs.Några genomförda försök beskrivs kort, däribland det katastrofala och avslutande försöket. Detavslutande försöket analyseras. Avslutningsvis avhandlas några tänkbara utbyggnader ochförbättringar.