Online marketing has resulted in a paradigm shift in the advertisement industry. Programmatic buying is an emerging business model that is very promising for online advertising. In online advertising, revenue maximization is always a key matter for publishers. The purpose of this report is to examine whether programmatic buying can be used in conjunction with other parameters such as Google Adwords or Google Trends to increase profit. This research will provide valuable information regarding how to obtain site visitors at a cheap price while maximizing profit on advertisement shown to those users. We investigate a revenue maximization model that calculates the popularity of a set of news in different countries and compares it to the CPM, Cost-Per-Mille, of the corresponding country. To calculate the popularity, the program uses an API from Google Trends and the CPM data is obtained from the company Adform. Furthermore, we originally planned to also include Google Adwords to estimate the price of traffic acquisition. However, since we found several problems with achieving reasonable estimates for our purpose this parameter has therefore been excluded from the final product. The final product can therefore be seen as a soft indicator of how popular different news are in different countries and what revenue can be expected from corresponding countries. / Digital marknadsföring har resulterat i ett paradigmskifte inom reklambranschen. Programmatisk handel är en mycket lovande affärsmodell för automatisk annonsering online och är under stark tillväxt. Inom digital marknadsföring är vinstmaximering alltid en nyckelfråga för utgivare av annonsplatser. Denna rapport ämnar undersöka huruvida programmatisk handel kan användas tillsammans med andra parametrar som Google Adwords eller Google Trends för att öka vinsten från video-reklamannonser. Den grundläggande idén är att skapa trafik till en specifik hemsida för ett så lågt pris som möjligt samtidigt som vi vill att reklamvisningarna ska ge så höga intäkter som möjligt. Rapporten utreder parametrar som videopris för programmatisk handel i olika länder, Bounce Rate, Cost Per Click och Google Trends Score. Dessa parametrar används för att skapa en sammanvägning för att indikera i vilka länder och för vilka sökord den ekonomiska vinsten potentiellt är störst.        Arbetet har resulterat i ett program som beräknar populariteten för ett antal nyheter i olika länder och jämför med CPM, Cost-Per-Mille, priset för motsvarande land. För att beräkna populariteten används ett API från Google Trends och CPM datan kommer från företaget Adform. Från början var tanken att även väga in Google Adwords för att skapa en prisbild över kostnaden att inbringa trafik. Begränsningar som behövt genomföras under arbetets gång är att exkludera Google Adwords prissättning i det färdiga programmet, då det finns svårigheter i att utröna exakta prisuppgifter från Google Adwords. Slutprodukten är därmed en indikator på vilka nyheter som är populära i olika länder och intäkterna som kan förväntas därifrån.

No description available.

L’innovation est un sujet d’intérêt en bibliothéconomie. Aussi, ce mémoire de maîtrise explore l'innovation en bibliothèques universitaires en cherchant à comprendre les perceptions de dirigeants de ces bibliothèques sur un outil innovant et sur son adoption potentielle au sein d’un regroupement : les plateformes de services pour bibliothèques (PSB). Ces plateformes sont décrites comme étant mieux intégrées que le système intégré de gestion de bibliothèque. Elles donnent accès à des données bibliographiques partagées et proposent de nouveaux flux de travail. Elles facilitent aussi la mutualisation des ressources entre plusieurs bibliothèques. Dans cette étude de cas simple, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de sept dirigeants du groupe SB9, un réseau de bibliothèques de l’Université du Québec, pour recueillir leurs perceptions sur les PSB, à la suite de l’amorce d’une réflexion en vue d’une adoption partagée. Des résultats ressortent les avantages et les désavantages de ces systèmes pour les bibliothèques universitaires au sein d’un regroupement. Ils permettent aussi d’évaluer la compatibilité de ces systèmes avec leur contexte et la complexité liée à leur adoption. Enfin, ils font ressortir les sources d’influence poussant à l’adoption des PSB. Cette étude met en évidence comment l’adoption potentielle d’une innovation technologique peut agir comme levier pour la transformation organisationnelle, la création de services à valeur ajoutée pour les usagers et de nouvelles collaborations entre bibliothèques. L’impact des PSB va au-delà de leurs fonctionnalités, offrant de nouvelles opportunités aux bibliothèques. Enfin, cette étude offre une perspective nouvelle sur l’innovation dans les bibliothèques universitaires du Québec. / Innovation is a topic of interest in librarianship. Therefore, this master’s thesis aims to explore innovation in academic libraries by examining how library managers perceive an innovative tool, the library services platform (LSP), and its potential adoption by a group of libraries. These platforms are described as being better integrated than integrated library systems. They provide access to shared bibliographic data and allow for new workflows. Moreover, they facilitate resource sharing among several libraries. In this simple case study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven library managers from the SB9 group, a network of libraries affiliated with the Université du Québec with the aim of gathering their perceptions of these innovative tools. At the time of data collection, the group was at the stage of considering the shared adoption of an LSP. Results highlight the advantages and disadvantages of such systems for academic libraries in a consortium context. They also shed light on the compatibility of LSPs in context, as well as the complexity associated with their adoption. Finally, they show the sources of influence driving the adoption of LSPs. This study demonstrates how the potential adoption of a technological innovation can act as a lever for organizational change, for the creation of value-added services for patrons, and for new collaborations between libraries. The impact of LSPs goes beyond their mere functionalities, offering new opportunities for libraries. Finally, this study provides a new perspective on innovation in Quebec academic libraries.

Identifying mechanisms that determine who lives and dies is the first step in developing successful restoration techniques for rare species and endangered habitats. We studied interactions that affect establishment of native plant forbs of conservation concern at the seedling stage to support the theoretical basis for restoration activities in Pacific Northwest prairies. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that seedling establishment is controlled by 1) competition with or 2) facilitation by existing vegetation and that the interaction is mediated in part by environmental stress. We direct-seeded or planted vegetative plugs of Lupinus oreganus, Castilleja levisecta, Erigeron decumbens, Iris tenax and Sidalcea malviflora ssp. virgata into 20 plots with a range of community compositions in high-stress upland prairies at each of three sites. We counted seedlings and estimated cover of plant functional groups as well as litter, bare soil and disturbance then used linear regression to test for effects of these factors on seedling establishment. We found evidence of indirect facilitation of grass on seedling establishment in the first year: higher accumulations of leaf litter increased seedling numbers at two sites. In the second year, there was evidence of facilitation by live vegetation and litter on seedlings at one site, but no net effect of either competition or facilitation at the other two sites. Overall, we found more evidence for positive interactions than we did for competition. In particular, litter appeared to have a positive effect on seedling establishment of L. oreganus and S. malviflora ssp. virgata. This is contrary to the common perception that litter inhibits plant establishment but supports the theory that facilitation is more common in high stress sites; practitioners should consider seeding into leaf litter at some sites. To support a robust approach to conservation and reintroduction of species with dormant seed, we characterized dormancy types and developed germination protocols for S. malviflora ssp. virgata and I. tenax. S. malviflora ssp. virgata has physical dormancy and may have physiological dormancy. Scarification followed by four weeks of cold moist stratification was effective in initiating germination. I. tenax has morphophysiological dormancy which is overcome by four weeks of warm moist stratification followed by 6-12 weeks of cold stratification. We also conducted a meta-analysis of experiments that tested pre-sowing seed scarification of L. oreganus and conclude that breaking physical dormancy prior to direct seeding does not support higher establishment relative to unscarified seeds in this species. / Graduation date: 2012