Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-07-25T20:57:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis da Conseiçao Martins Morais Epidemiologia molecular de Streptococcus pneumoniaes... 2012.pdf: 2694690 bytes, checksum: 6a8757e0acddf633d2db80ca6ea13e0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-25T20:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis da Conseiçao Martins Morais Epidemiologia molecular de Streptococcus pneumoniaes... 2012.pdf: 2694690 bytes, checksum: 6a8757e0acddf633d2db80ca6ea13e0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Streptococcus pneumoniae é a principal causa de morbi-mortalidade no mundo. Em Moçambique, os sorotipos 1 e 5 são os mais prevalentes. Este estudo investigou a relação clonal de isolados de pneumococo obtidos de doença invasiva entre o período de 2002-2007, utilizando três procedimentos laboratoriais: Box-PCR, PFGE e MLST. Um total de 105 isolados (sendo 72 do sorotipo 1 e 33 do sorotipo 5), foram submetidos a técnica de Box-PCR. O sorotipo 5 apresentou cinco padrões, sendo um clonal com 20 isolados e quatro padrões não clonais. O padrão A foi o predominante com 61% dos isolados, enquanto que por PFGE, 100% dos isolados foram agrupados em um único clone (clone A), e pela técnica de MLST foi identificado apenas um único ST (ST 289). Por outro lado, o sorotipo 1 apresentou maior diversidade clonal pelos três métodos; por Box-PCR os isolados foram agrupados em 3 clones, sendo predominante o padrão B com 58 isolados, padrão C e N com dois isolados cada. Um total de 12 isolados foram não clonais. O clone B apresentou 20 subtipos, sendo o mais frequente o sub-tipo B1 com 20 amostras idênticas, seguido por B2, B6, B7 com 5 amostras idênticas cada. Por PFGE, 19 amostras confirmaram ser do mesmo perfil clonal (clone B), enquanto que 12 amostras demonstraram ser não clonais. Quando submetidos ao MLST, foram identificados 6 STs; ST 217 (7 isolados), ST 853 (1 isolado), e quatro novos STs, ST 4125, ST 2909, ST 3779 e ST 4166. O ST 217 pertence ao clone Suécia1-27 (ST217), identificados previamente em surtos de meningite na África, enquanto o ST 289 foi identificado como um representante do clone Colômbia5-19 (ST289) que circulam na América Latina desde 1994. A taxa de não susceptibilidade à penicilina foi de 3%, e à cotrimoxazole foi de 39%. A maior taxa de resistência foi encontrada entre os isolados de sorotipo 1. Este trabalho mostra a persistência de dois sorotipos responsáveis por causar doença pneumocócica invasiva graves, bem como seus respectivos clones em uma região do sul de Moçambique. / Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Mozambique, serotypes 1 and 5 are the most prevalent. This study investigated the clonal relationship of isolates obtained from pneumococcal invasive disease during the period of 2002-2007 using three laboratory procedures: Box-PCR, PFGE and MLST. A total of 105 isolates (72 serotype 1 and 33 serotype 5) were submited to Box-PCR technique. The serotype 5 showed five patterns, one clonal with 20 isolates and four non-clonal patterns. The pattern A, covered 61% of all isolates, whereas by PFGE, 100% of the isolates have been grouped into a single clone (clone A), and by MLST was also identified only one ST (ST 289). In another hand, serotype 1 had higher clonal diversity by the three methods; by Box-PCR isolates have been grouped into three clonal patterns, the pattern B being predominantly (58 isolates), C and N with two isolates each. A total of 12 strains were non-clonal. Clone B showed 20 sub-types, the most common subtype B1 with 20 identical samples, followed by B2, B6, B7 with 5 identical samples each. By PFGE, 19 samples confirmed with the same profile clone (clone B), while 12 samples were non-clonal. By MLST, 6 STs were identified, ST 217 (7 isolates), ST 853 (one isolate) and four new STs, ST 4125, ST 2909, ST 3779 and ST 4166. ST 217 belongs to Sweden1-27 clone (ST217), previously identified in outbreaks of meningitis in Africa, while the ST 289 has been identified as a representative clone Colômbia5-19 clone (ST289) that circulate in Latin America since 1994. The rate of non susceptibility to penicilin was 3%, and 39% to cotrimoxazol. The highest resistance rate was found among serotype 1 isolates. This results shows the persistence of two serotypes responsible for cases of severe invasive pneumococcal disease, as well as their respective clones in a region of southern Mozambique.

Avant même de se fixer définitivement à Bethléem, Jérôme effectue la visite systématique de la Palestine, désirant connaître de façon approfondie et directe les lieux saints où vécut le Christ. De même, son souci de parvenir à un savoir authentique sur les Écritures lui fait entreprendre l'apprentissage ardu de l'hébreu. Les premières lettres conservées de sa Correspondance datent de 380‑381, années où l'auteur débute précisément, à Chalcis, son initiation à la langue de l'Ancien Testament. Les missives écrites ensuite reflètent les difficultés rencontrées par le père de la Vulgate tout au long de sa révision des traductions courantes de la Bible à partir des orignaux grecs et hébreux. Les questions posées par des correspondants cultivés et curieux d'en apprendre plus sur le contenu de ces orignaux sont également à l'origine de commentaires philologiques de la part de Jérôme. Les lettres constituent partant un excellent support de réflexion pour analyser les interactions entre culture-source et culture-cible en interrogeant les nombreuses difficultés de vocabulaire et d'interprétation auxquelles sont confrontés Jérôme et les exégètes cités par lui, lorsqu'il s'agit de passer du texte hébreu à ses versions grecques et latines. La présente étude s'intéresse aux questions d'hébreu contenues dans la Correspondance. La place faite à l'hébreu, dans les lettres, et jusque dans la forme épistolaire, amène à s'interroger sur la représentation singulière de la langue et de la culture hébraïques s'en dégageant, ainsi que sur l'image de l'interpres liée à cette représentation. Les enjeux inhérents à la résolution de cette problématique sont importants, car ils renvoient à la fois à la manière dont la Bible hébraïque est appréhendée et traduite par Jérôme, aux catégories intellectuelles mises à contribution par l'épistolier pour répondre aux difficultés rencontrées, à la consolidation dogmatique de l'Église du IVe siècle, mais aussi à la question paradoxale de l'autorité du traducteur. L'examen minutieux des textes hébreux par Jérôme soulève une contradiction majeure entre la conception traditionnelle des rapports entre langues barbares et langues policées, et l'idéalisation d'une quête de l'Hebraica ueritas, mise sur le même plan que le voyage en Terre Sainte. Il s'agit dès lors de comprendre pourquoi et pour quoi un Occidental cultivé comme Jérôme s'est lancé dans la difficile traduction de la Bible à partir de l'hébreu. L'adoption d'un tel angle de réflexion mobilise des éléments historiques, historico-théologiques et linguistiques, puisqu'il faut tenir compte des relations entre juifs et chrétiens au IVe siècle. Afin de mettre en lumière puis de préciser ces enjeux, la présente analyse aborde, en premier, la définition à nouveaux frais du profil intellectuel de Jérôme, en se plaçant, pour cela, dans une perspective de transmission des savoirs liés à la Bible hébraïque. Ce premier bilan conduit à envisager, en second lieu, la manière dont l'auteur de la Correspondance manie l'hébreu, et à mettre, de façon inédite, ce maniement en relation avec la structure des lettres et les stratégies rhétoriques et littéraires qui y sont déployées. Troisièmement, nous avons cherché à comprendre quelle représentation de l'objet d'étude hébraïque se dégage du corpus étudié et comment Jérôme procède pour transformer cette représentation en source d'autorité, pour le dogme chrétien comme pour lui-même - paradoxalement, en tant que traducteur. La démonstration fait intervenir un concept central pour analyser la méthodologie hiéronymienne, celui d'ἱστορία. En croisant différentes approches en lien avec les questions d'hébreu, la présente analyse s'efforce de démontrer que la richesse de la Correspondance hiéronymienne est loin d'avoir été totalement épuisée par la recherche et que certains aspects, notamment l'interdépendance entre les perspectives philologique et idéologique, ont été encore assez peu approfondis. / Even before settling permanently in Bethlehem, Jerome performs routine visit to Palestine, in his desire to know in depth and direct the holy places where Christ lived. Similarly, its concern to achieve a genuine know the scriptures him to undertake the arduous learning Hebrew. The first letters of his correspondence conserved dating from 380-381, years in which the author begins precisely at Chalcis, his introduction to the language of the Old Testament. The letters then written to reflect the difficulties faced by the father of the Vulgate throughout its review of the common translations of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew moose. The questions posed by cultivated and curious corresponding learn about the content of these moose are also the cause of philological comments from the Stridonien. The letters are therefore an excellent reflection of support for analyzing interactions between source culture and target-culture by interviewing many vocabulary difficulties and interpretation faced Jerome and the commentators cited by him, when it comes to spend Hebrew text to his Greek and Latin versions. This study is interested in Hebrew questions contained in the correspondence. The emphasis in Hebrew, in letters, and even in epistolary form, raises questions about the singular representation of the Hebrew language and the culture that surrounds it, and the image of 'interpres related to this representation. The challenges inherent in the resolution of this issue is important, since they relate both to how the Hebrew Bible is understood and translated by Jerome, the intellectual categories put to use by the letter writer to meet the challenges , the dogmatic consolidation of the fourth-century Church but also to the paradoxical question of the authority of the translator. The scrutiny of Hebrew texts by Jerome raises a major contradiction between the traditional conception of the relationship between barbarians and civilized languages ​​languages, and the idealization of a quest for the Hebraica ueritas, put on the same plane as the trip to Earth Ste. It is therefore understand why and for what a Westerner grown as Jerome embarked on the difficult translation of the Bible from Hebrew. The adoption of such a reflection angle is mobilizing historical, historical-theological and linguistic, since we must consider the relationship between Jews and Christians in the fourth century. To highlight and clarify these issues, this analysis discusses, first, the definition anew intellectual Jerome profile by standing for this, with a view to transmitting knowledge related to the Hebrew Bible . This initial assessment leads to consider, second, how the author of mania Correspondence Hebrew, and putting in a new way, this handling in relation to the structure of letters and literary and rhetorical strategies that are are deployed. Third, we sought to understand what object representation of Hebrew study emerges from the corpus studied and how Jérôme proceeded to transform this representation source of authority for the Christian dogma as for himself - ironically, as a translator. The demonstration involves a central concept to analyze Jerome's methodology, that of ἱστορία. By combining different approaches related to the Hebrew issues, this analysis seeks to demonstrate that the wealth of Jerome's correspondence is far from having been fully covered by research and that some aspects, especially the interdependence philological and ideological perspectives were still fairly extensive.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis has examined the contention of the late Philip Abrams that a town should not be considered as a distinct social entity, but in relation to its setting and to "the complex of domination" in which it is embedded. It was decided to use St Ives in Huntingdonshire as the area of study. Sources have included manorial, parish and dissenting records, inventories, marriage bonds and the Pettis Survey of St Ives, with its maps, lists of property owners and land tax payments. After defining the boundaries of the hinterland, the demography and economy of it and the town were studied. Four adjacent villages revealed urban features. The economic, social and religious networks, that bound their inhabitants to the town, were so dense that they produced a cohesive unit, or "urban society". A core of focal families provided continuity of leadership in administration, business and nonconformity. The strengths and weaknesses of the society's component parts have been traced, particularly through the experience of dissenters and watermen. The relationship of this urban society to the wider world has also been analysed. The Duke of Manchester controlled most of the manorial lordships. In the town, he protected his interests by the deployment of key personnel in the vestry and manor. The Church of England was less successful in protecting its position, and eventually had to accept symbiosis with three nonconformist churches. St Ives' proximity to the county town of Huntingdon ensured that, instead of competing with one another, they formed a dispersed urban conglomerate with complementary functions. In its attempt to meet Abrams' requirements, this thesis proposes the concept of an urban society as a useful device for comprehending the breadth of local networks which united the inhabitants of a town and its neighbouring areas.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / The study investigates how local-level efforts at sustainability have been implemented in developing countries and Caribbean islands. In order to protect resources and longevity of these regions, communities often adopt sustainable development initiatives with assistance of external support. The goal of this study is to evaluate initiatives taken by similar communities and organizations that have met the needs of ecosystems through sustainable action plans. The combined information gathered in this study will aid St. Croix, USVI in evaluating current practices as well as planning for future actions. The purpose of this research is to develop a case study of local-level sustainable development initiatives for St. Croix, USVI in order to address the needs of community members and environment through evaluations and successful frameworks of similar island communities. Through information collected, an analysis that addresses issues related to improving community for healthier communities via an improved built environment design, will investigate possible forms and systems of successful urban populations. This thesis addresses some of the issues related to improving community design for better civiv health outcomes via an improved design and framework policy for the built environment. In order to explore this, the thesis seeks sustainable potentials in urban inner cities and island communities to develop an action plan and design for St. Croix. USVI.

Objetivo: Identificar diferencias en las características clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes diagnosticados con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio (IMA) según género en el Hospital de Emergencias José Casimiro Ulloa durante el período 2014-2015. Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional, retrospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por 129 casos, todos ingresaron a los servicios de Trauma Shock, Reposo de Varones y de Damas, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: La prevalencia de IMA fue 11.70 por 10000 pacientes atendidos en los servicios mencionados (5.77/10000 en el género femenino). La mayor prevalencia de IMA fue de 60-69 años con 4.08/10000 pacientes (34.88%), la prevalencia más alta en el género femenino estuvo entre los 80-92 años con 1.67 casos por 10000 pacientes mujeres. La edad media fue 63.74, en el sexo femenino fue 69.77 y en el sexo masculino de 61.84. El dolor anginoso típico se encontró en 58.91%, equivalentes anginosos en 12.63%, sólo el síncope estuvo más en el sexo femenino. Los antecedentes más frecuentes fueron la Hipertensión arterial con el 62.79% (20.99% del género femenino) y la Diabetes Mellitus en el 30.23% (30.77% del género femenino). El 58.91% tuvo elevación del segmento ST (21.05% del género femenino). Conclusiones: La prevalencia concuerda con otras series analizadas. La edad más frecuente es similar a otros trabajos. El dolor anginoso es la presentación más frecuente. La hipertensión y diabetes son los antecedentes más comunes. La mayoría presentó elevación del ST.

This thesis explores the histories of mild to moderate depression and the use of over the counter (OTC) St. John’s wort (St. John’s wort) during the 1990s. In doing so it not only investigates the diagnosis and definition of mental illnesses, it also raises questions about the interface between conventional and alternative medicine. Using a variety of printed sources, including popular media articles, scientific and medical journal publications, and St. John’s wort self-help books, a number of historical themes are explored. This thesis takes issue with existing medical historical studies of depression. Firstly it is argued that they have presented progressive depression histories. Secondly, it is suggested that they have retrospectively diagnosed depression on the basis of similar symptoms. It is therefore argued that illness is specific to the time in which it exists and should be understood within its own historical timeframe. During the 1990s standardised St. John’s wort was promoted as a natural and safe remedy. Adverts and media reports also highlighted the fact that it had a long medical history. Although this thesis establishes that the plant has been traditionally used to treat physical illnesses, it seems that a growing distrust of conventional antidepressants, combined with an established interest in alternative medicine, encouraged some lay people to use the remedy to treat mild mood disorders. It is further argued that lay people have a history of self-treating minor mental illnesses using preparatory and OTC remedies such as preparatory nerve tonics. Not only did lay people desire autonomous treatments, it also seems that standardised St. John’s wort provided a functional role as an OTC remedy. By the 1990s the concepts of responsible self-care and self-treatment were being actively encouraged by medical authorities. Therefore this thesis reclassifies the passive mild to moderately depressed patient as an active consumer. Following an analysis of the popular media it is suggested that the 1990s coverage of depression and its treatments was confusing. Indeed, depression and its treatment with conventional medicines and St. John’s wort were sometimes presented as part of a wider life style choice. Finally, it is argued that by the 1990s standardised St. John’s wort received the same scientific and medical scrutiny as conventional medicines. It is therefore suggested that the remedy represents a situation in which the boundaries between conventional and alternative medicines have become increasingly indistinguishable.

The objective of this investigation is to compile a chronological history of the St. Charles Theatre of New Orleans from 1880 to 1888, the last successful years of the theatre when it was under the management of David Bidwell. In order to clarify the role of the St. Charles Theatre as it reflected theatre art in New Orleans during the latter quarter of the nineteenth century, special attention will be given to the physical improvements of the theatre, the kind of entertainment provided, the personalities who appeared, and the critical comments of the local newspapers.

St. Martin's Episcopal School is located in Metairie on an 18-acre campus, bordered by Airline Drive, West Metairie, Green Acres and Haring Roads. This organization is a PreK-12, nonprofit, independent school.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / Study of the serving brothers of the Order of St John and of the way in which the original idealism of their hostel in Jerusalem was altered by forces of change has been neglected. The ultimate result of these forces was to change the main ideology of the brotherhood into an organisation which was dominated by knights and their desire to defend the Catholic Faith and the Crusader states. The importance of the original brothers and their position within the growth of the Order of St John changed. They became second class citizens in their own Order and this has been largely overlooked. In order to appreciate how this development took place it is necessary to trace the changing circumstances of the serving brothers within the various stages of the history of the Order and the way these affected their caritative service to pilgrims, the poor and the sick. The purpose and ideals which formulated the Hospice of St Mary of the Latins are the essential beginnings of such a study. Following the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders in 1099, the Hospice launched into a different phase of its history. The number of poor sick pilgrims visiting Jerusalem and being accommodated in the hospice or hospital, eventually forced the Hospital to become independent from its mother monastery. However, this became possible only after Pope Paschal II settled the problems of church and state experienced in the early years of the Kingdom.