<p> A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system has the potential to provide reliable transmissions at high data rates. However, the computational cost of achieving this promising performance can be quite substantial. With an emphasis on practical implementations, the MIMO systems employing the low cost linear receivers are studied in this thesis. The optimum space-time block codes (STBC) that enable a linear receiver to achieve its best possible performance are proposed for various MIMO systems. These codes satisfy an intra and inter orthogonality property, and are called unitary trace-orthogonal codes. In addition, several novel transmission schemes are specially designed for linear receivers with the use of the proposed code structure. The applications of the unitary trace-orthogonal code are not restricted to systems employing linear receivers. The proposed code structure can be also applied to the systems employing other types of receivers where several originally intractable code design problems are successfully solved.</p> <p>The communication schemes presented in this thesis are outlined as follows: •For a MIMO system with N ≥ M, where M and N are the number of transmitter and receiver antennas, respectively, the optimal full rate linear STBC for linear receivers is proposed and named unitary trace-orthogonal code. The proposed code structure is proved to be necessary and sufficient to achieve the minimum detection error probability for the system. • When applied to a multiple input single output (MISO) communication system, a special linear unitary trace-orthogonal code, named the Toeplitz STBC, is proposed. The code enables a linear receiver to provide full diversity and to achieve the optimal tradeoff between the detection error and the data transmission rate. This is, thus far, the first code that possesses such properties for an arbitrary MISO system that employs a linear receiver. • In MIMO systems in which N ≥ M and the signals are transmitted at full symbol rate, the highest diversity gain achievable by linear receivers is analyzed and shown to be N - M + 1. To improve the performance of a linear receiver, a multi-block transmission scheme is proposed, in which signals are coded so that they span multiple independent channel realizations. An optimal full rate linear STBC for this system that minimizes the detection error probability is presented. The code is named multi-block unitary trace-orthogonal code. The resulting system has an improved diversity gain. Furthermore, by relaxing the code from the full symbol rate constraint, a special multi-block transmission scheme is proposed. This scheme achieves a much improved diversity gain than those with full symbol rate. • The unitary trace-orthogonal code can also be applied to a system that employs a maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver rather than the simple linear receiver. For such a system, a systematic design of full diversity unitary trace-orthogonal code is presented for an arbitrary data transmission rate. </p> <p>In summary, when a simple linear receiver is employed, unitary trace-orthogonal codes and their optimality properties are exploited for various multiple antenna communication systems. Some members from this code family can also enable an optimal performance of ML detection. </P> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> In this thesis, we present a novel signalling scheme for blind channel identification of Alamouti space-time coded (STBC) channel and a space-time coded multiple-input single-output (MISO) system under flat fading environment. By using p-ary and q-ary PSK signals (where p and q are co-prime integers), we prove that a) under a noise-free environment, only two distinct pairs of symbols are needed to uniquely decode the signal and identify the channel, and b) under complex Gaussian noise, if the pth and qth order statistics of the received signals are available, the channel coefficients can also be uniquely determined. In both cases, simple closed-form solutions are derived by exploiting specific properties of the Alamouti STBC code and linear Diophantine equation theory.</p> <p> When only a limited number of received data are available, under Gaussian noise environment, we suggest the use of the semi-definite relaxation method and/or the sphere decoding method to implement blind ML detection so that the joint estimation of the channel and the transmitted symbols can be efficiently facilitated. Simulation results show that blind ML detection methods with our signalling scheme provide superior normalized mean square error in channel estimation compared to the method using only one constellation and that the average symbol error rate is close to that of the coherent detector (which necessitates perfect channel knowledge at the receiver), particularly when the SNR is high.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This thesis discusses the design of two Physical Layer Security (PLS) techniques on Software Defined Radios (SDRs). PLS is a classification of security methods that take advantage of physical properties in the waveform or channel to secure communication. These schemes can be used to directly obfuscate the signal from eavesdroppers, or even generate secret keys for traditional encryption methods. Over the past decade, advancements in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output systems have expanded the potential capabilities of PLS while the development of technologies such as the Internet of Things has provided new applications. As a result, this field has become heavily researched, but is still lacking implementations. The design work in this thesis attempts to alleviate this problem by establishing SDR designs geared towards Over-the-Air experimentation. The first design involves a 2x1 Multiple-Input Single-Output system where the transmitter uses Channel State Information from the intended receiver to inject Artificial Noise (AN) into the receiver's nullspace. The AN is consequently not seen by the intended receiver, however, it will interfere with eavesdroppers experiencing independent channel fading. The second design involves a single-carrier Alamouti coding system with pseudo-random phase shifts applied to each transmit antenna, referred to as Phase-Enciphered Alamouti Coding (PEAC). The intended receiver has knowledge of the pseudo-random sequence and can undo these phase shifts when performing the Alamouti equalization, while an eavesdropper without knowledge of the sequence will be unable to decode the signal. / Master of Science

This thesis presents the design of a communication system (PRCS) which improves on all aspects of the current state of the art 4G communication system Long Term Evolution (LTE) including peak to average power ratio (PAPR), data reliability, spectral efficiency and complexity using the most recent state of the art research in the field combined with novel implementations. This research is relevant and important to the field of electrical and communication engineering because it provides benefits to consumers in the form of more reliable data with higher speeds as well as a reduced burden on hardware original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The results presented herein show up to a 3 dB reduction in PAPR, less than 10-5 bit errors at 7.5 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) using 4QAM, up to 3 times increased throughput in the uplink mode and 10 times reduced channel coding complexity.

Ce mémoire de thèse porte sur la conception, la validation et l'application du codage canal en mode relais dans le cadre de système WiFi. A cette fin, le modèle de transmission coopératif est introduit dans le chapitre 1 et le chapitre 2 se consacre à l'étude du décodeur MIMO intégré dans le système coopératif. Le chapitre 3 se consacre à l'étude du protocole baptisé Relais-SISO et sa mise en œuvre dans le standard IEEE802.11a à 5 GHz. De nouvelles structures de trame sont proposées en ajoutant des préambules destinés à être exploités par le mode coopératif. Des résultats de simulation démontrent l'avantage de la technique coopérative. A notre connaissance, ces travaux sont les premiers à proposer une application du codage relais au WiFi. Le chapitre 4, une stratégie hybride basée sur la solution Relais-SISO est présentée car elle améliore les performances du système Relais-SISO. Le mode hybride proposé s'appuie sur l'évaluation de la qualité du lien coopératif pour activer ce mode. Dans le chapitre 5, l'optimisation du mode coopératif de la couche physique est réalisé en mettant en œuvre la chaîne de partitionnement du Golden Code. On met en évidence le fait qu'une simple combinaison de ce dernier et d'un code convolutif, fournit un gain de codage grâce au gain du déterminant du Golden code. Le travail serait incomplet sans tenir compte du nouveau standard WiFi IEEE802.11n ratifié en Octobre 2009. C'est l'objet du chapitre 6, qui propose un protocole coopératif, baptisé Relay-MIMO, qui exploite d'une manière conjointe la diversité MIMO et la diversité de coopération.

This thesis describes the use of a multi-amplitude minimum shift keying (MAMSK) signal in various types of wireless communication system. A MAMSK signal is a bandwidth efficient modulation scheme obtained by superimposing ℳ minimum shift keying (MSK) signals with unequal amplitudes. The overall phase of a MAMSK signal is controlled by the phase of the largest component MSK signal which allows the use of a low-complexity differential detector. A closed form expression for the average bit error rate (BER) for coherent detection of an MAMSK in AWGN is derived and is shown to achieve the same BER as that of square constellation quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with the same average transmit power. We describe the design and implementation of a STBC-based MIMO radio system in conjunction with MAMSK modulation. The proposed system provides high capacity data transmission by carrying information not only in the phases but also in the amplitude. Despite using a simple MAMSK differential receiver the system achieves performance within 1 dB of coherent detection. The existing MSK modems in conjunction with STBC could easily be modified to construct the proposed system. The MAMSK modulation scheme is extended to a multiuser relaying network where two nodes cooperate in a half-duplex environment to achieve diversity gain. The cooperative scheme is based on superposition modulation using a decode-and-forward (DF) strategy. In the proposed scheme, each node simultaneously transmits its own and the relayed signals by superimposing one on the other. A MAMSK signal is an excellent choice for this type of cooperative communication due its being obtained by a superposition technique. The proposed system exploits the overall phase of a MAMSK signal which allows differential detection and as a result it provides the lowest decoding complexity and memory requirements among the existing superposition based cooperation schemes. The performance of the system is evaluated by simulation, where it is shown that the MAMSK cooperative system outperforms a conventional DF scheme in terms of both power and bandwidth efficiency.

Cette thèse a pour but l'analyse des performances d'une communication radio en présence d'évanouissements et d'effet de masque. Le masquage, du aux obstacles entre l'émetteur et le récepteur, fait varier la probabilité d'erreur moyenne ("Symbole Error Probability" SEP). L'étude de la probabilité de coupure symbole (SEO "Symbol error Outage") définie comme la probabilité que le SEP moyen excède une valeur seuil est donc plus pertinent. La difficulté de son étude réside dans le fait qu'une inversion du SEP moyen par rapport au SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) est nécessaire. Par la méthode de Laplace nous donnons des approximations précises à tout SNR du SEP dans un canal de Nakagami-m et Rice dans le cas mono-antenne. Nous montrons ensuite que ces approximations sont inversibles par rapport au SNR et permettent d'exprimer analytiquement le SEO en fonction du SEP cible. Nous intégrons ensuite le codage canal et dérivons des expressions analytiques de la probabilité de coupure paquet pour un codage bloc puis un codage convolutif à entrée décidée. Nous étendons l'étude aux systèmes MIMO à codage bloc orthogonaux puis à multiplexage spatial où des formes exactes du SEO sont dérivées. Nous considérons le cas où des interférents sont présents. Nous dérivons une approximation précise et inversible de la probabilité d'erreur lorsque les signaux se propagent à travers un canal à évanouissements rapides de Rayleigh. Enfin parce que la prise en compte de l'interférence est un moyen avéré d'augmenter la capacité des réseaux, nous étudions les performances de la détection multiutilisateurs à maximum de vraisemblance (MUD-MLSE), dans un contexte WLAN à canaux recouvrant.

Dans la recherche de modulations adaptées à la voie descendante des réseaux cellulaires 4G, i.e. permettant le transfert de données à haut débit tout en garantissant une grande mobilité aux utilisateurs, les systèmes MC-CDMA s'affirment aujourd'hui comme des solutions à fort potentiel. Ces techniques reposent sur la combinaison des modulations à porteuses multiples et l'étalement de spectre qui permet l'accès multiple par répartition de code. En parallèle, les sytèmes MIMO constituent une nouvelle voie très prometteuse améliorant notablement l'efficacité spectrale des systèmes hertziens via la dimension spatiale. Cette thèse porte sur l'optimisation des systèmes MIMO/MC-CDMA par l'étude des codes temps-espace en blocs (STBC)ou en treillis (STTC).<br /><br />Après un état de l'art relativement exhaustif des systèmes MIMO en général et des codes temps-espace en particulier, nous proposons de nouveaux codes STBC orthogonaux, puis une représentation polynômiale permettant la comparaison des codes STTC existants. La combinaison STBC/MC-CDMA étudiée ensuite améliore sensiblement les performances d'un système MC-CDMA SISO tout en autorisant un décodage relativement simple. Leur optimisation repose sur des techniques de détection mono-utilisateurs ou multi-utilisateurs. Leur performances sont évaluées dans des configurations MISO ou MIMO, aussi bien sur des canaux théoriques que sur des canaux réalistes. Enfin, la combinaison STTC/MC-CDMA est étudiée.

As the demand of high data rate is increasing, a lot of research is being conducted in the field of wireless communication. A well-known channel coding technique called Space-Time Coding has been implemented in the wireless Communication systems using multiple antennas to ensure the high speed communication as well as reliability by exploiting limited spectrum and maintaining the power. In this thesis, Space-Time Coding is discussed along with other related topics with special focus on Alamouti Space-Time Block Code. The Alamouti Codes show good performance in terms of bit error rate over Rayleigh fading channel. The performance of Altamonte’s code and MIMO capacity is evaluated by using MATLAB simulation.

No description available.