Nursing education courses and professional development (PD) do not include coping and resilience training for registered nurses (RNs) who work in emergency departments (EDs). Exposure to traumatic events, death, and dying may lead to health issues, substance abuse, stress symptoms, nursing staff turnover, and compassion fatigue among ED RNs. Without training, the pattern of adverse outcomes may continue. The purpose of this study was to explore ED RNs' experiences with occupational traumatic stress (OTS), and their recommendations for change to nursing PD programs, using a qualitative bounded intrinsic case study. The conceptual framework for this study included social learning and experiential learning theories. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 7 licensed and employed ED RNs with more than 1 year in EDs and who volunteered to participate in the study. Data were examined analytically using descriptive, emotion, and patterns coding strategies and In Vivo to identify categories and themes. Based on nurses' experiences, ED RNs require a collaborative team training approach in learning and sharing opportunities regarding preparatory, de-escalation, and self-care strategies to overcome OTS. Based on the findings, a 3-day interactive PD workshop program was created for ED nurses to address those needs. These endeavors may contribute to positive social change by increasing wellness, cohesive ED teamwork, healthy stress management practices, better patient care, and reduced turnover for ED RNs. Furthermore, nurse educators may benefit from adding coping and resilience training to the nursing education curriculum to address and possibly mitigate the effects of OTS.

<p>Background: The stress in the society seems to having become more amplified and more trying. Statistics show that the appearance of stress related industrial diseases have increased strikingly. What can be stressing at the workplace? The work conditions are not the only thing that causes stress but no matter what the causes are employers have to restore the employees to their former positions. How are companies dealing with the problems of stress in reality? Do they have formulated strategies for how to manage the problems? </p><p>Purpose: The purpose with this essay is to try to see pattern in how companies manage and treat stress and stress related industrial diseases. </p><p>Realization: To distinguish patterns in the stress handling process, ten respondents from two case companies has been interviewed. The respondents are divided into three categories, which are employees that have been subjected to stress, those above them and trade-union colleagues. They have answered questions concerning stress and how their companies manage the stress problems that have occurred, with focus on goals and strategies, co-ordination forms and leadership. </p><p>Results: Within each group of respondents, some patterns can be seen regarding how companies have managed stress. However, the apprehension of stress management differs from one group to the other why, generally, there is not possible to distinguish any uniform patterns in the stress management.</p>

<p>Syftet med detta arbete var att beskriva vilka metoder för stresshantering personal på olika företagshälsovårder upplever att de använder sig av för att hjälpa kunder med stressrelaterade problem, samt vad deras egen uppfattning av anledningen är till den/de valda metoderna.</p><p> </p><p>Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fem personer med olika professioner på olika företagshälsovårder i Mellansverige undersöktes stresshantering. Det som frågades i intervjuerna var informanternas upplevelser av vilka stresshanteringsmetoder som används, anledningarna till användandet och anpassningar efter kunder. Någonting annat som undersöktes i studien var likheter och skillnader mellan de olika professionerna.</p><p> </p><p>Resultatet visade att avslappning var den vanligaste angivna metoden, strax före kroppskännedom, qigong, motion, medicin, mindfulness och massage. Andra verktyg informanterna uppgav att de använde sig av var samtal, förklaringar av kroppens reaktioner på stress, kartläggningssamtal, snabb tillbakagång till arbete samt positiva tankar och känslor. De beskrivna anledningarna till användandet av metoderna var främst upplevelsen av att de fungerade. Andra anledningar var vetenskapliga bevis på att de fungerar, utbildning i metoden, enkla att implementera samt tydliggörande för kunden.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to describe what methods for stress management staff on occupational health services perceive they use to help clients with stress related problems, and what there appreciation of reason is on choosing these methods.</p><p> </p><p>Through qualitative interviews with five people with different professions in different occupational health services of Central Sweden stress management was investigated. The things that were questioned in the interviews were the interviewees experience in which stress management methods they use, the reasons of the using and the adaption after clients. One other thing that was investigated was similarities and differences between the different professions. </p><p> </p><p>The result showed that relaxation were the most common method used, right before body awareness, qigong, physical exercise, medicine, mindfulness and massage. Other tools the interviewees informed they were using was conversation, explanations of the body reaction on stress, conversation to map the clients situation, a quick way back to work and positive thoughts and feelings. The interviewees described reasons to use the methods were mainly the experience that they work. Other reasons were scientific evidence that the methods work, education in the method, simplicity in implement them and clarification for clients.</p>

<p>During the last 30 years, studies have shown self-help to be effective in a number of areas, and to produce equal or close to equal results compared to face-to-face therapy. The Internet can reach a large number of people at a low cost and add the possibility of two-way communication to self-help, thereby offering cost-effective psychological treatments.</p><p>This thesis is based on four studies and aiming to investigate if self-help treatment conducted through Internet can reduce problems with insomnia, stress and headache and reach effect sizes comparable to previous minimal contact treatment studies. Other aims were to investigate cost-effectiveness, and to examine if adding regular telephone contact would reduce drop-out rates. Treatments involved psychological techniques previously proved to be effective for each problem.</p><p>The first study showed a significant decrease in headache severity, and 50% of the participants in the treatment condition showed a clinically significant improvement. In Study II an Internet-based stress management program resulted in significant reductions of perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Improvements were found in both groups, with stronger effects in the self-help treatment group. Study III, a sleep management program, resulted in statistically significant improvements in the treatment group on all main variables, including total sleep time, total wake time in bed, and sleep efficiency. Some improvements were also found in the control group. Follow-up data indicated that improvements were sustained. Study IV did not confirm the hypothesis that the drop-out rates during headache treatment should decrease significantly if adding short and regular telephone contacts.</p><p>Results from this thesis suggest that Internet is a medium well suited for therapy, with effect sizes comparable to face-to-face therapy, that using Internet as a medium for treatment can reduce costs while still maintaining similar results, and that adding a small amount of telephone contact does not decrease attrition.</p>

Background: The stress in the society seems to having become more amplified and more trying. Statistics show that the appearance of stress related industrial diseases have increased strikingly. What can be stressing at the workplace? The work conditions are not the only thing that causes stress but no matter what the causes are employers have to restore the employees to their former positions. How are companies dealing with the problems of stress in reality? Do they have formulated strategies for how to manage the problems? Purpose: The purpose with this essay is to try to see pattern in how companies manage and treat stress and stress related industrial diseases. Realization: To distinguish patterns in the stress handling process, ten respondents from two case companies has been interviewed. The respondents are divided into three categories, which are employees that have been subjected to stress, those above them and trade-union colleagues. They have answered questions concerning stress and how their companies manage the stress problems that have occurred, with focus on goals and strategies, co-ordination forms and leadership. Results: Within each group of respondents, some patterns can be seen regarding how companies have managed stress. However, the apprehension of stress management differs from one group to the other why, generally, there is not possible to distinguish any uniform patterns in the stress management.

During the last 30 years, studies have shown self-help to be effective in a number of areas, and to produce equal or close to equal results compared to face-to-face therapy. The Internet can reach a large number of people at a low cost and add the possibility of two-way communication to self-help, thereby offering cost-effective psychological treatments. This thesis is based on four studies and aiming to investigate if self-help treatment conducted through Internet can reduce problems with insomnia, stress and headache and reach effect sizes comparable to previous minimal contact treatment studies. Other aims were to investigate cost-effectiveness, and to examine if adding regular telephone contact would reduce drop-out rates. Treatments involved psychological techniques previously proved to be effective for each problem. The first study showed a significant decrease in headache severity, and 50% of the participants in the treatment condition showed a clinically significant improvement. In Study II an Internet-based stress management program resulted in significant reductions of perceived stress, anxiety and depression. Improvements were found in both groups, with stronger effects in the self-help treatment group. Study III, a sleep management program, resulted in statistically significant improvements in the treatment group on all main variables, including total sleep time, total wake time in bed, and sleep efficiency. Some improvements were also found in the control group. Follow-up data indicated that improvements were sustained. Study IV did not confirm the hypothesis that the drop-out rates during headache treatment should decrease significantly if adding short and regular telephone contacts. Results from this thesis suggest that Internet is a medium well suited for therapy, with effect sizes comparable to face-to-face therapy, that using Internet as a medium for treatment can reduce costs while still maintaining similar results, and that adding a small amount of telephone contact does not decrease attrition.

Syftet med detta arbete var att beskriva vilka metoder för stresshantering personal på olika företagshälsovårder upplever att de använder sig av för att hjälpa kunder med stressrelaterade problem, samt vad deras egen uppfattning av anledningen är till den/de valda metoderna.   Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fem personer med olika professioner på olika företagshälsovårder i Mellansverige undersöktes stresshantering. Det som frågades i intervjuerna var informanternas upplevelser av vilka stresshanteringsmetoder som används, anledningarna till användandet och anpassningar efter kunder. Någonting annat som undersöktes i studien var likheter och skillnader mellan de olika professionerna.   Resultatet visade att avslappning var den vanligaste angivna metoden, strax före kroppskännedom, qigong, motion, medicin, mindfulness och massage. Andra verktyg informanterna uppgav att de använde sig av var samtal, förklaringar av kroppens reaktioner på stress, kartläggningssamtal, snabb tillbakagång till arbete samt positiva tankar och känslor. De beskrivna anledningarna till användandet av metoderna var främst upplevelsen av att de fungerade. Andra anledningar var vetenskapliga bevis på att de fungerar, utbildning i metoden, enkla att implementera samt tydliggörande för kunden. / The aim of this study was to describe what methods for stress management staff on occupational health services perceive they use to help clients with stress related problems, and what there appreciation of reason is on choosing these methods.   Through qualitative interviews with five people with different professions in different occupational health services of Central Sweden stress management was investigated. The things that were questioned in the interviews were the interviewees experience in which stress management methods they use, the reasons of the using and the adaption after clients. One other thing that was investigated was similarities and differences between the different professions.    The result showed that relaxation were the most common method used, right before body awareness, qigong, physical exercise, medicine, mindfulness and massage. Other tools the interviewees informed they were using was conversation, explanations of the body reaction on stress, conversation to map the clients situation, a quick way back to work and positive thoughts and feelings. The interviewees described reasons to use the methods were mainly the experience that they work. Other reasons were scientific evidence that the methods work, education in the method, simplicity in implement them and clarification for clients.

With the rapid advancements in technology, researchers are seeking new ways to incorporate modern high-tech solutions such as virtual reality into treatment paradigms for stress. The current experiment explores the beneficial effects of immersing an individual into virtual reality after a stressful encounter. I examined the potential restorative effects of three unique immersive virtual reality environments by inducing stress and negative affect in sixty-nine participants and then randomly assigning them to freely explore one of three environments (a virtual nature setting, a virtual urban cityscape, or a neutral environment composed of solid geometric shapes) for ten minutes. Participants who explored the nature environment were found to have significantly improved affect (as measured by a standardized questionnaire), and significantly lower stress levels (as measured by self-report and skin-conductance levels) compared to those who explored the urban and geometric environments. The results suggest that virtual nature has restorative properties similar to real nature, and that simply immersing participants into a virtual nature setting can reduce stress. These results also suggest that the content of the virtual reality experience (i.e., whether it contains nature) is important in promoting restoration, and that in the absence of nature, stress levels remain unchanged.

The purpose of the present study was to prepare a Stress Management Program for the mothers of children with autism and to evaluate the effects of the program on depression, anxiety, and suicidal probability. It was hypothesized that the mothers of children with autism who attended the Stress Management Program would have lower depression, anxiety and suicidal probability whereas there would be no change in the depression, anxiety, and suicidal probability of mothers of children withautism who did not get any treatment. The participants of the study were 44 mothers of children with autism from Uyum Special Education Center and Ilgi Special Education Center. The data were gathered by administering four instruments / Beck Depression Inventory, Back Anxiety Inventory, Suicidal Probability Scale, and Demographic Information Form. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance Technique was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicated that there was a significant decrease in depression levels of mothers of children with autism after the Stress Management Program whereas anxiety and suicidal probability did not change significantly as a function of the Stress Management Program. For the mothers of children with autism who did not get any treatment, it was indicated that there were no difference in depression, anxiety and suicidal probability. The results were discussed within the context of the relevant literature.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Columbia International University, 2007. / "December, 2007." Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-169).