The objective of this study is to measure the level of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) price support system (PSS) applied to producers in the EU-15 and in Turkey. The producer subsidy estimate (PSE) method has been used to determine protection levels for selected cereal products from the beginning of the application of the PSE method in 1986 to date. In addition, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of the PSE in the light of CAP reforms and EU enlargements during the period 1986- 2003. The expected contribution of this study is to determine which support instruments, such as countervailing levies or direct payments (based on limited or unlimited area) against export subsidies, voluntary or compulsory set-aside measures and price interventions, are more appropriate for the CAP in reducing destabilizing effects on trade with selected products between the EU and Turkey with respect to distribution effects (how income is distributed between different groups involved in the production operation process). Does the current PSS of the CAP have positive effects on agricultural producers in Turkey as a non-member country? The major finding of this dissertation is the evaluation of benefits and costs of common agricultural policies of the EU on fair trade. The assessment of the PSE of the EU's CAP will be used to determine the impact of current support measures of the CAP reforms on fair trade and consumer welfare, and how the CAP measures can be reformed for the improvement of producer gain in accordance with fair trade. (author's abstract)

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 132-134).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-134). Also available in print.

Submitted by Luda Lee (luda.lee.sc@gmail.com) on 2017-05-03T20:29:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation_EBAPE_mestrado_Luda Lee_Final.pdf: 1581307 bytes, checksum: 547ae26c1c51f28e87c3cc2c14cc27f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-05-05T12:21:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation_EBAPE_mestrado_Luda Lee_Final.pdf: 1581307 bytes, checksum: 547ae26c1c51f28e87c3cc2c14cc27f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T14:52:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation_EBAPE_mestrado_Luda Lee_Final.pdf: 1581307 bytes, checksum: 547ae26c1c51f28e87c3cc2c14cc27f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / This study examines the sequential relationship between a firm’s innovation activity, export intensity and performance in emerging economies. Hypotheses were generated based on this framework, and they also modeled the roles played by government subsidy as moderator. Our hypotheses were tested on a sample that includes Chinese, Indian and Russian manufacturing firms. Results in a sequential model show that (1) innovation activity positively and indirectly affects firm performance through exporting, (2) government subsidy strengthens the positive relationship between export intensity and firm performance in emerging economies. However, although previous studies have theoretically identified that the government has a significant role on the relation between firm innovation and export performance, no empirical evidence could be found through this study. Our findings uphold previous theories that the effort of firms to develop their innovation leads to a firm’s increase of export and profit, and the moderating role of the government substantially affect export intensity in emerging economies.

Submitted by Felipe Mosca (felipemosca@gmail.com) on 2017-09-21T03:28:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeMoscaDissertacao.pdf: 1453772 bytes, checksum: df20ad2af6a37ee6726172ffffb00165 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2017-09-21T18:06:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeMoscaDissertacao.pdf: 1453772 bytes, checksum: df20ad2af6a37ee6726172ffffb00165 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeMoscaDissertacao.pdf: 1453772 bytes, checksum: df20ad2af6a37ee6726172ffffb00165 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / The housing and credit sector in Brazil distinguishes from advanced economies in many ways. A specific one is the social transfer created by the government to offer housing subsidies to lower income families. However, the current general equilibrium stochastic models created for the local economy still have to advance in order to evaluate what impacts this kind of policies can cause in a financial friction environment with different fiscal rules. We propose and estimate a model for Brazil, based on Gerali et al. (2010), with a subsidized housing sector that receives resources from two fiscal policy rules: distortionary taxation (over consumption, labor and capital income) and lump-sum taxation . The results shows that: (i) over distortionary rules, a positive policy rate shock produces a lower government budget and affects negatively restricted families’ housing demand, decreasing collateral value. (ii) a positive technology shock increases patient families’ housing demand. Over distortionary taxation, the increase of consumption and income tax smooth this effect. (iii) a nonanticipated subsidy shock produces less welfare for the families and increases inflation, output and consumption. However, the high policy and bank rates produces a recession cycle and reduces the housing demand. / O setor de habitação e crédito no Brasil se distingue dos países desenvolvidos em diversos aspectos. Um deles é a existência de transferências sociais criadas pelo governo para oferecer subsídios no setor de habitação às classes mais baixas. No entanto, os modelos estocásticos de equilíbrio geral (DSGE) existentes na economia local precisam avançar na avaliação do impacto que essas políticas podem causar em um ambiente de fricção financeira com diferentes formas de tributação. Nós propomos e estimamos um modelo baseado em Gerali et al. (2010) para o Brasil com transferências para habitação subsidiada que são financiadas por duas regras fiscais distintas: tributo distorcivo (consumo, renda do trabalho e capital) e tributo lump-sum. Os resultados apontam que: (i) no modelo distorcivo, a combinação de aumento das taxas de juros e de empréstimos e a diminuição na receita do governo faz com que as famílias restritas demandem menos housing, depreciando o colateral. (ii) a aceleração da economia causada por um aumento de produtividade eleva a demanda por housing das famílias pacientes. Esse efeito é suavizado no modelo com tributação distorciva devido ao aumento da receita tributária que financia as famílias restritas. (iii) um aumento não antecipado de transferência para subsidio habitacional gera perda de bem-estar das famílias, inflação e aumento do produto e consumo. No entanto, o aumento das taxas de juros e bancárias produz um ciclo recessivo e reduz a demanda por housing.

The main objective of this diploma thesis was to identify price, quality and the time priority of consumers in relation to food and to define the attitudes of the Czech consumers to organic food, respectively to individual bio commodities through a consumer research, then the basic shopping preferences and motivators/barriers.

The European Union has been a discussed subject for many years. The conversed areas have been everything from special state interests, refugee crisis, sizes of cucumbers and if the European Union has a sense of community. One of the most debatable fields has been the agricultural policy; control of goods by the union and influence on other markets. This study illustrates what the union controls in form of agricultural production, although mostly aspects around the international agency of the EU, illustrated by the common agricultural policy.   In the liberalised decade of 2010, the rich and powerful European Union still continues to maintain protectionism and customs, and at the same time conduct an aggressive expansion policy. Their current actions in this political area appear abnormal when observed from an analytical perspective. The nations within the EU are all in front line when it comes to everything from technical to democratic perspectives. They are all advocates of freedom, human rights and openness, but are at the same time part of this controlled and restrictive policy regarding their food.   The aim of this essay is not only to illustrate the relationship between the EU and its member states in question of agricultural policies. Also how less fortunate parts of the globe, in particular sub-Saharan African countries, are affected by the contemporary agricultural policies. The presented empirical material will be analysed through three political ideologies, which will represent conservatism, socialism and liberalism within the international political economy. The ideologies combined with the empirical material together with ideology analysis and qualitative text analysis will discuss the question of the essay, which will end up in the final analysis and conclusion.

The aim of the dissertation is the estimation of the profitability of cows breeding, keeping without market milk production at the agricultural company that farming in the marginal area. The agricultural company is farming in the southwest Bohemia, covering all agriculture land belonging to LFA area. This dissertation evaluates whole management of the cows breeding and the economic results at the years 2006 and 2007. The average status at the farm was 230 cows at 2006 and increment to 265 cows at 2007. The main factors affecting economic results of breeding cows keeping without market milk production are: fertility of cows, losses of calves, longevity of cows, optimum organization of breeding, price of the sale cattle and supports from EU and national subsidies. The results of the diploma thesis is, that the breeding cows keeping without market milk production is without supports from EU and national subsidies unprofitable, for attainment gain without supports from EU and national subsidies is important to decrease costs.

Em junho de 2013, o reajuste de R$ 0,20 na tarifa de ônibus gerou uma série de manifestações populares no país que acabaram fazendo alguns governos, como o da cidade de São Paulo, voltarem atrás e arcarem com essa diferença com as empresas de ônibus. Visto isso, o prefeito de São Paulo, Fernando Haddad, propôs uma política de municipalização de um tributo imposto sobre a gasolina, a CIDE, para financiar o transporte público urbano. Nesse contexto, foi encomendada uma pesquisa a Fundação Getúlio Vargas para responder a magnitude do impacto desse subsídio cruzado entre usuários do transporte privado e coletivo. Esse trabalho utiliza o resultado encontrado por essa pesquisa para responder qual o efeito sobre o tráfego da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo utilizando dados da Pesquisa de Origem e Destino de 2007. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a política de subsídio cruzado proporciona um baixo deslocamento no fluxo dos modos de transporte. Além disso, a análise de bem estar da política mostra que os mais favorecidos são os indivíduos de baixa renda. A estimação é feita com base em dois modelos de escolha discreta (Multinomial e Mixed Logit), separada por dois motivos de viagem: trabalho e estudo. E, as simulações de deslocamento de demanda utilizam dois valores de tributos, R$ 0,10 e R$ 0,50. / In June 2013, the increase of 0.20 BRL in bus fare has emerged a series of popular demonstrations in the country that ended up making some governments, such as the city of São Paulo, backtrack and pay out this difference with the buses company. So, the mayor of São Paulo, Fernando Haddad, proposed a policy of decentralization of a tax imposed on gasoline, CIDE, to finance urban public transport. In this context, a report was commissioned to Fundação Getúlio Vargas to respond the magnitude of the impact of cross-subsidy between users of private and collective transport. This work uses the results found in this report to answer the effect on traffic in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo using data from the Source and Destination Survey of 2007. Results show that the cross-subsidy policy provides a low offset in the flow modes of transport. Moreover, the analysis of welfare policy shows that the most favored are the low-income individuals. The estimation is based on two discrete choice models (Multinomial and Mixed Logit), separate for two reasons of trips: work and study. And the simulations of displacement demand use two values of taxes, 0.10 and 0.50 BRL.

In South Africa, writing and publishing scientific articles is an important activity of academic life. It not only enhances the academic status and profile of the author and his or her institution, but also contributes towards the subsidy transfers of the Department of Higher Education and Training to universities. Furthermore, academic promotion is increasingly subject to a strong track record of research publications. Most importantly, academic publishing is the primary vehicle for the advancement of scientific knowledge required to enhance the quality of life of the society and also to strengthen the economy. Therefore, the government introduced the Policy and Procedures for the Measurement of Research Output of Public Higher Education Institutions, 2003, as a tool to sustain and encourage research productivity in order to increase research output. However, despite the compelling advantages of academic publishing, research outputs of South African universities are very low and are largely contributed by a small number of academics. This dissertation set out to critically examine the implementation of the Policy and Procedures for the Measurement of Research Output of Public Higher Education Institutions, 2003, at the University of Pretoria and the University of Venda. The purpose of this study is to investigate the policy implementation challenges that exist in both universities in the effort to effectively implement the research output policy. The qualitative research methodology was adopted towards the realisation of the aims and objectives of the study. The study employs the 5-C Protocol Model of Policy Implementation as a critical apparatus for analysing data acquired through case studies, field interviews and textual analysis of relevant books and documents. This will provide the researcher with critical aspects of the policy that are important for the implementation process. Furthermore, the study recommends possible solutions and strategies for addressing the implementation challenges that were identified in the analysis. / Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / School of Public Management and Administration / unrestricted