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The main aim of this diploma thesis was to identify the international sales contract with a focus on the definition of the international sales contract, the sources of law which govern the international sales contract and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, with a closer focus on the formation of the contract and rights and rights and obligations of the buyer and the seller under the Vienna convention and the relevant case law for these issues, as well as the gaps in the Vienna convention. The methods used to develop this diploma thesis are analysis, description and synthesis. Analysis is used to the greatest extent in the third chapter, description is used especially within the first and second chapter and the synthesis is used within the recapitulations at the end of each chapter and within the summary. Within the first chapter I focused on the definition of the international sales contract and its distinction from the classical sales contract. The second chapter deals with the sources of law, which govern the international sales contract. In this chapter, I focus on the direct regulation, conflict of law rules, imperative legal norms, international treaties, European law, choice of law, international business practices, national law, lex mercatoria,...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-22T12:53:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Bertotti.pdf: 1610746 bytes, checksum: 755bfb65e31e65603773bd933570d16a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T12:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Bertotti.pdf: 1610746 bytes, checksum: 755bfb65e31e65603773bd933570d16a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-08 / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aims at analyzing the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) by examining most thoroughly the different interpretations of its text on the light of several western legal traditions. This analysis of the implications of such different interpretations will give rise to a discussion on the level of interpenetration among different legal systems. This, in turn, leads to an analysis of the impact of the conditions imposed by the Convention on its interpretation, which is considered a selfcontained autonomous ruling within the text of the Convention. As can be seen from a historical overview of the matter, the pursuit of unified regulations governing the international purchase and sale of goods is precisely the result of trade practices and of the consolidation of customary laws and principles. This thesis is thus based on the dynamics of this unifying process. The analysis will focus on its innovative feature of a consonant interpretation; an important structural element which may determine the success or failure of the text of the Convention when observed in different legal environments. It will be taken into consideration the role of the relation between governments and their institutions established with International Organizations, as well as that of the need for predictability when signing international agreements. Therefore, elements such as sovereignty and globalization are essential for a proper understanding of the impacts of this Convention in international law, namely, international trade laws / O objeto de estudo da tese ora apresentada versa sobre a Convenção de Viena sobre Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias, conhecida pela sigla em inglês CISG. O escopo de análise visa enfoque especial na interpretação do texto convencional, tendo em vista as diversas tradições jurídicas ocidentais. Da análise das implicações acerca da interpretação, depreender-se-á o grau de interpenetração entre os sistemas jurídicos, analisando o impacto das condições de interpretação delimitada pela Convenção, considerada regramento autônomo e autocontido no texto convencional. A busca pela unificação de normas que disciplinem a relação de compra e venda internacional é vislumbrada no estudo da historiografia como um dado decorrente das próprias práticas comerciais e na consolidação de regras e princípios de caráter consuetudinário. A tese é estruturada com base na dinâmica da unificação acerca das normas a respeito do comércio internacional, consubstanciado o principal ponto de análise de sua inovação na interpretação uniforme como ponto importante para o sucesso ou o fracasso do texto convencional quando da sua aplicação dentro dos diversos ambientes jurisdicionais. Reputar-se-á como relevante o papel do Estado e das suas instituições na relação com as Organizações Internacionais e a necessidade da previsibilidade dentro das relações contratuais no campo internacional. Assim, elementos como soberania e globalização são necessários para a correta apreensão dos impactos de referida Convenção no campo do direito internacional, notadamente o direito do comércio internacional

Suite à l’émergence de nouveaux moyens de communication et de transport, la seconde moitié du XXème siècle a connu un développement massif de la société internationale et des règles de droit attenantes. Malgré cet essor, la pensée de Bartin selon laquelle les règles de droit interne se projettent dans l’ordre international, ainsi que la mise en lumière de l’antériorité du droit interne par Batiffol, amènent à croire que le droit international privé n’est que le strict reflet du droit interne. Le droit international privé, bien qu’international par son objet, reste alors traditionnellement attaché au droit national pour y puiser sa source. Les relations juridiques entre personnes privées, comportant ou non un élément d’extranéité, sont ainsi envisagées au travers du prisme du droit interne. L’influence se réalise dès lors naturellement dans le sens du droit privé interne vers le droit international privé. Le but de cette étude est de rechercher et de justifier l’apparition d’un mouvement inverse : existe-il aujourd’hui une influence du droit international privé sur le droit interne français ? Le droit international privé, de par ses méthodes (la qualification, les règles de conflit, les règles matérielles) et son approche particulière des rapports de droit, détachée parfois de certaines considérations nationales, permettrait dorénavant de percevoir certaines faces cachées du droit interne. Si cette intuition venait à être confirmée, le droit international privé, tant conflictuel que matériel, devrait alors être considéré comme un modèle juridique moderne exerçant sa force d’attraction dans le droit interne qui l’avait initialement fait éclore. / Following the emergence of new means of communication and transportation, the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a massive development of the international society with its corresponding legal rules. However, the thought of Bartin that domestic law rules are projected into the international legal order, added to Batiffol opinion that domestic law always takes precedence over international law, lead us to believe that Private International Law is nothing but a strict reflection of domestic law. Although international by its object, Private International Law remains traditionally linked to domestic law where it draws its source. Therefore, whether or not containing a foreign element, legal relations between private persons are always considered through the prism of internal law. In that sense, domestic law does naturally shape International Private Law.The aim of this study is to investigate and justify the reverse movement : is there today an influence of Private International Law toward French law? By its methods (such as qualification, conflict of law rules or substantive rules), Private International Law in a specific approach of legal relationships that is detached from domestic considerations, allows to perceive some hidden aspects of internal law. If this were to be a confirmed intuition, conflicting and substantive Private International Law, should then be considered a new modern legal model, influencing the domestic law in which it originally blossomed.

It is universally acknowledged that international trade and cooperation have become key drivers of SMEs. Indeed, the success of SMEs in the sales sector depends upon their capacity to conquer the foreign market and compete with larger companies. Many SMEs today, in particular those in Central and West Africa, are very much aware of this reality. However, because of differences between domestic laws and their maladjustment, many African SMEs still struggle to enter the international market and compete with larger companies. It is therefore obvious that any SMEs that want to succeed in international commerce today will be called upon to confront different regulations, whether domestic, regional or international, which are often shaped according to the realities and expectations of a particular environment. The challenge today is to regulate and harmonise these different legal systems, in order to render the law identical in numerous jurisdictions. This process of unifying the law internationally, in particular the law of sale, started in 1920 and culminated in 1988, with the implementation of the CISG. This Convention, which has become the primary law for international sales contracts, endeavours to deal with this problem of differences in law between states on a global scale, by attempting to achieve a synthesis between different legislations, such as civil law, common law, socialist law, and the law regarding industrialised and Third World countries. Even though the CISG appears to be a compromise between different legal systems, the fact remains that it is not yet applicable in many countries, especially those in Central and West Africa, which are mostly still ruled by domestic and regional law, namely the OHADA. The purpose of this study is to attempt to analyse and compare the OHADA’s Uniform Act Relating to Commercial Law to the CISG, in order to identify similarities and differences between the two, and to determine, with regard to the operating mode and structure of SMEs in West and Central Africa, which one of the two legislations is more appropriate. / Private Law / LL. M.