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Marine salvage : from Rhodian law to Lloyd's open form, 2000.Gengan, Amsha. January 2003 (has links)
The origins of marine salvage law may be traced to a code of Rhodian Sea laws promulgated in 500BC. Presently, while salvage law retains the foundations of this early codification, it has undergone a complete metamorphosis in order to adapt to changing circumstances and new
challenges of the 20th and 21st century. Over the past few decades there have been many major oil spills. When they occurred each spill, for different reasons was declared as the most environmentally damaging. In their wake, they leave a trail of death and destruction of the eco-system. As public concern for and awareness of the marine environment increases, governments and salvors face increased pressure to avert wide-scale pollution. In these instances, the stakes are high and the necessity and effectiveness of professional salvage only too clear. This study investigates the role played by the professional salvor and considers how the developments in the law have impacted upon the salvor's role in salvage operations. This work has its genesis with this background in mind. It is essentially a study of the changes and developments in the law of Marine Salvage. The law relating to salvage is dynamic and international in nature. Dynamic in that it needs to adapt to new economic and environmental factors. This study examines and explains how these economic and environmental factors impacted upon and necessitated changes to the law of salvage. It is international, in that salvage operations invariably involve parties from
different countries. In some instances of large-scale pollution disasters the physical environment affected may encompass different countries/waters. At times the discussion into the practical aspects of the salvage operations, salvage tugs and the industry as a whole has a tendency to become rather technical. For this I make no apology, for the world of marine salvage has totally fascinated and captured my attention. In the international context the law relating to Salvage may be found in the International Convention on Salvage 1989. Many countries have ratified the convention and have subsequently enacted their own statutes based on the provisions of the Salvage convention. Other countries like South Africa have chosen not to ratify the convention and have formulated their own Statutes relating to the salvage.
The salvage laws of the United Kingdom are perhaps mostly widely used. Its popularity may be attributed to London being the salvage arbitration capital of the world as well as the influential use of LOF in salvage operations which stipulates English law as the lex contractus.
The United Kingdom has ratified the International Salvage Convention and enacted the Merchant Shipping (Salvage and Pollution) Act 1994 which gave effect to the provisions of the convention. The current statute regulating Salvage is the Merchant Shipping Act of 1995. The principal focus of this work will be English law, as applied in the United
Kingdom as well as South African law. Passing reference is also made to the
provisions of American law where relevant. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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An investigation into service delivery in the Mafikeng local municipality : a case study of solid waste management / D.J. TlhoaeleTlhoaele, D.J. January 2003 (has links)
The study investigated solid waste management in the Mafikeng Municipality
including the attitudes of the residents towards the waste management services
rendered by the municipality. The study found the followings: the main sources of
waste were from households due to minimal industrial activity in the area; that the
residents had negative attitudes and perceptions about the waste management
services provided by the Municipality. The majority of residents were not involved in
the identification of needs and management of solid waste. They wanted to take an
active role in the planning, design and implementation of the service especially
where the formulation of policies are concerned; adequate policy mechanisms need
to be adopted to enforce proper behaviour in waste disposal. The study recommends
that:
• the community be involved in planning, design and implementation of the
service especially where the formulation of policies are concerned.
• adequate policy mechanisms need to be adopted to enforce proper behaviour
in waste disposal. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2003
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An investigation into solid waste management in townships : the case study of Clermont, KwaZulu-Natal.Ngeleka, Precious S'thabile. January 2010 (has links)
An environmental challenge that is currently plaguing the South African townships in the
Metropolitan Area is the volume of solid waste being illegally disposed in open spaces along
road verges as well as in streams. The research aims to identify the root cause of illegal
dumping in the township of Clermont, Kwa-Zulu Natal. The researcher used quantitative,
qualitative and observation methodologies to collect data from member’s of the community of
Clermont. The severity of the problem will be measured by looking at different age groups;
level of income per household as well as gender. In general waste management and
environmental management has received little attention compared to other socio-economic
problems like un-employment.
As the bulk of the world’s population move from rural areas to urban areas, poverty is
becoming an increasingly urban phenomenon. Environmental problems range from
impairment of human health, economic and other welfare and extinction of the ecosystem.
The urban poor bear the greatest burden of urban environmental risks. The most significant
environmental challenge in South Africa is effectively management of waste. Currently the
focus in South Africa has been on waste disposal rather than on waste prevention.
Consequently there are no incentives for reducing waste and industries are not required to
submit plans for waste management when commencing a new business. Waste management
legislation is fragmented; as a result there is a lack of control in waste management.
This research will investigate whether community members are aware of what is expected
from them by the municipality and private waste collection companies. It will further analyse
at the norm of waste disposal within the developing countries compared to developed
countries. The study will attempt to provide practical solutions for the township of Clermont.
The study has five chapters. The first chapter introduce the problem, objectives and
hypothesis. The second chapter deals with the theoretical review to help the reader
understand different cases and how waste management handled in different parts of the
world. This has been done by looking at the international, national and local level, comparing
waste management trends. The third chapter describe the study area in detail and different
scientific methodologies researcher used to prove or disprove the hypothesis and objectives
that were set in the first chapter. Chapter four analyses all the data that was collected from
the community of Clermont and unpack other underlying factors that lead to poor waste
management in this township. For example the researcher will conclude using the data
collected if the frequency of waste collection is sufficient for the community and what can be
done to minimize illegal dumping. Chapter five, which is the last chapter of this dissertation
will suggest recommendations that can be used to correct all problems that associated with
illegal dumping in Clermont Township. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.
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A survey of solid wastes and their current and potential uses in building construction/Hanna, Makram A. M. January 1974 (has links)
No description available.
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Case study of a solid waste scavenger community with respect to health and environmentNipapun Kungskulniti January 1991 (has links)
Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-178). / Microfiche. / xiv, 178 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm
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Efficacy of a Multifaceted Gait Analysis Approach: Applications to Function following Limb Salvage Surgery for Bone SarcomaChristopher Carty Unknown Date (has links)
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of a multifaceted gait analysis approach using a group of twenty osteosarcoma patients who underwent limb salvage surgery. Mean age at time of surgery was 16.1 years (range: 7-29), mean age at time of evaluation was 23.55 years (range: 11-43). Nine patients were treated with a Stryker Howmedica Modular Resection System (Stryker Kalamazoo, USA) and eleven patients were treated with a Stanmore custom made prosthesis (Stanmore implants worldwide Ltd, Stanmore, UK). Ten control participants with a mean age of 24.9 (range: 14-36) were recruited for the study. Ethical approval was gained through The University of Queensland Ethics Committee and The Royal Children’s Hospital and Health Service district Ethics Committee. Investigations included subjective, kinematic, kinetic, electromyographic and bioenergetic assessments. The subjective assessment incorporated results from the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Rating Scale (MSTS) and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS). Overall impairment was found to be 83.33% according to results of the MSTS and overall disability was found to be 86.00% according to results of the TESS. Kinematic findings showed that limb salvage participants walked with reduced velocity (p < 0.01) and increased step asymmetry (p < 0.01). Patients exhibited an increase in plantarflexion during the loading response (p < 0.001) and during terminal stance (p < 0.05), and an increase in dorsiflexion during mid-stance (p < 0.001). Knee kinematics revealed reduced extension during the loading response (p < 0.001) and increased frontal plane excursion throughout the gait cycle (p < 0.01). Patients exhibited increased lateral lean during loading response at the trunk (p < 0.05). Kinetic findings revealed a reduction in the magnitude of vertical ground reaction force during the loading response (p < 0.001) and a reduction in the magnitude of the anterior/posterior ground reaction shear force during terminal stance (p = 0.01). Furthermore, the internal ankle plantarflexor moment in terminal stance was reduced (p < 0.001), all sagittal plane knee moments were reduced (p < 0.05) and the internal hip adductor moment in terminal stance was reduced (p < 0.01). Electromyographic findings found that the limb salvage participants activated their rectus femoris for a significantly prolonged period (p < 0.5) and exhibited increased bilateral co-contraction of their rectus femoris and medial hamstring muscles (p < 0.05) compared with control participants. Bioenergetic findings revealed that the limb salvage participants exhibited an increased energetic cost (p < 0.01) and consumption rate (p < 0.01). Moderate correlations were observed between electromyographic and bioenergetic findings. Multivariate methods suggested that muscle removal, knee extension strength and knee flexion range of motion were all significant predictors of locomotor function. Length of bone resection and time from surgery were not predictive of post-operative function. The findings supported the efficacy of a multifaceted gait analysis approach for the assessment of pathological function under research conditions. The combined approach, using multiple measurements, allowed determination of functional status following musculoskeletal alteration. This enabled identification of primary and secondary compensations and allowed recommendations for improved treatment and rehabilitation.
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Forest response to tornado disturbance and subsequent salvage logging in an East Tennessee oak-hickory forest 14 years post-disturbance /McGrath, Jonathan Charles, January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Oct. 23, 2009). Thesis advisor: Wayne Clatterbuck. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Legislative support for waste reduction initiatives /Liu, Wai-leung. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 60-67).
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Promoting sustainability mental models research to inform the design of a campus recycling program /Olson, Lauren K. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Community, Agriculture, Recreation, and Resource Studies, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 3, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-146). Also issued in print.
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Influence of postfire salvage logging on Black-backed woodpecker nest-site selection and nest survivalForristal, Christopher David. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (MS)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2009. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Jay J. Rotella. Includes bibliographical references.
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