I vår studie har vi undersökt hur journalister gestaltar tre amerikanska skolskjutningar i svensk och amerikansk press. Skolskjutningarna ägde rum på Columbine High School, Virginia Tech och Sandy Hook Elementary School. Vi har analyserat sammanlagt 91 texter publicerade i Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter och New York Times. Teorierna vi har valt till vår studie är gestaltningsteori, media events och moralpanik. Kvantitativt har vi undersökt hur journalisterna valt att gestalta gärningsmännen och vilka som fått komma till tals i artiklarna. Kvalitativt har vi närstuderat 12 texter med fokus på skillnaderna mellan de svenska och amerikanska journalisternas gestaltning. Slutsatserna vi kan dra från vår studie är att rapporteringen skiljer sig åt mellan svenska Dagens Nyheter och amerikanska New York Times. De amerikanska journalisterna har större benägenhet att gestalta överlevande i skolskjutningar som “hjältar” och gärningsmännen som “onda personer”. De svenska journalisterna dramatiserar händelserna med fokus på sorg och tragedi. Både de svenska och amerikanska journalisterna väljer att gestalta gärningsmännen som unika individer.

Sandy soils are among the least productive soils because of their inability to store adequate water for plant growth. Their high percolation rate not only allows water to move quickly beyond the root zone, but also washes nutrients below the reach of plant roots. High evaporation occurs from the soil surface. Many acres of these soils around the world are left out of crop production. This study is a contribution to bring these soils into production by increasing their ability to hold more water in the root zone. Several promising methods of enhancing these soils were simulated, surface mulch, buried barrier layer, and a combination of both. The effects of varying texture and thickness of these layers and varying evaporative demand were investigated. The impact of such modifications on solute distribution in the soil was also simulated. A simulation model of water and solute transport in layered soils was developed for this purpose. The Richards equation for one-dimensional water transport in unsaturated soils was modified to account for the water jump between the layers. The solute transport equation was also modified by implementing the same theory of water infiltration in layered soil to the solute convective transport. The Crank-Nicolson scheme was used to solve the transport equations with the help of the Newton-Raphson iteration method. The results of the simulation show that the proposed methods increase water content in the sandy soil by up to 45%. The combination of barriers, which decreases leaching and evaporation was the most effective in conserving water. Most of the contribution came from the influence of the mulch layer in suppressing water losses by evaporation. The combination method traps solute in the root zone, and this decreased solute leaching from the soil may limit plant growth in saline soils. / Graduation date: 1993

This dissertation presents an investigation of the effects of a stochastic component of sediment transport in sandy rivers in an attempt to gain information about the transport system and its implications for the evolution of Earth's surface topography. First, a method for characterizing the geometries of bed forms is introduced and compared to previously proposed methods. This new method is then implemented on a field dataset as well as laboratory dataset and the results are compared to those obtained by traditional methods. Second, a method for characterizing the dynamic evolution of the bed geometries is demonstrated. It produces a velocity scale, the mean migration rate of the bed topography, and a deformation scale, the evolutionary departures of the bed topography from pure migration. These scales are calculated for the field and laboratory data and are compared. The flux of bed sediment is then shown to depend on the stochastic component of bed evolution. The fluxes for each dataset are calculated, they are related to the environmental conditions causing the transport of sediment, and suggestions are made for the design of field campaigns that attempt to measure sediment transport by repeated surveys of bed topography. Finally, the implications of stochasticity for sediment transport are investigated. A null hypothesis is formulated for topographic change by a stochastic process. Then the effects of measurement and field collection methods on the null hypothesis are evaluated. The most important prediction is non-trivial behaviors in measurable rates of surface change at short timescales. This prediction is then evaluated with field data from a growing sandy channel network whose behaviors can be determined at timescales of decades to centuries (dendrochronology), tens of thousands of years (cosmogenic radiochemistry), and hundreds of thousands to millions of years (age of channel system and sediments through which it cuts). These three investigations create a coherent account of the expressions and implications of variability in the transport of sediment, and therefore the evolution of topography, in sandy river systems that can then be generalized to changes across Earth's surface. / text

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-142).

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-166).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains viii, 105 p. including illustrations and maps. Bibliography: p. 37-40.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-14T15:53:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison Van Der Linden de Almeida.pdf: 1873549 bytes, checksum: d2a79be9c753493a5173b287d1cdc143 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T15:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alison Van Der Linden de Almeida.pdf: 1873549 bytes, checksum: d2a79be9c753493a5173b287d1cdc143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the meridional agreste of Pernambuco, the Regolithic Neosoil are used in various agricultural activities, which includes the production of beans. The productive potential of these soils may be different between the municipalities of occurrence due to the physicalhydric behavior exhibited by these soils, or the occurrence of lamellae in some areas, which may contribute to greater production. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological, chemical and hydro-physical characteristics of Regolithic Neosoil located in the meridional agreste of Pernambuco in order to understand the behavior of water in these soils. Morphological, physical, chemical, water, mineralogical and micromorphological attributes of three profiles, being P1 (Caetés), P2 (Paranatama) and P3 (São João) were analyzed. Lamellae were found in horizons C1 and C2 of P3, which may be related to an increase in water retention profile. The morphological and chemical characteristics showed no differences to justify a differential productive bean between profiles. The micromorphology and hydric study showed that P3 has greater capacity to retain water, better distribution of pore diameters, and has a porosity and packaging material that promotes increased water retention than P1 and P2, mainly in C2 horizons and C4. The characteristics of P3 make this profile presents a higher yield potential than the profiles P1 and P2. / No Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco os Neossolos Regolíticos são utilizados em diversas atividades agrícolas, onde se destaca a produção de feijão. O potencial produtivo desses solos pode ser diferente entre os municípios de ocorrência em virtude do comportamento físico-hídrico apresentado por esses solos, ou pela ocorrência de lamelas em algumas áreas, que podem contribuir para uma maior produção. Objetivou-se no presente estudo analisar as características morfológicas, químicas e físico-hídricas de Neossolos Regolíticos localizados no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco com a finalidade de se entender o comportamento da água nesses solos. Foram analisados os atributos morfológicos, físicos, químicos, hídricos, mineralógicos e micromorfológicos de três perfis, sendo P1 (Caetés), P2 (Paranatama) e P3 (São João). Foram encontradas lamelas nos horizontes C1 e C2 do P3, que podem estar ligadas a um aumento da retenção de água nesse perfil. Os atributos morfológicos e químicos não mostraram diferenças que justificassem um diferencial produtivo de feijão entre os perfis. O estudo hídrico e micromorfológico mostrou que o P3 apresenta maior capacidade de retenção de água, melhor distribuição dos diâmetros de poros, além de possuir uma porosidade e empacotamento do material que favorece uma maior retenção de água que os P1 e P2, principalmente nos horizontes C2 e C4. Essas características do P3 fazem com que esse perfil apresente um maior potencial produtivo que os perfis P1 e P2.