This essay examines anticipation and real outcome structured as two oppositions in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. These opposites will be analyzed through Austen’s use of literary devices such as “free indirect speech” and irony. Pride and Prejudice is written in third-person, but the focus is often limited to Elizabeth’s perspective, creating what is termed free indirect speech, a narrative technique that Austen is considered to be one of the first novelists to use. While the omniscient narrator seems all-knowing and gives the illusion of being objective, she is deliberately selective in her choice of what aspects of the story that she wants to emphasize, which makes her subjective. That the narrator is both objective/omniscient and subjective/limited brings out an opposition between the anticipated and real outcome. Austen also uses irony as a literary device, which too can be interpreted as a kind of opposition used to bring out anticipated and real outcome.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which soil loses a large percentage of its shear resistance due to increased pore water pressure and flows like a liquid. Undrained cyclic loading conditions during earthquakes cause liquefaction of soils, which can lead to catastrophic failures such as bearing capacity failures, slope failures and lateral spreads. The concepts and mechanisms of liquefaction were studied extensively by many researchers. Though the factors affecting the liquefaction response of soils during earthquakes are well documented in literature, there are still some gray areas in understanding the individual and combined effects of factors like frequency, gradation, fines content and surcharge pressure on the initiation of liquefaction. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of ground motion, soil and site parameters on the initiation of liquefaction in saturated sand beds through laboratory shaking table model tests and numerical studies. Shaking table tests are carried out using a uniaxial shaking table on sand beds of 600 mm thickness. The initiation of liquefaction was observed and identified by measuring the pore water pressure developed during the sinusoidal cyclic loading. Free field liquefaction studies are carried out on sand beds to study the influence of ground motion parameters, namely, input acceleration and frequency of shaking on liquefaction. These studies revealed that acceleration is one of the important parameters that can affect the initiation of liquefaction in sands. Increase in acceleration reduces the liquefaction resistance of sand and a small increase in acceleration can trigger liquefaction. Frequency of shaking did not affect the initiation of liquefaction at lower frequencies but a threshold frequency which triggered instant increase in the excess pore pressures is observed. Liquefaction caused slight initial amplification followed by de-amplification of accelerations due to the stiffness reduction in soils during liquefaction, the effect being more pronounced in the top layers of the sand bed. Pore water pressure ratios during dynamic loading decreased with depth below the surface of the sand bed due to the low initial effective vertical stress and upward transmission of pore pressure during undrained loading. Shaking table tests are carried out to study the influence of soil parameters such as relative density, thickness of dry overlying sand layer and gradation. Relative density of sand can influence the liquefaction potential of sand to a great extent, about 10% increase in relative density bringing down the probability of liquefaction by about 50%. With the increase in height of dry overlying sand layer, liquefaction potential has decreased nonlinearly. Change in grain size altered the pattern of liquefaction and pore pressure development and it is observed that the liquefaction in finer sands is influenced by the frequency of shaking to a larger extent. Surcharge pressure from building loads increased the liquefaction potential and heavier structures got liquefied at lower pore water pressure ratios. Significant post-liquefaction de-amplification was observed in sand beds with surcharge pressure. Parametric numerical analyses are carried out using finite difference program FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) with FINN model to measure pore water pressures in the sand bed. Results from numerical analyses with change in the acceleration, surcharge pressure and thickness of dry overlying layer agreed well with the experimental results. However, effect of frequency in numerical studies did not match with the experimental observations, because of the inherent boundary effects in the experimental models. Results from this thesis provided important insights into the development of pore water pressures in sand beds during cyclic loading events, apart from enhancing the understanding towards the effect of various ground motion, site and soil parameters on the initiation of liquefaction in sand beds.

Hyaloclastic sediment forms an identifiable stratigraphic interval within the Troutdale Formation that can be traced from the Bridal Veil channel to the Portland basin. Hyaloclastic sediment composed chiefly vitric sands is found interbedded with muds, sandy muds and gravels penetrated by wells in northeast Portland are correlated with the upper member of the Troutdale Formation. These beds are characteristic of the informal upper member of the Troutdale Formation in the Bridal Veil channel of the ancestral Columbia River (Tolan and Beeson, 1984) and the type area of the Troutdale Formation exposed along the Sandy River (Trimble, 1963). Fluvially deposited hyaloclastic beds within the upper Troutdale Formation are interpreted to be the result of interaction of Cascadian basaltic lavas with an ancestral Columbia River (Tolan and Beeson, 1984; Trimble, 1963). Glass clasts taken from well and outcrop samples have nearly identical trace and minor element geochemical content as determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 D56 / Master of Science / Agronomy

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Eksteen method of lime requirement determination, based on the ratio of Ca+Mg:H (R-value), is widely used in the Western Cape and has proven to be extremely accurate for most soils. However, the Eksteen method is known to give erroneous predictions of lime requirement for certain soil groups. These include sandy soils (notably pale coloured sandy soils), organic-rich topsoils and strongly structured, Mg-rich subsoils. The objective of this study was to examine the nature of the Eksteen RpH relationship for these problem soils, and to develop appropriate modifications to the Eksteen method, where possible. A population of both normal and problem soils was selected and analysed, the RpH relationships of the soils were determined, and various relationships were examined. The principal findings with regard to the nature of the Eksteen RpH relationship were as follows: 1. The lime requirements of pale coloured sandy soils can be most accurately determined on an equivalent basis relative to the total extractable acidity, after the total extractable acidity has been corrected for residual lime. 2. The previously observed and acknowledged inaccuracy of the Eksteen method on organic-rich soils stems from the pH-dependant acidity component of the organic matter. The accuracy with which the lime requirement of these soils is predicted by the Eksteen method can be greatly improved by the application of an organic matter correction factor (OMCF) to the total extractable acidity, which is the parameter on which the lime requirement is then based. 3. In structured, Mg-rich subsoils the pH-neutralising capacity of Mg is considerably lower than that of Ca, a factor which is not taken into account by the Eksteen method. The Eksteen method can nevertheless be corrected to overcome this discrepancy. The high levels of Mg in the structured, Mg-rich subsoils cannot be attributed to minerals in these subsoils containing brucite interlayers. 4. Toxic levels of AI may only be expected at soil pH values below approximately 4.7 as determined in 1M KC!. Soil organic matter and CEC have marked affects on AI extractability. In accordance with the objective that appropriate modifications to the Eksteen method should be developed if possible, theoretically-based correction factors were developed which will permit the use of the Eksteen method to be confidently extended to those soil groups (pale coloured sandy soils, organicrich topsoils and strongly structured, Mg-rich subsoils) for which it was formerly considered unreliable. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Eksteen metode van kalkbehoeftebepaling, gebaseer op die verhouding van Ca+Mg:H (R-waarde), word oor die algemeen wyd in die Wes-Kaap gebruik en is baie akkuraat vir meeste gronde bewys. Dit is egter bekend dat die Eksteen metode verkeerde kalkbehoeftes vir sekere grondgroepe voorspel. Hierdie sluit sanderige grande (veral lig gekleurde sandgronde), organiesryke bogrande en sterk gestruktuurde, Mg-ryke ondergronde in. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die aard van die Eksteen R:pH verwantskap vir hierdie probleemgronde te bepaal, waar moontlik. 'n Populasie van beide normaal en probleemgrande is geselekteer en geanaliseer, die R:pH verwantskap van die grande is bepaal en verskeie verwantskappe is ondersoek. Die hoof bevindinge ten opsigte van die aard van die Eksteen R:pH verwantskap was as volg: 1. Die kalkbehoefte van lig gekleurde sandgronde kan akkuraat bepaal word op 'n ekwivalente basis, relatief tot die totale ekstraheerbare suurheid, nadat die totale ekstraheerbare suurheid gekorrigeer is vir residuele kalk. 2. Die voorheen bekende onakkuraatheid van die Eksteen metode op organiesryke gronde het sy oorsprong by die pH-afhanklike suurheid komponent van organiese material. Die akkuraatheid waarmee die kalkbehoefte van hierdie grande met behulp van die Eksteen metode voorspel kan word, kan noemenswaardig verbeter word deur die totale ekstraheerbare suurheid te korrigeer met behulp van 'n organiese materiaal korreksie faktor (OMKF). Die aangepaste totale ekstraheerbare suurheid is dan die parameter waarap die kallkbehoefte gebaseer word. 3. In gestruktuurde, Mg-ryke ondergrande is die pH-neutraliseringsvermoe van Mg aansienlik laer as die van Ca, 'n faktor wat seide in berekening gebring word by die Eksteen metode. Die Eksteen metode kan tog gekorrigeer word om hierdie tekortkoming te oorkom. Die hoe vlakke van Mg in gestruktuurde, Mg-ryke ondergrande kan nie aan die teenwoordigheid van minerale in die ondergrond, wat brusiet tussenlae bevat, toegeskryf word nie. 4. Toksiese AI vlakke sal alleenlik by grond pH waardes laer as ongeveer 4.7, soos bepaal in 1M KCI, verwag word. Grand organiese materiaal en KUK het 'n noemenswaardige effek op ekstraheerbare AI. In ooreenstemming met die doelwitte om toepaslike wysigings aan die Eksteen metode aan te bring, is teoreties gebaseerde korreksiefaktore ontwikkel, wat die gebruik van die Eksteen metode verder verbreed om daardie grondgraepe (lig gekleurde sanderige grande, organies-ryke bogrande en sterk gestruktuurde, Mg-ryke ondergrande) in te sluit waarvoor dit vantevore as onbetraubaar beskou is.

L’étude biogéochimique des sédiments sableux perméables est un domaine nouveau : le rôle de ces environnements dans les cycles biogéochimiques a longtemps été négligé en raison de leur pauvreté en matière organique et de la complexité des processus transitoires s’y déroulant. Les plages sableuses sont en effet soumises à de nombreux forçages physiques, dont la marée, la houle et la connexion avec l’aquifère continental. Le processus d’advection y est le mode de transport dominant. De grands volumes d’eau de mer chargée en matière organique sont plus ou moins filtrés par les sédiments perméables intertidaux. Le principal objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser les processus biogéochimiques induits par la recirculation de l’eau de mer et les apports d’eau douce dans la zone intertidale dans le cas d’une plage soumise à de fortes conditions hydrodynamiques : la plage du Truc Vert. Un suivi saisonnier des propriétés physico-chimiques des eaux porales a montré que les processus de respiration aérobie interviennent en zone intertidale, dans la lentille de recirculation de l’eau de mer. A l’échelle du littoral aquitain, ces processus représentent un apport annuel de 610 tonnes de nitrate et de 4400 tonnes de carbone inorganique dissous pour l’océan côtier, soit l’équivalent des apports de la Leyre, un petit fleuve drainant un bassin versant de 2000 km2 au sud-est du Bassin d’Arcachon. La macrofaune benthique est dominée par les Crustacés. Ces individus sont caractéristiques de ces milieux complexes, qu’ils subissent mais ne contrôlent pas : la macrofaune benthique contribue faiblement aux processus de respiration aérobie. Seuls 2% du déficit en oxygène des eaux porales du bas de plage leur est attribué en moyenne : les flux biogéochimiques observés en zone intertidale sont donc majoritairement induits par les processus de respiration aérobie des micro-organismes présents dans le sédiment. Soutenus par l’apport régulier d’oxygène dissous dans le milieu poral à chaque marée, ces processus sont également contrôlés par la température et la variabilité des apports de matière organique.Le déploiement de sondes autonomes dans le sédiment de la zone intertidale a également permis de préciser la variabilité à court terme des propriétés des eaux porales. L’extension de la lentille intertidale de recirculation de l’eau de mer est ainsi variable en fonction du marnage et les teneurs en oxygène mesurées en un point fixe de la plage varient légèrement en fonction de ce cycle. Ce travail a donc permis de démontrer que les processus de respiration aérobie varient principalement à l’échelle saisonnière. L’impact ponctuel et local des conditions météorologiques et de la houle a également été mis en évidence. Nous avons démontré l’existence d’un estuaire souterrain sous la plage du Truc Vert. La dynamique de ce système a été explorée grâce à l’installation de piézomètres en haut de plage. L’apport d’eaux douces continentales représente une source supplémentaire de nitrate et de carbone inorganique dissous pour l’océan côtier. L’étude biogéochimique de la nappe phréatique en arrière dune indique l’existence d’un découplage entre le front salin et le front redox au sein de l’estuaire souterrain, ainsi que l’existence d’un intense dégazage de CO2 au niveau de la dune.Les travaux réalisés durant cette thèse permettent de mieux comprendre les processus à l’œuvre dans les sédiments sableux des plages exposées et permettront ainsi le développement de modèles numériques complexes liant hydrologie et biogéochimie. Ils entraînent également de nombreuses perspectives à propos du rôle des plages sableuses à l’échelle locale (en cas de pollution par exemple) mais aussi sur les cycles biogéochimiques globaux, notamment en lien avec le réchauffement climatique et l’élévation du niveau marin (rejets de CO2, salinisation des aquifères côtiers). / Biogeochemical studies in permeable sandy sediments are recent: the role of these environments in biogeochemical cycles was neglected because of their poverty in organic matter and the complexity of transient processes affecting them. Sandy beaches are subject to various physical forcings like tide, waves and connexion with continental groundwaters. Advection is the leading mode of transport. Huge volumes of organic matter-bearing seawater are potentially filtered by permeable intertidal sediments. The main objective of this study was to characterize biogeochemical processes induced by seawater recirculation and groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone of an exposed beach: the Truc Vert beach.Seasonal monitoring of pore water properties showed that aerobic respiration processes occurred in the seawater recirculation plume. Extrapolated to the 240 km-long Aquitanian coast, these processes represent each year an annual release of 610 tons of nitrate and 4400 tons of dissolved inorganic carbon, i.e. the equivalent of the Leyre input, a small river draining a catchment area of 2000 km2 at the southeast part of the Arcachon lagoon.The benthic macrofauna is dominated by Crustaceans. These organisms have a low impact on biogeochemical cycles: the contribution of benthic macrofauna on oxygen deficits observed in the lower beach pore waters is insignificant (< 2%). Biogeochemical fluxes observed in the intertidal zone are mainly induced by the aerobic respiration of microorganisms living in the sediment. Supported by regular tidal inputs of dissolved oxygen on the pore space, these processes varied seasonnally with temperature and organic matter availability.The deployment of autonomous probes into the sediment of the intertidal zone allowed us to clarify the short-term variability of pore water properties. Extension of the intertidal saline plume evolved with the tidal amplitude. Oxygen levels measured at a given point of the beach varied slightly with the lunar cycle. This work showed that aerobic respiration processes varied mainly at the seasonal scale. The local impact of weather and swell was also evidenced.We showed the presence of a subterranean estuary in the Truc Vert beach and its dynamics was explored through the deployment of wells in the upper beach. The input of continental freshwater represents an additional source of nitrate and dissolved inorganic carbon in the coastal ocean. Chemical properties of the fresh groundwater located upstream the beach indicated a decoupling between the salinity gradient and the redox bareer within the subterranean estuary, as well as an intense CO2 degassing at the dune.This study allows to better understand the processes occuring in sandy sediments of exposed beaches and will allow to develop complex numerical models linking hydrological and biogeochemical processes. This work also provides many perspectives on the role of sandy beaches, both locally (in case of pollution, for example) and on global biogeochemical cycles, especially in relation to global warming and sea-level rise (CO2 emissions and seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers).

Beach grain size plays a major role in controlling beach slope and sediment transport rates and is a crucial criterion in selecting the appropriate fill material for beach nourishment. Yet, little is known about how and why beach grain size (and sorting) varies both spatially and temporally on high-energy sandy beaches. Therefore, in this PhD research project, the presence, magnitude and predictability of any spatio-temporal sediment variability was investigated on a number of contrasting high-energy (average significant wave height = 0.8 to 3.5 m), predominantly macrotidal (MSR = 3.1 – 6.2 m), sandy (0.26 – 0.64 mm) beach sites around the southwest peninsula of the United Kingdom (UK). The spatial extent of the data collected ranges from regional (one off snapshot of the sediment conditions on 53 beaches over 485 km of coastline) to local scales (repeated high-resolution samples from across the inter- and subtidal zone of a single high-energy sandy beach; Perranporth, UK). The temporal scales of the sampling ranges from tidal scale (~12 hours) up to monthly (long-term monitoring since 2008). A combination of traditional and modern field data collection methods has provided new insights into the sediment dynamics of sandy beaches. Surface and 0.25 m core sediment samples from the 53 beaches around the southwest UK and high-resolution digital measurements with longer 1 m sand cores from the intertidal zone, plus grab samples from the subtidal zone, at Perranporth, indicated the presence of three quasi-permanent spatial trends. On all sandy beaches, surface sediments became coarser (and better sorted) in the seaward direction across the intertidal zone. Peak sediment sizes were observed on the lower beach around mean low water springs, which were an average 19% coarser (and 8% better sorted) than sediments sampled on the upper intertidal beach. Sediment size (and sorting) also increased (improved) with distance down the sediment column over the top 0.25 m to 1 m. Peak sediment sizes at depth were an average 16% coarser (and 16% better sorted) than surface sediments. In the subtidal zone, surface sediments became finer and poorer sorted with increasing offshore distance. Minimum sediment size occurred on the subtidal bar crest and were an average 21% finer (and 51% poorer sorted) than the lower beach sediments and 5% finer (and 38% poorer sorted) than upper beach sediments. The coarsest sediments were usually the best sorted at all locations. The intertidal coarsening was deterministically linked to the location and amount of breaking wave-induced turbulence. The peak sediment sizes (and sorting) on the lower beach correlated with the location of peak wave dissipation (sediment size to amount of wave dissipation, r2 = 0.86) and the finer sediment sizes on the upper beach and bar were coincident with reduced amounts of wave dissipation in these regions. Long-term seasonal monitoring of the surface sediments at Perranporth indicated a background seasonality, where the winter months were an average 35% coarser and 22% better sorted than samples collected in summer. This seasonal pattern was punctuated by episodic storm events that promoted a significant coarsening (up to 112% in the extreme winter storms of 2014) of the surface sediments and significant beach erosion up to 175 m3/m. An empirical model forced by the degree of disequilibrium between an instantaneous and antecedent (weighted average) wave steepness time series was able to capture up to 86% of the sediment grain size and sorting variability, incorporating both the seasonal and storm driven change. The same model, applied to daily observations of sediment size and sorting changes was able to explain 72% of the variability. A conceptual model is proposed that extends the cross-shore sediment transport shape functions to include the various sediment (size and sorting) responses alongside the morphodynamic evolution during persistently high and low wave steepness conditions. Under high steepness waves, the finer material is preferentially removed from the lower intertidal beach, leaving behind coasrer sediments. This fine material is transported to the subtidal bar, which becomes finer (and more poorly sorted) inversely with the coarsening (and improved sorting) of the intertidal zone sediments. Under low steepness waves, this fine material is returned from the bar to the intertidal beach. This work provides a detailed, quantitative insight into the magnitude of sediment grain size and sorting changes exhibited by sandy beaches on a number of spatial and temporal scales. Several consistent trends were observed on a range of sandy beaches despite their different environmental conditions and geological histories. This improved understanding of sediment grain size and sorting changes on beaches will hopefully aid future research efforts and ensure that this fundamental aspect of coastal science is not overlooked or oversimplified.

O presente estudo propõe-se em investigar os componentes das crostas biológicas de solo (CBS) visando compreender o comportamento e as inter-relações das CBS em areais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), no extremo meridional do Brasil. Pode ser entendido como uma análise exploratória de CBS existentes em nos areais do bioma Pampa, no sudoeste do RS, através de levantamento florístico e de características do solo. A pesquisa visa contribuir para estudos sobre o papel desse componente biótico na pedogênese e estabilidade da superfície de solos em áreas com processos de arenização. As amostras foram coletadas em maio de 2014 e 2015 em três locais, sendo duas por sítio, nos municípios de Alegrete e São Francisco de Assis. O sítio analisado em Alegrete se constitui de um areal recoberto por plantio de eucalipto, já os sítios em São Francisco de Assis se caracterizam por areais que sofrem processos de ravinamento, um sem interferência humana e o outro com ravina estabilizada artificialmente. As costas biológicas foram coletadas com placa de Petri invertida para garantir uma profundidade máxima de 2 cm e o mesmo volume para todas as amostras. A subsuperfície do solo também foi amostrada para análises texturais e químicas. A análise do material biológico foi realizada em estereoscópio e microscópio óptico (400-1.000x) onde verificou-se que a composição florística é constituída por 13 táxons de cianobactérias destacando-se espécies filamentosas, 2 táxons de líquens e um táxon de briófitas. Os resultados mostram que a sequência de sucessão se mostrou desde estágios primários – com manchas de cianobactérias – a táxons mais evoluídos com musgos de grande espessura. Foram observadas diferentes morfologias para as CBS, seguindo os padrões taxonômicos suave, rugoso, pinacular e ondulado. As amostras de solo sub-superficiais, confirmaram a textura arenosa e baixa fertilidade dos Neossolos Quartzarênicos Órticos nos sítios de estudo. Uma conclusão geral a partir dos estudos prévios, dos materiais analisados e das observações em campo corrobora afirmações de pesquisas que alertam para a elevada suscetibilidade dos solos destes locais do Rio Grande do Sul a processos erosivos hídricos e eólicos. / This study aims to investigate the biological soil crusts (BSC) components in order to understand the behaviour and the interrelations of BSC in some areais (sand deposits with no vegetation cover) of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost Brazilian State. It can be understood as an exploratory analysis of existing BSC in Pampa geographic sites in southwestern RS through floristic survey and soil characteristics. The research aims to contribute to studies on the role of the biotic component in pedogenesis and stability of the soil surface in sites under sandification processes. The samples were collected in May 2014 and 2015 in three locations, two per site, in Alegrete and São Francisco de Assis. The analysed site in Alegrete constitutes a sandy terrain covered with eucalyptus plantation (29°42'35.48''S and 55°25'13.47"W), while the sites in São Francisco de Assis are characterized by sands that suffer processes of ravine, one without human intervention (29°30'54.98"S and 55°07'23.07"W) and the other with artificially stabilised ravine (29°23'58.85"S and 55°13'37.60"W). The biological crusts were collected with inverted Petri dish to ensure a maximum depth of 2 cm and the same volume for all samples. The soil subsurface was also sampled for textural and chemical analysis. The analysis of biological material was carried out in the stereoscope and optical microscope (400-1000x) where it was found that the floristic composition consists of 13 taxa of cyanobacteria highlighting filamentous species, 2 taxa of lichens and 1 taxon of bryophytes. The sequence of succession showed from early stages - with spots of cyanobacteria – to most advanced taxa with thick mosses. Different morphologies were observed for BSC, following the taxonomic patterns smooth, rough, pinacular and wavy. The subsurface soil samples confirmed the sandy texture and low fertility of the Psamments in the study sites. general conclusion from previous studies of the analysed materials and field observations corroborates research statements that warn of the high susceptibility of soils from these sites in Rio Grande do Sul to water and wind erosion, so this study recommends adoption of maximum care of soil conservation for whatever the intended use of the studied areas.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-03T18:52:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_COMPLETA.pdf: 6269691 bytes, checksum: db8e0a15aa940e41131be31c88eeb227 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-03T18:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_COMPLETA.pdf: 6269691 bytes, checksum: db8e0a15aa940e41131be31c88eeb227 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / The city of Quirinópolis, which is located in the Southwest part of Goiás State, in the Basin of Paranaíba River, is consisted by smoothed reliefs containing residual tabular hills whose altitudes range from 370 to 880m. The “Serra da Confusão do Rio Preto”, located in the center part of the city, is representative on the local landscape. In the highest parts of this hill there are many erosive foci, which are of a huge size, especially of gullies type and mainly near of its south edge, where it is developed a big dissected recess containing several headwaters drainage. Two gullies were selected for detailed studies because they are in the same geomorphological situation of a concave edge of a residual relief, however, related to different systems of soil, one on a pedological cover represented by a Red Dusky Soil, Plinthosol petroferric and Gley soil and one on PSAMENT and Histosols . The study aimed to identify the source, the constraints and the evolution of the processes that caused the emergence and evolution of gullies to devise proposals for stabilization and / or appropriate control. Five interviews were carried out with former residents of the hill about the origin and evolution of the selected gullies. Subsequently, thematic maps were produced in the physical environment of use and occupation of the research area and as a source, satellite images Landsat TM (60 m resolution) 1980 and Landsat TM5 (30 m resolution) and SRTM images in 2008, to observe the evolution of land uses and gullies throughout this period. The operational capabilities of the software used were: Envi 4.3, Arc Map - ArcGIS 9.2, Spring 5.0 and CorelDRAW X3 version 13. Then, the entries were drawn erosive events according to the methodology of the IPT. Later on, they were described the horizons of exposed soil on the slopes of gullies in toposequence, with the use of rappelling. The physico-hydric soil characteristics were obtained from field tests of resistance to penetration with an impact penetrometer, saturated hydraulic conductivity using the Guelph permeameter, followed by the characterization of the physical attributes (water content, texture, density particles and soil total porosity, macro and micro) and chemical (pH, OM, Fe, P, K, Ca, Mg, H + Al, Al, CEC and V). Analyses were performed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% of probability for the comparison of means. The results showed that the gully of “Córrego do Andre” is developing on old scar erosive, as evidenced by the identification of horizons and / or different soil layers between the right and left slope erosion that probably were deposited by successive cuts and fills. Its evolution is driven by surface flows concentrated on cattle trails that surround it, associated with concentrated flows that spill over the terraces and reach their borders, as well as through the exfiltration of subsurface water in contact horizons Bw Bc or with C underlying the slopes strongly inclined. The Ting gully soils with lower clay in its upper reaches, has low penetration resistance (compaction) and high hydraulic conductivity, so the progression is linked to performance continues the erosion mechanisms represented by the internal pipings. The superficial runoff contributes little to the progression of this erosion. / O município de Quirinópolis, localizado no Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranaíba, cujas altitudes variam de 370 m a 880 m é constituído de relevos suavizados, contendo morros tabulares residuais. A Serra da Confusão do rio Preto, situada no centro norte do município, é representativa da paisagem local. Nas partes mais altas dessa serra, ocorrem muitos focos erosivos de grande porte do tipo ravinas e voçorocas, sobretudo nas proximidades de sua borda sul, onde se desenvolve uma grande reentrância dissecada contendo várias cabeceiras de drenagem. Duas voçorocas foram selecionadas para estudos detalhados por estarem na mesma situação geomorfológica de borda concavizada de relevo residual, no entanto, relacionadas a diferentes sistemas de solos, uma sobre cobertura pedológica representada pelo Latossolo Vermelho, Plintossolo Pétrico e Gleissolo e outra sobre Neossolo Quartzarênico e Organossolo. O trabalho teve como objetivos identificar a origem, os condicionantes e a evolução dos processos que causaram o surgimento e a evolução dessas voçorocas, visando elaborar propostas de estabilização e/ou controle adequadas. Foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com antigos moradores da serra sobre a origem e evolução das voçorocas selecionadas. Posteriormente, foram elaborados mapas temáticos do meio físico e de uso e ocupação do solo da área de pesquisa tendo como fonte imagens do satélite Landsat TM (resolução de 60 m) 1980 e, Landsat TM5 (resolução de 30 m) 2008 e imagens SRTM, para observar a evolução dos usos do solo e dos focos erosivos ao longo desse período. Os recursos operacionais utilizados foram os softwares: Envi 4.3, Arc Map – ArcGis 9.2, o Spring 5.0 e o CorelDRAW X3 versão 13. Em seguida, foram elaborados cadastros das ocorrências erosivas de acordo com a metodologia do IPT. Posteriormente foram descritos os horizontes dos solos expostos nos taludes das voçorocas em toposseqüência, com a utilização de rapel. As características físico-hídricas dos solos foram obtidas por meio de ensaios em campo de resistência à penetração com o penetrômetro de impacto, de condutividade hidráulica saturada com o uso do permeâmetro de Guelph, sucedidos pela caracterização dos atributos físicos (umidade gravimétrica, textura, densidade de partículas e do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade) e químicos (pH, MO, Fe, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, CTC e V). Foram realizadas análises de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para a comparação de médias. Os resultados mostraram que a voçoroca Córrego do André está se desenvolvendo sobre antiga cicatriz erosiva, evidenciada por meio da identificação de horizontes e/ou camadas pedológicas distintas entre os taludes direito e esquerdo da erosão que provavelmente foram depositados através de cortes e preenchimentos sucessivos. A sua evolução é comandada pelos fluxos superficiais concentrados em trilhas de gado que a circundam, associados aos fluxos concentrados que transbordam os terraços e atingem as suas bordas, bem como, em função da exfiltração da água subsuperficial no contato dos horizontes Bw ou Bc com o C subjacente nos taludes fortemente inclinados. A voçoroca Tingá com solos de textura mais arenosa, no seu trecho superior, possui baixa resistência à penetração (compactação) e elevada condutividade hidráulica saturada, por isso, sua progressão está associada à atuação continua dos mecanismos erosivos internos representados pelos pipings. O escoamento superficial pouco contribui para a progressão dessa erosão.