Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The generation of large volumes of solid and liquid wastes in urban and periurban areas of Ghana is a big problem for the people and government of Ghana. It contributes to the outbreak of many diseases in the country such as malaria, diarrhoea and typhoid fever. In managing the situation, a new concept called ecological sanitation (ecosan), which focuses on reuse of waste, has been introduced in the country. The objectives of the thesis were to criticise the environmental sanitation policy by analysing its content in relation to policy implementation arrangements, to discuss programmes and projects identified under the policy, to critically examine the implementation of an ecosan project as a way of achieving the goal and objectives by outlining its implementation processes, prospects and challenges, and to make appropriate recommendations. The analysis and discussion of the thesis were based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data, on one hand, were collected on the prospects and challenges that exist in the implementation of ecosan projects from Kumasi metropolis. The secondary data, on the other hand, were from books, journals and websites. From the research analysis, it emerged that the policy allows the implementation of many sanitation projects including ecosan. Secondly, stakeholders see ecosanto be a good approach to reduce waste generation in the country. However, the main challenges that exist in promoting the concept are inadequate financial support, unavailability of implementation guidelines and lack of knowledge about concept details. It is therefore argued that financial support, implementation guidelines and awareness-creation activities should be available in the implementation of ecosan in the metropolis. Government, private organisations, companies and individuals should each contribute their quota in the support and processes. / South Africa

<p>The generation of large volumes of solid and liquid wastes in urban and periurban areas of Ghana is a big problem for the people and government of Ghana. It contributes to the outbreak of many diseases in the country such as malaria, diarrhoea and typhoid fever. In managing the situation, a new concept called ecological sanitation (ecosan), which focuses on reuse of waste, has been introduced in the country. The objectives of the thesis were to criticise the environmental sanitation policy&nbsp / by analysing its content in relation to policy implementation arrangements, to discuss programmes and projects identified under the policy, to critically examine the implementation of an ecosan project as a way of achieving the goal and objectives by outlining its implementation processes, prospects and challenges, and to make appropriate recommendations. The analysis and discussion of the thesis were based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data, on one hand, were collected on the prospects and challenges that exist in the implementation of ecosan projects from Kumasi metropolis. The secondary data, on the other hand, were from&nbsp / books, journals and websites. From the research analysis, it emerged that the policy allows the implementation of many sanitation projects including ecosan. Secondly, stakeholders see ecosanto be a good approach to reduce waste generation in the country. However, the main challenges that exist in promoting the concept are inadequate financial support, unavailability of implementation guidelines and lack of knowledge about concept details. It is therefore argued that financial support, implementation guidelines and awareness-creation activities should be available in the implementation of ecosan in the metropolis. Government, private organisations, companies and individuals should each contribute their quota in the support and processes.</p>

<p>The generation of large volumes of solid and liquid wastes in urban and periurban areas of Ghana is a big problem for the people and government of Ghana. It contributes to the outbreak of many diseases in the country such as malaria, diarrhoea and typhoid fever. In managing the situation, a new concept called ecological sanitation (ecosan), which focuses on reuse of waste, has been introduced in the country. The objectives of the thesis were to criticise the environmental sanitation policy&nbsp / by analysing its content in relation to policy implementation arrangements, to discuss programmes and projects identified under the policy, to critically examine the implementation of an ecosan project as a way of achieving the goal and objectives by outlining its implementation processes, prospects and challenges, and to make appropriate recommendations. The analysis and discussion of the thesis were based on both primary and secondary data. The primary data, on one hand, were collected on the prospects and challenges that exist in the implementation of ecosan projects from Kumasi metropolis. The secondary data, on the other hand, were from&nbsp / books, journals and websites. From the research analysis, it emerged that the policy allows the implementation of many sanitation projects including ecosan. Secondly, stakeholders see ecosanto be a good approach to reduce waste generation in the country. However, the main challenges that exist in promoting the concept are inadequate financial support, unavailability of implementation guidelines and lack of knowledge about concept details. It is therefore argued that financial support, implementation guidelines and awareness-creation activities should be available in the implementation of ecosan in the metropolis. Government, private organisations, companies and individuals should each contribute their quota in the support and processes.</p>

Orientador: José Carlos de Oliveira / Resumo: O presente trabalho caracteriza e discute a política pública de universalização dos serviços de saneamento básico à luz do sistema normativo brasileiro vigente e dos diplomas internacionais da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Em 2015, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), 663 milhões de pessoas ainda continuam sem acesso a uma fonte de água potável no mundo, bem como 2,4 bilhões de pessoas ainda não possuem serviços de saneamento básico. Desse modo, a pesquisa objetiva verificar se após 10 anos da entrada em vigor da “Década Internacional da Água” pela ONU, a meta da universalização do acesso dos serviços de saneamento básico instituída no Brasil pela Lei n. 11.445 de 2007 foi alcançada ou se está próxima de sua realização. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo de caso no Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica dos rios Sapucaí-Mirim/Grande (CBH-SMG). Os resultados demonstram que em vários indicadores dos serviços de saneamento básico, a maioria dos municípios já atingiram a universalização dos serviços, estando a Unidade Geográfica da Bacia do Sapucaí-Mirim/Grande (UGRHI-08) entre as melhores do Estado e do país, sendo que o Município de Franca, que corresponde aproximadamente à metade da população da Bacia é o líder atualmente do ranking do Saneamento Básico no Brasil. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 9.pdf: 3228830 bytes, checksum: 8b715c27348617242506252373b3870e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Trata das ações de saúde e saneamento na Amazônia durante o Primeiro Governo Vargas (1930-1945) e tem como foco compreender de que forma a região se localiza nos discursos da época sobre a integração nacional. No período, ocorreu a criação de instituições científicas que tinham como foco a saúde e saneamento da região amazônica, como o Instituto de Patologia Experimental (IPEN), e o Serviço de Estudo das Grandes Endemias (SEGE), capitaneados por Evandro Chagas.

Submitted by Marcio Emanuel Paixão Santos (marcio.santos@ucsal.br) on 2017-02-18T14:06:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO.pdf: 2479935 bytes, checksum: 6576e8c0482af09d1639dc653580259f (MD5) / Rejected by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br), reason: Correções on 2017-02-22T18:22:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marcio Emanuel Paixão Santos (marcio.santos@ucsal.br) on 2017-02-22T22:56:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO.pdf: 2479935 bytes, checksum: 6576e8c0482af09d1639dc653580259f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2017-03-02T22:11:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO.pdf: 2479935 bytes, checksum: 6576e8c0482af09d1639dc653580259f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T22:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO.pdf: 2479935 bytes, checksum: 6576e8c0482af09d1639dc653580259f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-09 / Segundo a Lei 11.445/2007 de 5 de janeiro de 2007 que estabelece diretrizes nacionais para o saneamento básico e para a política federal de saneamento básico, o município de Salvador, Bahia, deve cumprir políticas e planos de saneamento básico para que possa acessar os recursos federais e investir no setor. Assim, esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar minuta de anteprojeto de lei sobre política de saneamento básico para o município de Salvador-BA. Trata-se de um instrumento jurídico-político de aplicação pública que poderá ser adaptado para os demais municípios do Estado da Bahia. Para alcançar o objetivo aplicou-se o método qualitativo, através de estudo de caso, investigação bibliográfica e documental, sobre os quais se procedeu análises indutivas em diálogo com a literatura da área. A proposta visa servir de diretriz para que os legisladores e gestores públicos possam colocar na “ordem-do-dia” a urgência para perseguir a melhoria da prestação de serviços públicos universalizado através do setor de saneanento, oferecendo a população serviços de qualidade com regularidade a preço módico. / According to Law 11.445 / 2007 of 5 January 2007 establishing national guidelines for basic sanitation and for the federal basic sanitation policy, the city of Salvador, Bahia, must comply with policies and basic sanitation plans so you can access features federal and invest in the sector. Thus, this work aims to present draft draft law on sanitation policy for the city of Salvador, Bahia. This is a legal-political instrument for public application that can be adapted to other cities in the state of Bahia. To achieve the goal we applied the qualitative method, through case study, bibliographic and documentary research, on which we proceeded inductive analysis in dialogue with the literature. The proposal is intended as a guideline for legislators and public managers can put in the "order of the day" the urgency to pursue the improvement of public service delivery universalized through saneanento sector, offering quality services to the population regularly affordable price.

In Brazil, to serve the population with total sanitation services is still a challenge. Despite of the visible progress indicators that show the expansion of the sanitation sector in Brazil pointed to by the last census of the IBGE (2010), the shares still performed insufficiently reached the real needs of the population. Public policies aimed at achieving the universality of this sector in the country, thus obtain positive impacts on public health and is necessary to have preventive actions involving the health of the environment. In the municipality of Brejo Grande deficiencies in sanitation combined with the cultural habits conducted by the population in water bodies, such as washing clothes, bathing and farming, and the very economic conditions of the same, certainly exposes to health disorders. To achieve satisfactory levels through health becomes key measure levels of environmental indicators in a certain locality. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the sanitation conditions in the seat of the municipality of Brejo Grande/SE and its influence on public health, through the adaptation of the Environmental Health Indicator (ISA). The adaptation was necessary because the research focus is based on the analysis of sanitation in the study area, as well as the need to obtain information to assess the health status of the population. The ISA was called to this work as ISA/BG, as it is specific to this location. Their analysis took place from the Sub-water supply indicator, Sub-Solid Waste Indicator, Sub-Sewage indicator, Sub-Drainage indicator Urban and Sub-Public Health Indicator. For this study, a descriptive exploratory and qualitative and quantitative nature was developed. The data used to feed the ISA/BG and interpret the results were collected in the field with the community and government agencies of federal, state and municipal levels. From the results it was found that the existing sanitation infrastructure in urban Brejo Grande, negatively interfere with the health of the population. And that despite the actions taken and in progress by the municipality of Brejo Grande, carried out in order to fulfill determined by the National Sanitation Policy, the difficulties they pass the sanitation sector in the country, are reflected in the locality of study. / No Brasil, atender a população em sua totalidade com os serviços de saneamento básico ainda é um desafio. Apesar dos avanços visíveis dos indicadores que demonstram a ampliação no setor de saneamento no Brasil apontado pelo último censo do IBGE (2010), as ações executadas ainda não atingiram suficientemente as reais necessidades da população. As políticas públicas voltadas para alcançar a universalização deste setor no país, obterão consequentemente impactos positivos na saúde pública, sendo necessário haver ações preventivas que envolvam a salubridade do meio. No município de Brejo Grande as deficiências do saneamento básico aliado aos hábitos culturais realizados pela população nos corpos d’água, como a lavagem de roupas, banhos e atividade agrícola, e as próprias condições econômicas das mesmas, certamente, a expõe aos agravos de saúde. Para alcançar níveis satisfatórios de salubridade do meio torna-se fundamental mensurar os níveis dos indicadores ambientais de determinada localidade. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar as condições do saneamento básico na sede do município de Brejo Grande/SE e sua influência na saúde pública, através da adaptação do Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA). A adaptação se fez necessária em virtude do foco da pesquisa está baseada na análise do saneamento básico da área estudada, bem como da necessidade de se obter informações para a avaliação do estado de saúde da população. O ISA foi denominado para este trabalho como ISA/BG, visto que é específico para esta localidade. Sua análise decorreu a partir do Sub- Indicador de Abastecimento de Água, Sub- Indicador de Resíduos Sólidos, Sub-Indicador de Esgotamento Sanitário, Sub-Indicador de Drenagem Urbana e Sub-Indicador de Saúde Pública. Para a realização deste estudo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter exploratório e de natureza quali-quantitativa. Os dados utilizados para alimentar o ISA/BG e para interpretar os resultados foram coletados em campo junto à comunidade e aos órgãos públicos de âmbito federal, estadual e municipal. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a infraestrutura de saneamento básico existente na área urbana de Brejo Grande, interfere negativamente na saúde da população. E apesar das ações desenvolvidas e em andamento pelo município de Brejo Grande, realizadas a fim de se cumprir o determinado pela Política Nacional do Saneamento Básico, as dificuldades pelas quais passam o setor de saneamento no país, se refletem na área de estudo.