Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:44:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IriaAlmeidaLealBassan_TESE.pdf: 3143028 bytes, checksum: 970a070c1dc06ffd41a2333aff70d989 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-10T22:36:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IriaAlmeidaLealBassan_TESE.pdf: 3143028 bytes, checksum: 970a070c1dc06ffd41a2333aff70d989 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T22:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IriaAlmeidaLealBassan_TESE.pdf: 3143028 bytes, checksum: 970a070c1dc06ffd41a2333aff70d989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os lubrificantes e cortes de destilados m?dios possuem, normalmente, grandes quantidades de n-parafinas que lhes confere valores de pontos de congelamento e de fluidez mais elevados. Nesse sentido, a remo??o de n-parafinas de cadeias longas de ?leos lubrificantes e do diesel ? essencial para se obter um produto com boas propriedades de fluxo a frio. O desenvolvimento de novos catalisadores que apresentem estabilidade t?rmica e atividade catal?tica frente ? rea??o de hidroisomeriza??o ainda ? um desafio. Sendo assim, silicoaluminofosfatos (SAPO) foram sintetizados por diferentes rotas. Utilizou-se, tamb?m, tratamento p?s-s?ntese para obten??o de estruturas h?bridas e realizou-se s?nteses com direcionadores (soft templates e hard templates) de estrutura mesoporosa. Os catalisadores foram impregnados com platina, pelo m?todo de impregna??o ?mida, para posterior avalia??o catal?tica frente ? rea??o de hidroisomeriza??o do n-hexadecano. Al?m dos SAPO, fosfatos de ni?bio (NbP) tamb?m foram impregnados com platina e avaliados na referida rea??o. Ap?s a impregna??o, esses catalisadores foram caracterizados por difra??o de Raios X (DRX), adsor??o de nitrog?nio, espectroscopia no infravermelho com piridina adsorvida (IV-PY), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletr?nica de transmiss?o (MET) e resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear do 29Si (29Si-RMN). Os resultados de caracteriza??o por DRX mostraram que foi poss?vel a obten??o de SAPO mesoestruturados. No entanto, para as s?nteses com soft template houve colapso da estrutura ap?s a remo??o dos direcionadores org?nicos. Mesmo assim, esses catalisadores apresentaram atividade catal?tica. Foi poss?vel a obten??o de materiais h?bridos por meio das s?nteses do SAPO-11 realizadas com hard templates e tamb?m por meio de tratamentos p?s- s?ntese em amostras de SAPO-11. Ademais, os NbP apresentaram DRX caracter?sticos de materiais amorfos, com alta acidez e foram ativos na convers?o do n-hexadecano. / Lubricants and cutting middle distillates typically have large amounts of n-paraffins to increase its freezing point and fluidity. Accordingly, the removal of n-paraffins of long chain lubricants oils and diesel is essential to get a product with good cold flow properties. The development of new catalysts, which exhibit thermal stability and catalytic activity for the hydroisomerization reaction is still a challenge. Thus, silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO) were synthesized by different routes. Have been used also post-synthesis treatment for obtaining hybrid structures and others synthesis have been carried out with mesoporous template (soft and hard-template). Therefore, SAPO have been impregnated with H2PtCl6 solution by the incipient wetness method. Then assessments of catalytic activities in hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions of hexadecane have been held. Besides SAPO, niobium phosphate - NbP - were also impregnated with platinum and evaluated in the same reaction. After impregnation, these catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy with adsorbed pyridine (IV-PY), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and resonance nuclear magnetic 29Si (29Si-NMR). The characterization results by XRD have shown that it has been possible to obtain mesoporous SAPOs. However, for the syntheses with soft template there was collapse of the structure after removal of the organic template. Even so, these catalysts have been actives. It was possible to obtain hybrid materials through the synthesis of SAPO-11 made with hard templates and by means of post-synthesis treatments samples of SAPO-11. Moreover, NbP has shown characteristic XRD of amorphous materials, with high acidity and were active in the conversion of hexadecane.

The methanol-to-olefins reaction is an important industrial process for the production of light olefins (C2-C4). Silicoaluminophosphates are the most common catalysts for this process with SAPO-34 (CHA), SAPO-18 (AEI) and their intergrowths being considered the most catalytically active and selective. Understanding the crystal growth of such materials is important for control of the structure and defect incorporation, which can have a large effect on the catalytic behaviour. In this thesis, the synthesis, characterisation, catalysis and crystal growth of such materials are investigated. A series of CHA/AEI intergrowth materials were synthesised by sequential increases in silicon content, where low silicon content led to formation of AEI and higher silicon content led to CHA and intergrowth formation. X-ray diffraction and MAS-NMR were used to quantify the amount of intergrowth and there was a strong correlation between both techniques. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed the mechanism by which these intergrowth structures grow. There is competition at the surface between the spiral-growth and layer-growth mechanisms, which has a significant effect on the resulting intergrowth, as intergrowth formation is only permitted with a layer-growth mechanism. Intergrowth on screw dislocations is not allowed, and thus discrete blocks of pure-phase AEI or CHA form. These intergrowth materials were tested for their performance in the methanol-to-olefins reaction. With a higher level of silicon, the catalysts had a larger acid site density but equivalent acid strength. The conversion of methanol over the catalysts correlated with the acid site density, where a greater acid site density led to higher conversion and faster deactivation. The selectivity over time was similar for all catalysts, with a high selectivity to ethylene and propylene. However, at the same percentage conversion, the C2/C3 ratio showed a strong correlation to the cage shape. Catalysts with a higher ratio of AEI cages had a higher selectivity to C3 and C4 products than the other catalysts, owing to the larger size of the internal AEI cage compared to the CHA cage. The crystal growth mechanism on SAPO-18 was investigated in detail to interrogate the complex spiral pattern that forms on the surface. Spirals form in a triangular type pattern due to differences in growth rates in different crystallographic directions. Interlaced terraces were also present. The unit cell and the relative orientation of the AEI cages define the different growth rates. In-situ AFM was used to investigate the dissolution behaviour of SAPO-18 and SAPO-34. In both cases, dissolution occurred via classical step retreat. The similarity in the layer stacking in both materials led to equivalent structure dissolution in both cases. The 0.9 nm layers dissolved first to 0.7 nm (closed cages) then to 0.4 nm (unstable intermediates). Dissolution of SAPO-18 revealed unusual spiral dissolution pits near the core of the dislocations. CHA/AEI intergrowth materials were also prepared using a dual-template method, where two templates, morpholine for CHA and N,N-diisopropylethylamine for AEI, were combined during synthesis. The phase transition from CHA to AEI occurred at different molar ratios with different synthesis procedures. XRD modelling confirmed the synthesis of an intergrowth phase at a molar ratio of 70% morpholine and 30% DPEA. Changes in chemical shift in the 13C MAS-NMR were used to observe the different template interactions with the framework as the ratio of CHA and AEI cages changed.

The goal of this research was to identify and fabricate zeolitic membranes that can separate radioisotope krypton-85 (half-life 10.72 years) and xenon gas released during spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. In spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, fissionable plutonium and uranium are recovered from spent nuclear fuel and recycled. During the process, krypton-85 and xenon are released from the spent nuclear fuel as process off-gas. The off-gas also contains NO, NO2, 129I, 85Kr, 14CO2, tritium (as 3H2O), and air and is usually vented to the atmosphere as waste without removing many of the radioactive components, such as 85Kr. Currently, the US does not reprocess spent nuclear fuel. However, as a member of the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC, formerly the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership), the United States has partnered with the international nuclear community to develop a “closed” nuclear fuel cycle that efficiently recycles all used nuclear fuel and safely disposes all radioactive waste byproducts. This research supports this initiative through the development of zeolitic membranes that can separate 85Kr from nuclear reprocessing off-gas for capture and long-term storage as nuclear waste. The implementation of an 85Kr/Xe separation step in the nuclear fuel cycle yields two main advantages. The primary advantage is reducing the volume of 85Kr contaminated gas that must be stored as radioactive waste. A secondary advantage is possible revenue generated from the sale of purified Xe. This research proposed to use a zeolitic membrane-based separation because of their molecular sieving properties, resistance to radiation degradation, and lower energy requirements compared to distillation-based separations. Currently, the only commercial process used to separate Kr and Xe is cryogenic distillation. However, cryogenic distillation is very energy intensive because the boiling points of Kr and Xe are -153 °C and -108 °C, respectively. The 85Kr/Xe separation step was envisioned to run as a continuous cross-flow filtration process (at room temperature using a transmembrane pressure of about 1 bar) with a zeolite membrane separating krypton-85 into the filtrate stream and concentrating xenon into the retentate stream. To measure process feasibility, zeolite membranes were synthesized on porous α-alumina support discs and permeation tested in dead-end filtration mode to measure single-gas permeance and selectivity of CO2, CH4, N2, H2, He, Ar, Xe, Kr, and SF6. Since the kinetic diameter of krypton is 3.6 Å and xenon is 3.96 Å, zeolites SAPO-34 (pore size 3.8 Å) and DDR (pore size 3.6 Å) were studied because their pore sizes are between or equal to the kinetic diameters of krypton and xenon; therefore, Kr and Xe could be separated by size-exclusion. Also, zeolite MFI (average pore size 5.5 Å) permeance and selectivity were evaluated to produce a baseline for comparison, and amorphous carbon membranes (pore size < 5 Å) were evaluated for Kr/Xe separation as well. After permeation testing, MFI, DDR, and amorphous carbon membranes did not separate Kr and Xe with high selectivity and high Kr permeance. However, SAPO-34 zeolite membranes were able to separate Kr and Xe with an average Kr/Xe ideal selectivity of 11.8 and an average Kr permeance of 19.4 GPU at ambient temperature and a 1 atm feed pressure. Also, an analysis of the SAPO-34 membrane defect permeance determined that the average Kr/Xe selectivity decreased by 53% at room temperature due to unselective defect permeance by Knudsen diffusion. However, sealing the membrane defects with polydimethylsiloxane increased Kr/Xe selectivity by 32.8% to 16.2 and retained a high Kr membrane permeance of 10.2 GPU at ambient temperature. Overall, this research has shown that high quality SAPO-34 membranes can be consistently fabricated to achieve a Kr/Xe ideal selectivity >10 and Kr permeance >10 GPU at ambient temperature and 1 atm feed pressure. Furthermore, a scale-up analysis based on the experimental results determined that a cross-flow SAPO-34 membrane with a Kr/Xe selectivity of 11.8 and an area of 4.2 m2 would recover 99.5% of the Kr from a 1 L/min feed stream containing 0.09% Kr and 0.91% Xe at ambient temperature and 1 atm feed pressure. Also, the membrane would produce a retentate stream containing 99.9% Xe. Based on the SAPO-34 membrane analysis results, further research is warranted to develop SAPO-34 membranes for separating 85Kr and Xe.

Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates with diverse structures and uniform porosities. They are widely used as catalysts, adsorbents and ion-exchangers in industry. Direct or post modifications optimize the performance of zeolites for different applications. In this thesis, IZM-2 and TON-type zeolites were synthesized, modified and studied. In addition, FAU-type zeolite and silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves were applied as templates for the preparation of microporous carbons. In the first part of this thesis, the IZM-2 zeolite with an unknown structure was synthesized. We focused on the increasing the secondary porosity and the varied framework compositions upon post modifications. The structure determination of this IZM-2 zeolite was hindered by the small size of crystals. In the second part of this thesis, the synthesis composition was directly modified in order to increase the crystal sizes. IZM-2 crystals were enlarged by excluding the aluminium atoms from the framework. The micropores of the obtained pure-silica polymorphs were activated by ion-exchanging alkali-metal ions with protons. Typically, TON-type zeolites that are synthesized at hydrothermal conditions under stirring have needle-shaped crystals. In the third part of this thesis, snowflake-shaped aggregates were produced by using static hydrothermal conditions for the synthesis of TON-type zeolites. The effects of synthesis parameters on the growth and morphology of crystals were discussed in detail. In the last part of this thesis, microporous carbons with a structural regularity were prepared by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of propylene using a silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-37) template. Compared to the conventional zeolite templates, the SAPO template could be removed under mild conditions, without using hydrofluoric acid, and the generated carbons had a large specific surface area and a high fraction of ultrasmall micropores. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-07T15:00:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseTaxonomicaMolecular.pdf: 13154268 bytes, checksum: 998f972766bb7eefd7573313e2fe0e58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-07T15:00:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AnaliseTaxonomicaMolecular.pdf: 13154268 bytes, checksum: 998f972766bb7eefd7573313e2fe0e58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / PROCAD - Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os anfíbios da espécie Rhinella marina também conhecidos como Sapo-Cururu e possuem distribuição mundial. Possuem hábitos noturnos, e devido a sua alimentação bem diversificada vivem em diferentes habitats. Assim podem estar parasitados com uma variedade de helmintos. Dentre os helmintos, os cestodas são o objeto de estudo deste trabalho. Os membros da Família Nematotaennidae são comumente encontrados parasitando o intestino delgado de anfíbios e répteis. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar morfologicamente e molecularmente um cestoda parasito de R. marina da cidade de Belém-PA. Para isso vinte hospedeiros foram capturados em domicílios da região metropolitana de Belém-PA e, após necropsia, os cestoda foram retirados do intestino delgado, alguns exemplares foram fixados em A.F.A, alguns fixados em Glutaraldeído a 2% em tampão cacodilato, e outros em álcool absoluto para serem processados para diferentes técnicas. Parte da amostra foi desidratada em uma série etanólica, corados com Carmin®, clarificados com Salicilato de Metila®. Alguns exemplares foram desidratados e incluídos em parafina para realização de cortes transversais e longitudinais. Os exemplares fixados em glutaraldeído foram desidratados e incluídos em Historesina®. Os cestoda também foram processados para microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. A identificação foi realizada por meio de desenhos realizados no microscópio Olympus BX 41 com câmara clara, fotografias feitas em microscópio MEDILUX, com sistema de captura de imagem e MEV. Os Cortes histológicos longitudinais foram fotografados e com o Software RECONSTRUCTTM foi realizada a reconstrução tridimensional do corpo do parasito. Helmintos fixados em álcool absoluto foram submetidos a extração de DNA, amplificação gênica pela técnica de PCR e seqüenciamento de nucleotídeos. Os cestoda possuem um corpo cilíndrico, filiforme e indistintamente segmentado, exceto na porção posterior. Escólice com quatro ventosas sem rostéolo ou órgão apical, os proglotes grávidos apresentam duas cápsulas piriformes, que se fundem na base, contendo os ovos. A partir das observações por microscopia eletrônica e luz dos cestoda encontrados no intestino delgado de R. marina, observou-se que estes cestoda pertencem à Família Nematotaeniidae, no entanto os outros caracteres morfológicos e moleculares por nós encontrados não encaixam este cestóide em nenhum gênero desta Família. / The amphibians of the species Rhinella marina known also as Giant Toad and have cosmopolitan distribution. Posses nocturnes habits, due of variety of feeding they can live in different habitats. Then, they can have many kinds of helminthes parasites. Among the helminthes, the cestodas are the target of study of this work. The members of Nematotaeniidae Family are commonly found in small intestine of repitilian and amphibians. The frequent auto-infestation would justify the high taxes of parasitism in one host. The present study has the objective to identify and to characterize the Cestoda of Rhinella marina from Belém-PA. Twenty hosts were captured in homes of the metropolitan area of Belém-PA and, after necropsy the Cestoda were isolated of intestine, and some specimens were fixed in A.F.A (Glacial Acid Acetic 2%, Formaldehyde 3% and 95 % of Etanol 70º GL), and some worms fixed in 2% Glutaraldehyde in Cacodilate buffer 0,1m P.h 7,4, to process in different techniques. One part of the samples was dehydrated in Etanol Series, and stained with Carmim®, and clarified with Metil Salicilate®. Some specimens were dehydrated and included in Paraffin for acomplishement of longitudinal and tranverse cuts. The worms fixed in Glutaraldehyde were dehydrated and included in Historesin®. Some Cestoda were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An indentification was accomplished throught drawings in Olympus BX 41 microscope equipped with camera lucida, pictures were taken in a MEDILUX microscope, with image captures system and in MEV JEOL 5310. Histological sections were photographed and 3D reconstruction was made in RECONSTRUCTTM software. The cestoid possess a cylindrical body, filiform and with difficult segmentation, except in the final portion of the strobila. Escolex with four suckers without hooks or apical organ, the pregnant proglotis presents two piriform capsules, funded in the basis and containing one or more eggs. The observations in SEM and light microscopy of the cestoda founded in small intestine of R.marina from Belém-PA, we observed that these Cestoda belong to Nematotaeniidae Family, meanwhile the other morphologic characters observed did not permit us to classify this helminth in any Gender of this Family.

Zeolite membranes are formed as a thin zeolitic layer on the supports. They are usually synthesized by hydrothermal methods in batch systems. In this study, MFI and SAPO-34 type zeolite membranes were produced on macroporous tubular alumina supports in a recirculating flow system at elevated temperatures for the first time in the literature. During the synthesis, the synthesis mixture is flown between the reservoir and the membrane module which includes the support material. The synthesis temperatures were 180&deg / C and 220&deg / C, and the corresponding system pressures were approximately 20 and 30 bars for MFI and SAPO-34, respectively. The CH4 and n-C4H10 single gas permeances were measured through MFI membranes and the performance of membranes was investigated in the separation of equimolar CH4/n-C4H10 mixtures. The best MFI membrane had a CH4 single gas permeance of 1.45x10-6 mol/m2-s-Pa and CH4/n-C4H10 ideal selectivity of 35 at 25oC. The membranes preferentially permeated n-C4H10 in the separation of mixtures. The n-C4H10/CH4 separation selectivity was 43.6 with a total permeance of approximately 0.8x10-6 mol/m2-s-Pa at 25oC. The ideal selectivities of CO2/CH4 of SAPO-34 membrane synthesized in stagnant medium were 227, and &gt / 1000 at 220 and 200oC, respectively. Formation of amorphous structure and the additional secondary phases (impurities) were observed on SAPO-34 membranes synthesized in recirculating flow system. The results showed that it is possible to produce SAPO-34 and high quality MFI membranes by a recirculating flow system operating at elevated temperature.

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF PREPARATION AND OPERATION PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE OF POLYETHERSULFONE BASED MIXED MATRIX GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES Karatay, Elif M.Sc., Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Levent Yilmaz Co-supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halil Kalip&ccedil / ilar August 2009, 126 pages Membrane processes have been considered as promising alternatives to other competing technologies in gas separation industry. Developing new membrane morphologies are required to improve the gas permeation properties of the membranes. Mixed matrix membranes composing of polymer matrices and distributed inorganic/organic particles are among the promising, developing membrane materials. In this study, the effect of low molecular weight additive (LMWA) type and concentration on the gas separation performance of neat polyethersulfone (PES) membranes and zeolite SAPO-34 containing PES based mixed matrix membranes was investigated. Membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation method and annealed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PES in order to remove the residual solvent and erase the thermal history. They were characterized by single gas permeability measurements of H2, CO2, and CH4 as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Various LMWAs were added to the neat PES membrane at a concentration of 4 wt %. Regardless of the type, all of the LMWAs had an anti-plasticization effect on PES gas permeation properties. 2-Hydroxy 5-Methyl Aniline, HMA, was selected among the other LMWAs for parametric study on the concentration effect of this additive. The incorporation of SAPO-34 to PES membranes increased the permeabilities of all gases with a slight loss in selectivities. However, the addition of HMA to PES/SAPO-34 membranes increased the ideal selectivities well above the ideal selectivities of PES/HMA membranes, while keeping the permeabilities of all the gases above the permeabilities of both pure PES and PES/HMA membranes.

This research investigates the effect of feed composition on the separation performance of pure polyethersulfone (PES) and different types of PES based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in order to develop high performing membranes for CO2/CH4 separation. MMMs were prepared by solvent evaporation method using PES as the polymer matrix with SAPO-34 particles as fillers, and 2-hydroxy 5-methyl aniline (HMA) as the low molecular weight additive. Four types of membranes were used throughout the study, namely pure PES membrane, PES/HMA (4, 10%w/w) membrane, PES/SAPO-34 (20%w/w) MMM, PES/SAPO-34 (20%w/w)/HMA (4, 10%w/w) MMM. The effect of CO2 composition on the performance of the membranes was investigated in detail with a wide feed composition range changing between 0 and 100%. In addition to separating CO2/CH4 binary gas mixtures, the separation performances of these membranes were determined by measuring single gas permeabilities at 35&ordm / C, with a feed pressure of 3 bar. Moreover, the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The separation selectivities of all types of membranes generally observed to be independent of feed composition. The composition independency of these membranes eliminates the need of investigating at which feed gas composition the prepared membranes are best performing for practical applications. PES/SAPO-34/HMA MMMs with HMA loading of 10% and SAPO-34 loading of 20% demonstrated the highest separation selectivity of about 40, and the ideal selectivity of 44, among the used membranes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:21:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souto_rma_dr_rcla.pdf: 1860479 bytes, checksum: cbcd5602cc543f88c9dfca5cf5715df8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho, organizado em três grandes eixos, focaliza a vida e a obra do Prof. Mario Tourasse Teixeira, mostrando-o como incentivador da atividade matemática e como precursor do movimento de Educação Matemática que teve origem em Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo. Inicialmente é apresentada uma biografia, procurando mostrar a face do homem, a do educador e a do matemático Mario Tourasse. A segunda parte do trabalho apresenta os temas de investigação que se constituíram em objeto de seu interesse, mostrando elos entre seu pensamento matemático, suas concepções e até alguns traços de seu comportamento. Nessa abordagem procurei apresentar algo sobre sua tese de doutoramento M-álgebras, orientada pelo Prof. Antônio Aniceto Ribeiro Monteiro e pouco divulgada no universo acadêmico. Na última parte, explicito minhas crenças e os pressupostos teóricos dos quais me apropriei em busca de suporte para a realização deste trabalho. Assumindo que a História é a ciência dos homens em sociedade no tempo, como propôs Marc Bloch, revelo minhas concepções sobre a natureza do conhecimento histórico, minhas noções de documentos e fontes e discuto questões relacionadas aos métodos do historiador e à subjetividade do seu trabalho. / This work, organised in three major stages, focuses on the life and work of Prof. Mario Tourasse Teixeira, showing him up as a great upholder of mathematical activities and a precursor of the movement towards Mathematics Education which started in Rio Claro, a town in the state of São Paulo. To begin with, his biography is presented, in an endeavour to show the man, the educator and the mathematician Mario Tourasse. The second part presents the topics that constituted his research interests, depicting links between his mathematical thoughtmathematical thought, his concepts and some of his behavioural ticks. Under this point of view, I tried to present something taken from his PhD thesis M-algebras, which was supervised by Prof. Antonio Aniceto Ribeiro Monteiro but scarcely read in the academic world. In the last part I clarify my beliefs and the theoretical presuppositions which I used as support for this work. Assuming that History is the science of men inserted into a society in a given time, as proposed by Marc Bloch, I state not only my concepts about the nature of historical knowledge and my notions about documentation and sources but I also discuss questions related to the methods used by historians and to the subjectivity of their work.

[ES] En la actualidad, el melón (Cucumis melo L.) es un cultivo con gran impacto económico mundial que se cultiva en más de 100 países. Su adaptación a diversas regiones en todo el mundo ha dado como resultado el gran polimorfismo actualmente observado en la especie. Esta variabilidad genética es un recurso imprescindible en los programas de mejora, pues constituye un reservorio valioso de nuevos alelos. La utilización de herramientas moleculares permite la optimización de los programas de mejora convencionales, consiguiendo el desarrollo de nuevas variedades más rápidamente y adaptándose así a las exigencias del productor y las preferencias del consumidor. El desarrollo de líneas de introgresión (ILs) mediante la ayuda de técnicas moleculares que facilitan el proceso de selección, constituye una estrategia óptima para la introducción de características favorables procedentes de tipos silvestres en cultivares comerciales. En la presente Tesis Doctoral se describe el desarrollo de una colección de ILs usando la entrada Queen's Pocket melon (del grupo Dudaim) de Irak, como parental exótico donante y el cultivar español 'Piel de Sapo' (del grupo Ibericus) como parental recurrente. Durante el proceso de generación de las ILs no sólo se tuvo en cuenta el genotipado (mediante diversas técnicas como HRM, la plataforma Agena Bioscience y GBS) para optimizar la recuperación del fondo genético recurrente, el número de introgresiones y la cobertura del genoma del parental donante, sino también el fenotipo mostrado por las diferentes familias. La selección final, formada por 16 ILs, presenta un promedio de 1,4 introgresiones por IL y representa el 62,6 % del genoma del parental donante. La caracterización fenotípica de esta colección de ILs permitió la identificación de 32 QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) estables en los dos ambientes evaluados. De éstos, 22 QTLs corresponden a caracteres morfológicos como peso, forma, reticulado, ancho de pulpa y cavidad; 9 QTLs están relacionados con características asociadas a maduración climatérica como la presencia de la capa de abscisión, aroma y firmeza de la pulpa; y uno se refiere al contenido de sólidos solubles. Muchos de los QTLs identificados en este trabajo no han sido descritos anteriormente, lo cual constituye un valioso recurso tanto de alelos nuevos potencialmente interesantes en mejora como para el estudio de las regiones genómicas y genes implicados en el control de ciertos caracteres de interés agronómico. Por otra parte, otros QTLs confirmaron regiones previamente descritas por otros autores. En esta Tesis se describen líneas potencialmente interesantes en cuanto a presencia de aroma, tamaño reducido del fruto y/o formas más redondeadas, características buscadas en el mercado de tipos 'Piel de Sapo'. La caracterización de ese conjunto de ILs también se llevó a cabo para la resistencia a un hongo patógeno del suelo, Macrophomina phaseolina. A pesar de la moderada resistencia descrita en trabajos anteriores para el parental Dudaim, ninguna línea resultó resistente. El estudio que se presenta en esta Tesis acerca de la influencia de la temperatura en la patogenicidad de este hongo ha demostrado que la resistencia del parental es superada con temperaturas altas y por tanto, no es estable. En este cribado, tan sólo una entrada silvestre africana resultó resistente a temperaturas altas. De igual manera se realizó un ensayo de tolerancia a los hongos del suelo Monosporascus cannonballus y M. eutypoides, principales responsables del colapso del melón, que causa también muchas pérdidas económicas. Los resultados permitieron concluir que M. cannonballus presenta mayor patogenocidad que M. eutypoides y que la temperatura también afecta de forma importante a la severidad de los síntomas, apoyando estudios previos. Las dos entradas africanas y de la India que presentaron mayor tolerancia a Monosporascus spp. pueden ser de interés en futu / [CAT] A l'actualitat, el meló (Cucumis melo L.) és un conreu amb gran impacte econòmic que es cultiva en més de 100 països. La seua adaptació a diverses regions per tor el món ha donat com a resultat el gran polimorfisme que actualment observem en l'espècie. Esta variabilitat genètica és un recurs imprescindible en els programes de millora, ja que constitueix un reservori valuós de nous al¿lels. La utilització de ferramentes moleculars permet l'optimització dels programes de millora convencionals, aconseguint el desenvolupament de noves varietats més ràpidament i adaptant-se així a les exigències del productor i les preferències del consumidor. El desenvolupament de línies d'introgressió (ILs) mitjançant l'ajuda de tècniques moleculars que faciliten el procés de selecció, constitueix una estratègia òptima per a la introducció de característiques favorables vinents de tipus silvestres en cultivars comercials. En la present Tesi Doctoral es descriu el desenvolupament d'una col¿lecció d'ILs usant l'entrada Queen's Pocket melon (grup Dudaim) d'Iraq, com a parental exòtic donant i el cultivar espanyol 'Piel de Sapo' (grup Ibericus) com a parental recurrent. Durant el procés de generació de les ILs no solament es tingué en compte el genotipatge (mitjançant diverses tècniques com HRM, la plataforma Agena Bioscience i GBS) per a optimitzar la recuperació del fons genètic recurrent, el nombre d'introgressions i la cobertura del genoma del parental donant, sinó també el fenotip mostrat per les diferents famílies. La selecció final, formada per 16 ILs, presenta una mitjana de 1,4 introgressions per IL i representa el 62,6% del genoma del parental donant. La caracterització fenotípica d'aquesta col¿lecció d'ILs permeté la identificació de 32 QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) estables en els dos ambients avaluats. D¿aquests, 22 QTLs corresponen a caràcters morfològics com pes, forma, reticulat, amplària de polpa i cavitat; 9 QTLs estan relacionats amb característiques associades a maduració climatèrica com la presència de la capa d'abscissió, aroma i fermesa de la polpa; i un es refereix al contingut de sòlids solubles. Molts dels QTLs identificats en este treball no han sigut descrits anteriorment, cosa que constitueix un valuós recurs tant d¿al¿lels nous potencialment interessants en millora com per a l¿estudi de les regions genòmiques i gens implicats en el control de certs caràcters d'interés agronòmic. Per una altra banda, altres QTLs confirmaren regions prèviament descrites per altres autors. En esta Tesi es descriuen ILs potencialment interessants respecte a la presència d¿aroma, mesura reduïda del fruit, i/o formes més arrodonides, característiques buscades en el mercat de tipus 'Piel de Sapo'. La caracterització d¿aquesta col¿lecció d'ILs també es va dur a terme per a la resistència a un fong patogen del sòl, Macrophomina phaseolina. Malgrat la moderada resistència descrita en treballs anteriors per al parental Dudaim, cap línia resultà resistent. L'estudi que es presenta en aquesta Tesi sobre la influència de la temperatura en la patogenicitat d'aquest fong ha demostrat que la resistència del parental es superada amb temperatures altes i per tant, no és estable. En aquest estudi, tan sols una entrada silvestre africana resultà resistent a temperatures altes. També es va realitzar un assaig de tolerància als fongs del sòl Monosporascus cannonballus i M. eutypoides, principals responsables del col¿lapse del meló, que causa també moltes pèrdues econòmiques. Els resultats permeteren concloure que M. cannonballus presenta major patogenicitat que M. eutypoides i que la temperatura també afecta de forma important a la severitat dels símptomes, recolzant estudis previs. Les dues entrades africanes i la hindú que presentaren major tolerància a Monosporascus spp. poden ser d'interés en futurs programes de millora. / [EN] Nowadays, the melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a crop with great economic impact worldwide that is grown in more than 100 countries. Its adaptation to diverse regions around the world has turned out in the high polymorphism this species shows. This genetic variability is an indispensable resource for breeding programs, since it is a valuable reservoir of new alleles. The use of molecular tools allows the optimization of conventional breeding programs, achieving the development of new varieties more quickly and adapting to the demands of the producer and to consumer preferences. The development of Introgression Lines (ILs) employing molecular techniques to assist in the selection process, constitutes an optimal strategy for the introduction of favourable traits from wild types in commercial cultivars. In this PhD thesis the development of an ILs collection is described, using the Queen's Pocket melon accession (Dudaim group) of Irak as the exotic donor parental and the Spanish cultivar 'Piel de Sapo' (Ibericus group) as the recurrent parental. During the ILs generation process, not only genotyping was taken into consideration (several techniques such as HRM, the Agena Bioscience platform and GBS were used) to optimize the recovery of the recurrent genetic background, the number of introgressions and the coverage of the donor genome, but also the phenotype shown by the different families. A set of 16 ILs was finally selected, bearing an average of 1.4 introgressions per IL and representing 62.6% of the donor genome. The phenotypic characterization of this IL collection allowed the identification of 32 stable QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) in the two environments evaluated. Out of these, 22 QTLs correspond to morphological traits such as weight, shape, netting, flesh width and cavity; 9 QTLs are related to traits associated with the climacteric ripening such as the presence of the abscission layer, aroma and flesh firmness; and one related to the soluble solids content. Many QTLs identified in this work have not been described previously. This implies new alleles of potential interest not only in breeding but also in the study of new genomic regions and genes controlling agronomical and quality traits. On the other hand, other QTLs confirmed regions previously described by other authors. In this work, interesting lines are described in terms of the presence of aroma, reduction of fruit size and / or more rounded shapes, characteristics requested by 'Piel de Sapo' consumers. The phenotyping of this set of ILs was also carried out for searching for resistance to a pathogenic soil fungus, Macrophomina Phaseolina. Despite the moderate resistance described for the Dudaim parental in a previous work, no line was resistant. The study presented herein about the influence of temperature on the pathogenicity of this fungus, has shown that the resistance of the donor parenal is overcome with the temperature increase and therefore, is not stable. In this screening, only one African wild accession was resistant to high temperatures. In addition, an assay searching for tolerance to the fungi of the soil, Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides, the main responsible for melon collapse, was carried out. The results allowed us to conclude that M. cannonballus presents higher pathogenicity than M. eutypoides. Additionally, temperature also affected the symptoms severity, which is coherent with previous studies. Two African and one Indian accessions were the ones displaying higher tolerance to Monosporascus spp. They may be of great interest in future melon breeding programs. / Castro Alcocer, GE. (2019). APROVECHAMIENTO DE HERRAMIENTAS GENETICAS Y GENOMICAS PARA DESARROLLO DE NUEVAS POBLACIONES PARA LA MEJORA DEL MELON POR RESISTENCIA A PATÓGENOS Y CALIDAD [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/131206 / TESIS