Texte remanié de: Ph.D. thesis, 1981. / La jaquette porte : "Farewell to democracy in Sarawak : the making of a neocolony"

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-183).

Cette thèse propose une résolution du paradoxe, pour nous, d'un groupe égalitaire sur le plan social, politique, économique et juridique - les Iban de Sarawak (Malaysia) -, qui pourtant encourage la différenciation et marque la préséance sur le plan rituel. Elle s'ancre dans une anthropologie ontologique, tout particulièrement l'approche de l'engagement attentif dans le monde de Tim Ingold, qui défend une perspective cosmocentrique et prône une relecture de l'animisme. Elle insiste en outre sur la nécessité de prendre réellement au sérieux les prémisses animistes, y compris celui de l'existence d'entités invisibles comme phénomène du réel, questionnant ainsi les fondements agnostiques de la discipline. L'animisme iban est balisé à partir de trois types de métamorphoses / transformations. Le premier permet le passage entre les êtres vivants conaturels (humains, animaux, végétaux et minéraux) et les entités invisibles. Il crée une disjonction ontologique, mais aussi leur consubstantialité. Le second type, la métamorphose de défunts en animaux, renouvelle les notions d'ancestralité. Les entités bienveillantes - les petara - apparaissent comme des ancêtres transformés qui connectent les humains aux règnes animal et aviaire. Enfin, les entités invisibles ont non seulement le pouvoir de se métamorphoser, mais aussi celui de transformer les êtres vivants ce qui, associé à leur socialité, en fait des personnes à part entière. Cette thèse examine en troisième lieu les modes relationnels et les transformations provoquées par les antu, particulièrement la pétrification créant des charmes et la modification du corps humain. La différenciation et la préséance se bâtissent dans ces relations avec des entités invisibles. Le soutien de ces dernières permet à certains de gravir progressivement les échelons d'un ou plusieurs registres prestigieux et d'acquérir les capacités rituelles correspondantes. Dans ce processus, l'être humain « devient mature » et se « renforce » progressivement dans toutes ses dimensions, visibles et invisibles. La préséance rituelle correspond à un ordonnancement des humains selon leur « force, maturité » et leur capacité à soutenir la proximité d'entités invisibles de plus en plus dangereuses. Ainsi, différenciation et préséance découlent des relations avec les entités invisibles. Les relations strictement entre humains, quant à elles, sont gouvernées par une moralité et des pratiques égalitaires.

In recent years a push to establish pulpwood plantation forestry in Sarawak, East Malaysia with Acacia mangium has been identified as a means to relieve pressure on the State’s diminishing natural forest resource whilst providing 1) economic wealth for a developing economy 2) community development, and 3) biodiversity conservation outside the protected area network. In a specially designated 504,000 hectare Planted Forest Zone (PFZ) a range of broad-scale landscape planning initiatives have been implemented in an attempt to conserve a representative sample of biodiversity across the plantation landscape. The effects of forest modification and fragmentation have been widely reported in the literature for mammals, and in this study, non-volant small mammals were fitted with tracking spools and/or radio collars and released into small forest remnants outside of their home ranges to measure response to unfamiliar habitats, forest edges and various scales of habitat fragmentation during simulated dispersal events. Medium sized patches exhibited the greatest species diversity and abundance, whereas the largest forest areas hosted the largest population of brown spiny rat (Maxomys rajah); a species that is identified as vulnerable across its natural range. Small forest patches of c.1.00 ha that had been exempt from clearing during plantation establishment are likely to be species poor and host small populations of extant species only. All species were found to make extensive use of downed woody debris for movement, and showed varied responses to a range of habitat edges including forest roads, acacia plantation compartments, old haul trails, clearings and riparian areas. Two species of treeshrew; long-footed treeshrew (Tupaia longipes) and painted treeshrew (T. picta) were shown to be able to move between the forest patch and the acacia forest while the same edges were shown to pose barriers to the brown spiny rat (M. rajah) and large treeshew (T. tana) illustrating the different ways that species may perceive and use habitat features such as corridors. Despite T. picta being common in the PFZ, comparatively little has been published on its ecology and behaviour compared with the other Bornean tupaiids. Therefore this study also reports on the movement and behaviour of this species within its own home territory as revealed from both radio telemetry and spool-and-line tracking. Home range size, dimension, average daily movement distances and nest site construction was found to be similar to other Tupaiids studied in secondary forests in Sabah, and home ranges were found to be dictated by anthropogenic landscape features such as forest roads and open areas across which no movement was recorded. Painted treeshrews were found to favour logs and fallen woody debris as movement substrates and spend the large majority of their movement at ground level. Camera trapping revealed possible interspecific nest sharing between the painted treeshrew and the three-striped ground squirrel (Lariscus insignis), fuelling the debate on whether or not treeshrews construct their own nests or use nests constructed by squirrels.

No description available.

Thèse (Ph.D.) -- Université Laval, 2006. / Comprend un lexique. Bibliogr.: f. 386-400. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

No

朱峰. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (p. 236-248). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in English. / Zhu Feng. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (p. 236-248).

The factors affecting the supply of rubber from Sarawak, East Malaysia, were identified and reviewed in an historical framework. A methodical framework for the general analysis of economic relationships between variables was reviewed and a practical application of the methodology to the supply of rubber from Sarawak was carried out. An econometric analysis of the long run factors affecting the production of rubber was carried out. (1) Two log-differenced autoregressive models of the rubber supply were formulated. (2) The models were tested for parameter constancy to identify structural breaks in the time series and for structural invariance to determine whether they were suitable for policy analysis, forecasting and backcasting. (3) The variables were tested for bivariate Granger Causality to determine the relationships between the factors of production and the output of rubber. (4) Forecast Error Variance Decomposition analysis of multivariate Granger Causality was carried out using a Vector Autoregressive Model. The results confirm the a priori economic theory that long run changes in supply have been affected primarily by changes in area under rubber production and long term price trends. The area planted to rubber has depended upon price incentives and the availability of scarce labour resources. Prices have been affected by the supply of rubber from Sarawak but this is posited to be a reflection of global supply trends affecting prices. While the results generally confirm the economic theory, caution is urged when interpreting the results. The severe inadequacies of the data used highlights the need for more accurate time series and the mainly methodological approach of this study.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal