Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen. / Erschèint gleichzeitig als heft 1 der roihe II der Tübingen geographischen und geologischen abhandlungen." "Benützte literatur und karten": p. 71-72.

Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen. / Erschèint gleichzeitig als heft 1 der roihe II der Tübingen geographischen und geologischen abhandlungen." "Benützte literatur und karten": p. 71-72.

The scientific debate on longevity and its determinants is lively and involves researchers from different disciplines. Finding a clear cut explanation for why some people live longer than others is not an easy task as longevity proves to be connected to more than one factor. Moreover, variables that are shown to be significant for longer survival in certain populations are not always relevant to individuals of other populations. Recently, researchers have identified in Sardinia the Blue Zone (BZ), thus denominated due to the significant number of cases of centenarians recorded as well as a low sex ratio value. This points to an exceptional favourable longevity of males when compared with the expected values in developed countries. A village located in this area was selected for the carrying out of a more detailed analysis at individual level and socio-demographic determinants of longevity were examined. A family reconstructed database was created using a multi-source approach, as this data collection strategy allowed for careful cross-checking of the data, thus guaranteeing data of high quality as well as an exceptionally high level of coverage of known survival. Historical data was therefore used to study today’s population, establishing a unique bridge between historical demography and the current level of longevity. The study focused on survival of newborns in the selected village during a period of 50 years – from 1866 to 1915 – and also took into consideration information on related family members. Each individual included in the database was followed from birth to death, as he/she went through marriage and family formation. Complete survival of all newborns was observed until the present. Based on careful review of the existing literature, the empirical model considered factors such as sex differential, the contribution of familial transmission both in terms of genes, biological, and shared environment, and the role played by environment operationalised considering early-life conditions. Concepts were organized into a life-course approach for survival analysis. The analysis of the data enabled to the estimation of mortality trajectories, which in turn confirmed the exceptional longevity of the population understudy and in particular of males. The investigation of differential survival among members of the same community brought to light the relevance of certain familial variables on survival, which are not exclusively genetic. The results achieved open the way to further studies.

The village of Villagrande Strisaili, situated in central highlands of the island of Sardinia, Italy, is the subject of this ethnographic study of economic and cultural change. In Part I, a brief historical overview reveals that the pre-war society was largely subsistence based, with shepherding providing milk and cheese to sell on the market for cash. A strict division of labour and responsibilities by sex required mutual dependency of the male and female heads of a household, and supported local notions of gender equality. Part II examines the economic basis of and the restructuring of occupational opportunities in Villagrande today. Although shepherding and subsistence production continue to be important local activities, they are no longer the dominant forms of economic production and secure positions in government offices and institutions are now the preferred occupations. The profound cultural changes of recent decades is the focus of Part III. The notion of local culture, and of a distinctive local identity, is disappearing as cosmopolitan culture becomes localized through local acceptance. Contemporary villagers now create their sense of identity in terms of a wider reality, as defined by the powerful messages of the cosmopolitan system which are efficiently disseminated to villagers through the state educational system and the ubiquitous mass media. These cultural changes have unexpected consequences on the local culture and its reproduction to future generations.

Tourism is being promoted as an economic development strategy world-wide. It is seen as particularly suitable for creating employment in areas which lack alternative development options. This study examines the economic and socio-cultural impacts of tourism on Baunei, a community located on the eastern coast of Sardinia. The research shows that the type of tourism found in Baunei (i.e. locally controlled and small-scale) is providing benefits to local people without causing significant economic disruption or social conflict. The fact that residents are actively seeking to develop tourism in their area is perhaps the best indication that tourism is not acting as a disruptive force in Baunei.

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In questo lavoro ho trattato alcune forme di poesia dialettale sarda quali il "muttu o muttettu," i "canti della culla," le "cantilene infantili," e i "canti funebri." Del muttu, forma caratteristica della poesia popolare sarda, al quale ho dedicato il primo cpitolo, ho analizzato per lo più quei problemi connessi con la sua struttura, forma, origine e quindi i suoi rapporti con componimenti di altre regioni italiane, e anche non italiane, portando esempi di muttus di varie parti della Sardegna per farne notare, più che il contenuto, che molto spesso in tali canti è simile, la diversità ortografica delle composizioni, diversità dovuta al gran numero di dialetti esistenti nell' isola. Nel secondo capitolo tratto invece i canti della culla e quelli della tomba. Dei canti della culla, che suddivido in ninnenanne e cantilene infantili, faccio notare il contenuto, ricco di espressioni vocative e di epiteti ispirati in gran parte alla natura: fiori, piante, frutta che offrono a questi canti, talvolta lenti e monotoni, talvolta allegri, un inesauribile repertorio. Dei canti della tomba, che in Sardegna vengono chiamati "attittidos," perchè erano spesso cantati dalle "attittadoras" o prefiche, porto soltanto esempi, interessanti e molto spesso inediti, da me raccolti in varie località dell'isola e pazientemente trascritti. L'importanza di questi canti e cantilene non è da ricercarsi nel loro valore letterario che è senz'altro minimo bensì nel loro grande valore folkloristico in quanto sono le ultime testimonianze di un folklore che pian piano ma inesorabilmente sta scomparendo. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

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