This thesis investigates the way the national identity of Sardinia was perceived in travel literature – and more particularly the way writing about travel experiences contributed to shape identity, both of the visited place and of its inhabitants. The thesis draws from different sources (travelogues, belles lettres, history books); the work reflects therefore a rather eclectic panorama. For obvious reasons the research field has been circumscribed in time and space, but , but aims at drawing general conclusions, i.e. assessing whether national identities are the result of an endogenous process, or rather are influenced by exogenous elaborations. As regards geographical delimitation we restricted our inquiry to the island of Sardinia for two main reasons: i) it is isolated not only geographically but also culturally and has never been a conventional destination along the Grand Tour routes; ii) up to the first half of the twentieth century the island had a reputation for being an “unknown” or “forgotten” land. As regards time, the choice was to concentrate on modern times, that is approximately between the second half of the 18th and the first half of the 20th century. Thereafter, the coming of the post-industrial society, mass tourism, faster means of transport, the standardizing effect of globalization changed the idea of travelling, leading some to argue that the birth of post-modern tourism implied the end of travel, or at least a totally new attitude towards travel, that has been defined post-modern. When D.H. Lawrence wrote that Sardinia had “no history, no date, no race, no offering” he was drawing from a consolidated image of the island as an unknown land rather than on its millenary history. The Nobel laureate Grazia Deledda challenged this idea in the first quarter of the 20th century by countering the codes elaborated in the island – namely the language code, the common law and the rustic life and passions – to the civilized way of life of industrialized European societies. The thesis concludes that the making of the identity of Sardinia was the result of the interaction between these two views.

In Telemula, a highland village of Sardinia, Italy, the concept of 'modernity' has been assigned a positive moral meaning which is used in opposition to the concept of 'tradition'. This dissertation examines the phenomenological dimension of strategic repositionings deployed by local people, as they strive to represent themselves as persone brave (good persons). Alternative representations of shepherds carry different moral connotations. Villagers who have to decide whether or not to become, or to continue to be shepherds, also wish to represent themselves positively. Thus, they manipulate the meanings which had been originally ascribed by national and supranational agencies, but that currently form part of the locals' world-views. In consequence, individuals participate in the multiplication of life-worlds and codes of meaning that they use in organising their own perceptions of life events and reflexive experience of self.

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This thesis aims to introduce the Italian writer Grazia Deledda and analyze her three Sardinian novels: La via del male (The way of evil), Elias Portolu (Elias Portolu) and Canne al vento (Reeds in the Wind). At the beginning, I briefly summarize the sociographic situation of the island of Sardinia in the middle of the 19th century as it had considerable influence on the author and her writings. I also include the bio-bibliographical section, which chronologically portrays Deledda's personal life and her literary works. The central themes of her works are passion, sin and their subsequent atonement. The protagonists suffer especially in the depths of their hearts and dialogue and struggle with their conscience. Lyrical descriptions of the land are also a distinguishing feature of Deledda's writing, together with portrayal of local traditions and customs with the occasional inserted text with Sardinian words, specifically the writer's Nuoro dialect. Finally, I try to compare all three works and attempt to locate their constant and variable features and gain insight into the female characters within Sardinian communities. In the appendix, I review the reception of Deledda in the Czech speaking lands and include a brief history of the island and Deledda's personal photos.

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Ce travail de thèse, le premier pour la Sardaigne consacré entièrement à la production sur silex, offre un regard nouveau sur les assemblages en pierre taillée du Néolithique, mettant en lumière la manière dont les différentes phases de la production lithique sont mises en place, depuis l'acquisition de la matière première jusqu'à l'obtention de produits finis. Cela sur la durée et sur une aire géographique vaste. D’autre part, il permet de reconstruire le comportement des néolithiques par rapport à ce matériel et, par rapport aux autres ressources lithiques exploités durant l’arc chronologique analysé, l’obsidienne en particulier. / In Sardinia the use of siliceous raw materials for the production of chipped stone artifacts is frequent in prehistory, although to varying degrees in relation to the areas and periods analyzed. These lithotypes, characterized by different qualities, have a great variability and a wide spread over the entire region. This work presented a summary of the diachronic variations in lithic flint production during the Neolithic, focusing on the one side, to describe their typological and technological features and, on the other side, to illustrate the variations in the raw material selection behaviors occurred in this period.

Thesis (thèse complémentaire)--Paris. / At head of title: Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Paris. Includes bibliographical references (p. [221]-224).

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