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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

BORBOLETAS FRUGÍVORAS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) EM FLORESTAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO IGUAÇU, PARANÁ, BRASIL / FRUIT-FEEDING BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) IN ATLANTIC FORESTS OF IGUASSU NATIONAL PARK, PARANA, BRAZIL

Graciotim, Camila 28 March 2014 (has links)
Faunal studies, used as the main building blocks for conservation practices, have potential importance in minimizing environmental impacts. From this, this study sought to analyze the community of fruit-feeding butterflies of the Semideciduous Forest and Araucaria Forest of Iguassu National Park, promoting the comparison of composition, richness, abundance, dominance and similarity of the assemblages as their association with environmental descriptors evaluated in each phytophysiognomy. Field work was carried out monthly between November 2012 and May 2013, using Van Someren-Rydon traps with bait consisting of mashed banana in fermented sugarcane juice. In each phytophysiognomy, we used 15 traps in pre-defined transects that were revised each 24 h during five days per sampling occasion. At the end of six samplings and 900 traps/day as total effort, 1,127 individuals representing 69 species and four subfamilies of fruit-feeding butterflies were recorded. The sampled richness was lower than the Jacknife 1 and Bootstrap estimated values, indicating the importance of increasing the sampling effort. Satyrinae was the subfamily with greater richness and abundance in both areas. Among the total species registered, 11 were new records for the Iguassu National Park. Ordination analysis showed a low segregation of assemblages composition and a difference of 27.2 % between them. The influence of environmental descriptors showed that the set of variables: light, canopy cover and number of trees were the most important in structuring the assemblages of frugivorous butterflies sampled. The obtained results shall provide subsidies for a better knowledge of the diversity of the Atlantic Forest butterflies, contributing to the Management Plan of the Iguassu National Park. / Estudos de fauna, utilizados como principais alicerces para as práticas conservacionistas, são de importância potencial na minimização de impactos ambientais. A partir disso, este estudo buscou analisar a comunidade de borboletas frugívoras da Floresta Estacional Semidecídua e Floresta Ombrófila Mista do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, promovendo a comparação da composição, riqueza, abundância, dominância e similaridade das assembléias, assim como sua associação com descritores ambientais avaliados em cada fitofisionomia. Para isso, foram realizadas amostragens mensais entre novembro de 2012 e maio de 2013, através de armadilhas atrativas do tipo Van Someren-Rydon com isca constituída de banana amassada fermentada em caldo de cana. Em cada fitofisionomia, utilizaram-se 15 armadilhas em transectos pré-definidos, revisadas a cada 24 h ao longo de cinco dias por ocasião amostral. Ao final de seis ocasiões amostrais, com esforço total de 900 armadilhas/dia, foram registrados 1.127 indivíduos pertencentes a 69 espécies e quatro subfamílias de borboletas frugívoras. A riqueza amostrada apresentou-se abaixo do valor estimado pelos estimadores Jacknife 1 e Bootstrap, indicando a importância de esforço amostral maior. Satyrinae foi a subfamília com maior riqueza e abundância em ambas as fitofisionomias. Dentre o total das espécies registradas, 11 constituíram-se em novos registros para o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. A análise de ordenação mostrou baixa segregação quanto à composição das assembleias e uma diferença de 27,2% entre as mesmas. A influência dos descritores ambientais mostrou que o conjunto de variáveis: luminosidade, cobertura de dossel e número de árvores foram os mais importantes na estruturação das assembleias de borboletas frugívoras amostradas. Os resultados encontrados poderão fornecer subsídios para um melhor conhecimento da diversidade de borboletas da Mata Atlântica, contribuindo para o Plano de Manejo do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu.
2

BORBOLETAS FRUGÍVORAS (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) DE SANTA MARIA, REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL / FRUIT-FEEDING BUTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE) FROM SANTA MARIA, CENTRAL REGION OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL

Spaniol, Ricardo Luís 27 February 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Among some factors responsible for the occurrence and distribution of species, the heterogeneity and structural complexity of the environment can be decisive to their survival. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the fruit-feeding butterfly s guild in a transition region between the Atlantic Forest and Pampa biomes, in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul state, promoting a comparison of composition, richness, and species abundance and their association with some microclimatic variables. Between October 2011 and May 2012, monthly sampling was performed in four field areas, two associated with each biome, using the trap methodology with attractive bait of banana fermented in sugar cane juice. At the end of seven sampling occasions, 1,829 fruit-feeding butterflies belonging to 40 species and four subfamilies were captured. The richness estimator Jackknife 1 corroborated the sampled fruit-feeding butterfly richness. The areas associated with Atlantic Forest had higher species richness (S=36) compared with the areas of Pampa (S=27). Of the total richness, 23 species occurred in areas associated with the two biomes, 13 were associated solely with the Atlantic Forest ones, and four were sampled only in Pampa. Considering the abundance, 66.05% of individuals occurred in grassland sites (vegetal formation characteristic of the Pampa associated areas), and only 33.95% in forested areas (characteristic of the Atlantic Forest ones). Hamadryas epinome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) and Forsterinaria necys (Godart, [1824]) showed a significant indication for the areas associated with Atlantic Forest, while Moneuptychia soter (Butler, 1877), Paryphthimoides phronius (Godart, [1824]) and Paryphthimoides poltys (Prittwitz, 1865) had indication values for Pampa associated areas. Regarding the microclimatic variables, we found an association between luminosity, temperature and relative humidity with the occurrence of most fruit-feeding butterfly s species. The results of this study reinforce the bioindication potential of the fruit-feeding butterfly s guild, due to the composition, richness and abundance patterns of this group are highly associated with environmental variation. / Dentre alguns fatores responsáveis pela ocorrência e distribuição das espécies, a heterogeneidade e a complexidade estrutural do ambiente podem ser determinantes para a sua sobrevivência. A partir disso, este estudo buscou caracterizar a guilda de borboletas frugívoras numa região de transição entre os biomas Mata Atlântica e Pampa, no município de Santa Maria, RS, promovendo uma comparação quanto à riqueza, composição e abundância das espécies e sua associação com algumas variáveis microclimáticas. Entre outubro de 2011 e maio de 2012, amostragens mensais foram realizadas em quatro áreas amostrais, duas associadas a cada bioma, utilizando o método de armadilhas com isca atrativa de banana fermentada em caldo de cana. Ao final de sete amostragens, foram capturadas 1.829 borboletas frugívoras, pertencentes a 40 espécies e quatro subfamílias. A riqueza amostrada representa adequadamente a guilda de borboletas frugívoras presente nas áreas amostrais, como indicou o estimador de riqueza Jackknife 1. As áreas associadas a Mata Atlântica apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies (S=36) em comparação com as áreas do Pampa (S=27). Da riqueza total, 23 espécies ocorreram em áreas associadas aos dois biomas, outras 13 apresentaram associação exclusiva com as áreas associadas a Mata Atlântica, e quatro somente foram amostradas no Pampa. Considerando a abundância, 66,05% dos indivíduos se concentraram nas áreas campestres (formação vegetal característica das áreas associadas ao Bioma Pampa), e apenas 33.95% nas áreas florestadas (formação vegetal característica das áreas associadas ao Bioma Mata Atlântica). Hamadryas epinome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) e Forsterinaria necys (Godart, [1824]) apresentaram valores de indicação significativos para as áreas associadas a Mata Atlântica, enquanto que Moneuptychia soter (Butler, 1877), Paryphthimoides phronius (Godart, [1824]) e Paryphthimoides poltys (Prittwitz, 1865) tiveram valores de indicação para as áreas associadas ao Pampa. Com relação às variáveis microclimáticas, constatou-se uma associação entre luminosidade, temperatura e umidade relativa sobre a ocorrência de boa parte das espécies de borboletas frugívoras. Os resultados do presente estudo reforçam o potencial de bioindicação da guilda de borboletas frugívoras, pois os padrões de composição, riqueza e abundância deste grupo se mostram fortemente associados com as variações ambientais.
3

Ovlivňují parasitoidi výškovou distribuci horských motýlů? Okáči v Krkonoších. / Do parasitoids influence mountain butterflies altitudinal distribution? Satyrinae in Krkonoše Mts.

STUCHLOVÁ, Klára January 2014 (has links)
Parasitoids represent a diverse and little studied group of insects, employing variety of adaptations to utilize and kill their hosts. Among the unresolved issues related to the host-parasitoids interactions are responses of such interactions to global climate change, especially in cases specialized insect species adapted to cold environments such as alpine habitats. Example of such hosts are the Holarctic butterflies of the genus Erebia Dalman, 1986 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) inhabiting mountains of Central Europe. The aim of this study was sampling caterpillars of lowland and mountain Satyrinae butterflies, rearing the caterpillars to determine the degree of infestation and determine the host specificity of parasitoids using combination of classical and molecular methods. I sampled 39 caterpillars of the Meadow Brown (Maniola jurtina), seven caterpillars of the Mountain Ringlet (Erebia epiphron) and four caterpillars of the Large Ringlet (Erebia euryale) at 14 habitats along the altitudinal gradient in Krkonoše Mountains. It was found more than a one-third parasitization by Ichneumon caloscelis among Maniola jurtina caterpillars and no parasitoids among the mountain species. It suggests the possibility of a higher rate of infestation among species living at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes. There are many factors affecting the parasitization's rate among butterflies. This issue requires further monitoring. This study demonstrates the time-consuming sampling of solitary living caterpillars on common plants. Molecular determination of parasitoids using DNA barcoding is possible without major problems, but with certain restrictions.

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